Electroplating galvanizing metal: ubuchwepheshe, izixhobo

Galvanizing - esebenzayo kangako, ngoko ke into Indlela eqhelekileyo yokukhusela izinyithi ayoni ukusuka umhlwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa hardware kunye zokubopha, kunye enemingxuma ngentsimbi.

Iindlela zokusebenza ukutyabeka zinc

galvanizing Anticorrosive eyenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye nobomi wenkonzo ukutyabeka kuxhomekeke Ebubanzini nwebu olukhuselayo.

A indlela zokwaleka kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ezinqwenelekayo, ubungakanani imveliso leyo, imiqathango ukusetyenziswa kwayo phambili.

Eyona ilula kwaye manufacturable, kodwa inikeza ukuxhathisa zaneleyo kuxinezeleko yokugaya umaleko yokhuselo, - i galvanizing abandayo nge umhlaba, equlethe inani elikhulu ezicukucezwe zancinane powder zinc.

Ngu volume galvanizing imveliso zeeteksi yesibini hot-dip galvanizing. Ukutyabeka efunyenwe ngale ndlela, umgangatho ophezulu kunye ixesha elide, kodwa nezingakhuselekanga bume, ekubeni kusetyenziswa zinyibilikile zinc, kodwa ukugcina iqondo layo kancinane ngaphantsi kwe-500 ° C kufuna isixa esikhulu kagesi, iindlela chemical ukulungiswa komhlaba.

efana kakhulu ukuya eshushu-phindiweyo galvanizing ngakumbi zobugcisa, kodwa ngaphantsi kakuhle indlela yokusebenzisa umaleko sokhuselo kwe- thermal. Oku kusetyenziswa xa ukubeka neemfuno phezulu kwi Ebubanzini kunye ukutyabeka ingqondo engaphandle.

Enye indlela galvanizing - a ukutshiza igesi-thermal, esetyenziswa ukukhusela izinto ezinkulu kunye nezakhiwo ukuba nje akunakwenzeka ukuba kuhlamba.

Galvanizing uswele ezininzi neengxaki ezinye iindlela daka kwaye linenzuzo.

Iingenelo galvanizing

A indlela yokusebenzisa ukutyabeka zinc yi electrolysis yeyona ixhaphakileyo.

Inzuzo ephambili, ngenxa apho lisetyenziswa galvanically galvanizing metal, liqondo eliphezulu wokukhuselwa umhlwa kumphezulu eziphathekayo. A maleko ubhityileyo zinc kwandisa ubomi inkonzo iimveliso izihlandlo ezimbalwa, ngoko kunciphisa iindleko yesondlo kunye nokutshintshwa.

Ukutyabeka ifunyenwe ngaphandle sizizifanya kunye amathontsi igcinwe imilo kunye nobukhulu iimveliso. Faka kunokwenzeka ukuba izinto na, nkqu iimilo kakhulu entsonkothileyo.

Ipeyinti okungenamagingxi-gingxi shiny bokuhombisa musa ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi unyango olungaphezulu.

Ngapha koko, inkqubo galvanizing kufuna kuphela iindleko ezincinane, kunye lokubolekwa galvanic kufuneka imveliso eliphezulu.

Ububi galvanizing

A ndlela ukuze zisetyenziswe ukutyabeka zokhuselo yi electrolysis ayikho ngaphandle kuneengxaki.

The main ethile - phantsi zinc adhesion ukuya metal, ngenxa apho kumphezulu imveliso kufuneka ngocoselelo cleaner.

Zisasuka kwakhona ukuyilwa kwinkqubo ukutyabeka inkunkuma eyityhefu efuna ukucoca kakhulu.

iindlela Ukusilela kungabangela ukugcwalisa lo metal lomzali kunye hydrogen, nto leyo ekhokelele ubu imveliso kunye ukuphazamiseka umgangatho ukutyabeka.

isimiso ukusebenza

Galvanizing isekelwe kumgaqo isiphumo yokhuselo, nto leyo umiselwa umahluko nekhono electrochemical zinc kunye nesinyithi. Njengoko zinc lunesakhono esezantsi electrochemical, oko isale nokhuseleko umbingelelo iintsimbi ayoni. Yiloo nto kanye ubethwa kwindawo efumileyo nokumelana electrochemical.

