Enye yezona zinzulu kwihlabathi yi-Kiev metro esiteshini

Oko kubonakala ngathi kuthatha ngokungenanto kwakunjalo ngenye indlela. Iimfesi ziye zafumaneka ngokubanzi, kodwa ikhulu leminyaka edlulileyo zazixabisa kakhulu kwaye zincinci. Iifowuni zinikwe izixhobo ezingenakho ukuziqhayisa ngazo zonke iikhomputha, kwaye iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu edlulileyo ucinga ukuba ifowuni ingasivumela ukuba ifowuni ibe yindawo. I-Metro, eyona nxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nendlela yokuthutha ininzi yeKiev, ibonakala ngaphantsi kweminyaka engamashumi mathandathu edlulileyo.

Iyesithathu kwiManyano

I-Kiev metro yayiyingxenye yesithathu kwiSoviet Union emva komkhulu kunye noLeningrad. Ukuvulwa komgca wokuqala we-metro kwenzeke ngomhla wesibhiyozo se-Revolution ye-Oktobha ngo-1960. Izikhululo zokuqala zedolophu zaseKiev zazingumgca odibanisa isitishi sikaloliwe kunye neDnieper kwaye idlula kwi-axis ephakathi. Ngenxa yecandelo lobulungisa, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isilwabilo sokuqala somzila wesitimela phantsi komhlaba, ngokulandela umzekelo waseLondon, saqwalaselwa ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesithoba, kodwa izikhulu zedolophu azizange zixhase. Ayinakuxhaswa njani kwiprojekti efanayo kwiphondo leminyaka lemashumi amabini, unyaka omnye ngaphambi kweemeko zenguqulelo. Kakade kwiminyaka yesithathu bathatha umzamo omtsha baze baqalisa ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela, kodwa baphazamiseka yimfazwe, kwaye le projekthi yayithulile iminyaka elishumi. Ngethuba lokuvuselela emva komfazwe kwesixeko ukubuyela emsebenzini ongaphantsi komhlaba akazange abuyele, bekungekho loo nto. Kodwa sele ngowe-1949 ukwakhiwa kwendlela engaphantsi kweKieya yaqala ukubilisa.

Ukuqala okuqinileyo nokukhula ngokukhawuleza

Ukuqhutyelwa kwezinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba kwakutsha kubakhi, indawo ayizange ifundwe ngokukodwa, eyabangela iingxaki kunye nokwakhiwa kunye nokujoyina izitishi ezinhlanu zokuqala ezolula iminyaka elishumi. Ngaloo xesha, esinye sezikhululo ezisezantsi kwihlabathi zakhiwe- "Arsenalnaya", kunye nomgca, othiwa yi "Svyatoshinsko-Brovarskoe", isengumxholo wezona ziphantsi kakhulu kwihlabathi. Izikhululo zokuqala zeMetro ze-Kiev azizange zihlale zodwa ixesha elide. Inani labo landa ngokunyuka, kwaye imihla yokuvula izitishi ezintsha zazihlala zixesha leeholide enkulu yeSoviet Union. Izitishi ezili-11 zendlela yokuqala yokuhamba ngomgwaqo sele ivuliwe, xa ngowe-1970 kwakhiwa isakhiwo esitsha. Umgca omtsha wabizwa ngokuba ngu "Kurenivsko-Krasnoarmeiskaya" kwaye wawela ikhona ekhoyo malunga neengalo ezilungileyo. Izikhululo zokuqala ze-Kiev zelo mzila zaqala ukusebenza ngo-1976. Okwesithathu, ukugqibela kwale mihla, yi-Syretsko-Pecherskaya line, apho izitulo zayo zavulwa ngo-1989, nangona yaqala ukwakha iminyaka eyisibhozo ngaphambili. Umgca omtsha udibanisa i-central central kunye neyanda kwakhiwa e-Kiev. Isiteshi se-metro "iKharkivska" sakhiwe ngokoqobo phakathi kwendawo yesithili esitsha sasezidolophini kwaye saqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1994.

Kwisikimu seMetro

Izikhululo zokuqala zazingabalwa, kwaye abagibeli bebazi bonke ngentliziyo. Kodwa inani labo landa, kwakukho izitishi zokutshintshwa, kwaye kwakukho imfuneko esiphuthumayo ukubonisa zonke izitishi zedrosi eKiev. Iskimu semitha yesininzi senkulu ye- Ukraine ibonakala ngathi:

Umzila oBomvu "uSvyatoshin-Brovary" ngoku unesikhululo sesinezikhulu ezinesibhozo kwaye ubude obungaphezu kwamashumi amabini anamabini amakhilomitha. I-blue "Kurenivsko-Krasnoarmeiskaya" ibandakanya izikhululo ezilishumi elinesibhozo ezinexesha elide malunga neekhilomitha ezingamashumi amabini ananye. Umncinci, uhlaza we-Syretsko-Pecherskaya uquka izikhululo ezilishumi elinesithandathu kuphela, kodwa lide kakhulu-malunga neekhilomitha amabini anesine.

Iipetroli namhlanje

Ekuqaleni, izitishi zazinxiba amagama, ukusetyenziswa kwazo okwakufunekayo kwilizwe lokubuyisana. Kodwa emva kokubhengezwa kokuzimela, ininzi yaqanjwa kwakhona. Izikhululo zabizwa ngokuba ngumlando okanye ezitsha, ngegama leendawo ezikufuphi apho zifumaneka khona. Ngethuba leMidlalo yeBhola yeBhola yaseYurophu eyayibanjwe kweli lizwe, i-metro yayifumene amagama esiteshini esiNgesi kunye neendawo zokutshintshwa koomzila wesithili. Kodwa nangona ubuninzi bezakhiwo ezintsha kunye nokubaluleka kwezithuthi zabantu (abangaphezu kwezigidi ezigidi ezigidi zabantu abahamba ngeerhafu ngonyaka), abahlali belikhulu le-Ukraine bafuna ukufumana izitishi ezintsha ze-metro eKiev, eziya kubavumela ukuba bathuthuke kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke ezilungele ukwedlula ngaphandle kokufakelwa.