Xa igcwala le oxides zentsimbi akhiwa ukuba umthamo omkhulu ngaphezu intsimbi yokuqala. Le film oksayidi uba loose waphambela ukuba kodwa oxidized metal oksijini. Nezinki zefilimu igcwala yenziwe angamarhoqorhoqo, compact, alufanelekanga kungena oxygen metal zokukhusela kungekuphela ukutyabeka kodwa metal ngaphantsi.

Types of galvanizing

Galvanizing nesingxobo - ubuchwepheshe, emele electrolysis, okt iinkqubo redox electrochemical kwi electrolyte phantsi impembelelo ekhoyo rhoqo yombane ...

Malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku nesingxobo electrolyte zinc into zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu: asidi, kwealkali benqanda.

Eyona ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa indlela yokusebenzisa ukutyabeka zinc ukuba okwanamhlanje electrolytes emuncu, ingakumbi iindawo zentsimbi kunye nawo loqwalaselo ezintsonkothileyo. Iimveliso ezenziwe carbon kunye ingxubevange yodidi kunye ukutyabeka zinc boniswa isenzeko ngaphantsi hydrogen embrittlement, kunye nenkangeleko obuncamisileyo ifunyenwe, ukususela emihle zokuhombisa kuluhlu olubanzi imibala.

ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo galvanizing

Isenzo ibakhusela zinc ukutyabeka kuxhomekeke balo babulingana nesandla, nto leyo isimemezelo galvanic of microns-5, kunye nohlobo electrolyte.

Kwezinye iimeko, iimpawu ibakhusela ukutyabeka zinc kwandisa passivation, phosphating okanye nokupeyinta.

Passivation (chromating) - unyango chemical iimveliso izisombululo chromic acid okanye iityuwa yayo, ngenxa apho umphezulu kuyilwa chromate film. Le nkqubo akunyusi kuphela iimpawu ibakhusela iintlobo ezininzi, ngokuba ngenxa oluphuculweyo isilungiseleli seglosi ukutyabeka, kwaye oko zipeyintwe ngemibala ezahlukeneyo.

Xa phosphating (unyango kunye phosphoric acid kwi iityuwa) iqaqanjiswa imveliso kwi phosphate umboniso umphezulu kwakhiwa. Emva phosphating kwezityalo isicelo paint.

izigaba galvanizing

Imveliso electroplating galvanizing siquka iinkqubo ezininzi, nganye kuzo lipheliswe ngokuhlamba ekuqhubeni umgqomo wamanzi okanye ibhrashi ukuhlanjwa kunye nendlela.

iimveliso Okokuqala zicocwa ngononophelo of irusi, isikali, igrisi zeteknoloji, njengesipholisi okanye ipeyinti iintsalela kwaye degreased kwi izisombululo kwealkali. Emva koko ke bamafutha electrolytic.

Emva koko azilibale isisombululo zolwelo of zehydrochloric acid apho kumphezulu wokugqibela icocwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umaleko zomphandle kunye pickling kwenzeka - ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuba isicelo ukutyabeka zinc. Kuphela ke velisani galvanizing yabo.

Emva koko, ukuba kuyimfuneko, icaciswe kwaye iimveliso nyulu oxide bhanya-bhanya isisombululo nitric acid zolwelo, uze phosphating, passivation futhi omisa.

imisebenzi Ezinye Zenziwe galvanizing iimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, zephetshana into unwound phambi galvanizing, iziphelo nge welding, ngokubanzi emva ogalelwe ioli ube mnye inxeba.

Izixhobo for galvanizing

line Electrical - ulandelelwano ethile yenkqubo maqula kunye ngamanzi kuzo mono- okanye multilayer zinc enamathela kunye iipropati ezisebenzayo ezinqwenelekayo.

Ngokuhambelana kunye nezixhobo umthamo imveliso ezisetyenziswa kunye namaqondo awohlukeneyo koomatshini. amashishini ezinkulu amiselwe imigca imishini kunye ulawulo oluzenzekelayo. Kukho imigca kunye ulawulo buso okanye epheleleyo manual kwakunye njenge-umgca mini.

line Galvanizing ibandakanya kungekuphela na maqula. Oku kuquka iinkqubo zothutho lwezoyilo ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo eziyimfuneko unyango amanzi amdaka, izixhobo abangabancedani, leyo iquka indlela galvanizing, izinto zokufudumeza, kubananisi ubushushu, le cathode kunye intonga anode.

Le kwi iquka anoomatshini bokungenisa, nekhabhathi okusula kunye nezixhobo ifriji, izixhobo filter, sisamkela iimpompo izixhobo demivody.

Electrolytes for galvanizing

Kuba galvanizing, kuxhomekeke injongo imveliso isetyenziswa electrolytes, leyo yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini eziphambili.

Electrolytes apho zinc na ngohlobo ion ezilula hydrated, ngokuba elula acid. Oku fluoboric, sulfate kunye nezisombululo chloride.

electrolytes Complex oludibeneyo iacid obrak ziqulathe ion nezinki ngendlela entsonkothileyo nentlawulo akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Le ammine, pyrophosphate, benqanda kunye nezinye izisombululo.

Kwi apho electrolyte uyasetyenziswa, oko kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwi umyinge nokufumba, kwaye ke umgangatho iidipozithi zinc kwi inqaku (i cathode).

Ukususela electrolytes esimbaxa zinc mayifakwe kwi cathode kwi usasazeko eziphakamileyo ion. Ngenxa yokwanda metal loxinano yangoku kunciphisa isivuno kwaye kwandisa isivuno hydrogen.

Ngoko galvanizing e electrolytes ezintsonkothileyo olwenziwe e ingxinano ngoku ephantsi, nokwaleka luphawu eliphezulu kakhulu, olungisiweyo ecikizekileyo eyohlobo olulodwa.

Xa electrolytes okwanamhlanje asidi ezilula nezinki galvanic, ekhaya kuquka, udlula kwi ezixineneyo yangoku, kunye mkhulu xa usebenzisa izisombululo izinga ezintsonkothileyo. Ukubonakala imveliso endibufumeneyo okulungileyo, kodwa ukutyabeka ayikho kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu yaye ilungele kuphela iimilo imveliso elula kakhulu.

galvanizing

Inkqubo kwezobugcisa lwenzeka ngqo sokuhlambela galvanizing of electrolyte. It oshiywe iimveliso abamnyama metal, nto leyo ukudla electrode ezizodwa umsinga wombane (i cathode), nezinki esulungekileyo okanye ngohlobo macwecwe iibhola ezipakishwe kumacandelo mesh ezizodwa (anode).

Ngexesha indlela electrochemical phantsi kwempembelelo i loxinano sombane yangoku 1 ukuya 5 A / DM zinc songanyibilikisswa electrolyte, uze ion yayo ezifakwe kwi cathode ukwenza ubukhulu nesingxobo 4-25 microns.

Oko kukuthi, usebenzisa le ndlela ifunyenwe zokubopha (nezitshixo kunye namandongomane) kunye efanayo nokwaleka obukhanyayo.

Ngokwayo line for galvanizing

line galvanizing Modern - yinto umgca automated ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo owenza onke amanyathelo ukutyabeka, kuquka ukuwelda kunye bamafutha iimveliso umgangatho kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye uqwalaselo.

line oluzenzekelayo jikelele iquka iseti ehomereni zobuchwepheshe nesingxobo, rectifiers yemodyuli, ukulayisha / indlwana ukothula, izixhobo zokuthutha, Nezixhobo umoya, ubonelelo lwamanzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka, ifreyim yesinyithi Silungisa ileli.

maqula Electroplating zingenziwa insimbi, intsimbi, zazizaliswe iiplastiki okanye ngerabha. bath Modern, welding polima sheet beqhubeka ukubuyisela iinkonkxa yesinyithi. izinto maqula yokukhetha ixhomekeke ngoobani kunye yoxinaniso of electrolyte kunye lobushushu ukusebenza.

Communications amanzi kunye neenkqubo zothungelwano lwemijelo phantsi, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi zilahlwe phantsi umoya iibhate kwaye ezenziwe ezinepolypropylene.

Imilinganiselo komgca emiselwe amandla ayo kunye nemilinganiselo iibhate galvanic.

Galvanizing ithatha indawo ukuyilwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye xi aphezulu ion metal enzima. Ngoko ke, Bakhuthaza, yahluzwa, namandla, ukusebenzisa imichiza umphunga nokufumba, kunye nezinye iinkqubo sorption kwiziphathi ezenziwe neeplastikhi zobunjineli.

Izinki electroplating ekhaya

Galvanizing, zavelisa izandla zabo, iqala ukukhetha kwezinto. Le electrolyte inokuba isisombululo zinc chloride kunye zehydrochloric acid emanzini enkolo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-acid ngelotha, apho amaninzi asetyenziswe ekhaya. Zobuciko zikufake zinc ngo-sulphuric acid kunye ibhetri walungisa ZnSO ₄ electrolyte, kodwa le nkqubo iyingozi, kuba basabela Ikhupha ubushushu kunye hydrogen Uyadubula. Le electrolyte kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba ibe kwenze ziikristale yetyuwa ezingenakunyibilika.

zinc Pure zingathengwa kwivenkile of wezenzi kwemichiza okanye unomathotholo, kwaye lungafumaneka kwi neebhetri ityuwa okanye iifyuzi, alondolozwe ukusuka eSoviet Union.

bath galvanic inokuba iglasi okanye inkonkxa yeplastiki. Ime ukuseta anode kunye cathode. Le anode - ipleyiti zinc, ukuba oludityaniswe ukusuka unikezelo lwamandla "dibanisa". Okukhona le anode, iyunifom ngakumbi ukutyabeka kwimveliso cathode i olusetyenziswa nokwaleka olukhuselayo. Le anode inokuba kancinane, ukuba zibekwe emhlabeni cathode kwi kumgama enye ukuya kumphezulu zinc wawutyabeka ngokufanayo kwaye ngaxeshanye macala onke. Ukuze a cathode enxulumene "thabatha" umthombo wamandla.

Kwanaxa ekhaya wenza galvanizing iteknoloji nesingxobo ngokuyimfuneko ziquka ukucoca olunzulu kunye bamafutha amalungu, ngokunjalo kusebenze yalo isisombululo asidi.

Power Supply - oku ibhetri imoto kunye isibane yale igqengezelayo amandla eliphantsi okanye omnye umsebenzisi kwisekethe ukuya yangoku kwisekethe ngezantsi okanye umbane kunye ombane njalo imveliso. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akukho lukanina ngokukhawuleza electrolyte ngexesha galvanizing.

Eneneni galvanizing kwenzeka xa anode kunye cathode eshiyelelweyo kwi electrolyte kunye wesekethe yombane luvalwe. Ixesha elide kwinkqubo, ziyatyeba umaleko zinc ifunyenwe kwi kwimveliso.

Nge galvanizing coating olukhuselayo kwi imveliso iba ngqo, isinxibo sojongo agudileyo, kunye nempembelelo zokuhombisa. Oku kusetyenziswa zombini kushishino nasekhaya, nangona kuthabatha amdaka avela inkunkuma enobungozi nokusingqongileyo.