Renaissance High e Italy

Kwinkulungwane XV e Western Yurophu, apho kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kule inkcubeko, ubugcisa kunye bulumko walawula scholasticism kumaxesha, zonqulo Theocentricism, ie ngeminqweno emihle kuThixo, ukwalela lobomi emhlabeni, nto leyo ingqalelo Njengengabula-zigcawu ngokuphathelele kubomi basezulwini, kukho buyinto emangalisayo, kamva ngokuba Renaissance, oko kukuthi i-Renaissance. imiqathango kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yale meko yaba ukuvela kunye nophuhliso neentlobano nkulu, kodwa Renaissance - oko kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umphefumlo-ubuphanda imboniselo entsha womntu kunye nehlabathi ezisentlabathini eziyingqongileyo.

Umntu uba iziko, emlinganisweni zonke izinto emhlabeni. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni inkalo ebalulekileyo kakhulu inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa le Renaissance - ukubonakalisa kunye nophuhliso exabisekileyo kwindawo isimo sengqondo enobuchule kunye nobomi ekuhlaleni. amandla alawula le ngcamango yentanda nobugcisa kuba nobuntu, akhusela ixabiso lomntu. Kulo mzekelo, inzuzo yomntu - injongo zophuhliso lwezentlalo nenkcubeko yoluntu.

Isiseko se humanistic Renaissance yokucinga entsha waphila waya ngelo xesha umdla kwinkcubeko yakudala, leyo uchazwa umntu njengolwimi jikelele ngayo ubuntu nzulu, ubuntu eliqaqambileyo. Noko ke, le ukucaciswa lomntu akonelanga nje yamkelwe, oko reinvents. Ihlabathi engaphakathi komntu kunye nesakhiwo sakhe ebonakalayo yaba ibinzana ekhethekileyo jikelele, ubume ongenasiphelo, ubukhulu balo ilingana indalo equlathe amathuba for self-uphuhliso kunye self-ukuphucuka.

Renaissance e Italy

Sobuhle and Culture of the Renaissance eyaqala ngo Italy. Le era lungahlulwa-hlulwa izihlandlo ezine: Protorenessans, oqala ngenkulungwane XIII kwaye igqalwa ixesha yokuzalwa yokucinga entsha; kwekhulu XV, ixesha bokuqala Renaissance; ekupheleni XV - ekuqaleni XVI kwiinkulungwane kwatyatyamba ixesha ebizwa ngokuba 'High Renaissance "; Ekugqibeleni, ixesha emva kwexesha le Renaissance kunye nengxaki iingcamango zakhe eza ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI.

Kuba Protorenessansa uphawu abe nolwalamano olusondeleyo kakhulu kuMbindi Ages, Gothic, isithethe Romanesque kwi bokwakha nokupeyinta. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha owaqalisa lo izimvo eziphambili ngexesha enkulu elizayo. I intwasahlobo lokuqala zokulungisa ubugcisa obubonwayo uba umsebenzi odumileyo Italian Giotto (Giotto di Bondone). Imizobo yakhe ezifanelekayo ngakumbi umfanekiso, amanani abantu kunye nemvelaphi emva kwabo enkulu kunye nomtsalane. Ngelo xesha ekuphuhliseni uncwadi Italian. Yobuciko yabo echaza wabe kunye Petrarch. Ngexesha lokuqala le Renaissance ziquka imisebenzi enkulu igcisa Italian re Botticelli, ogama imizobo zibonisa banconywa ezichukumisayo enzulu ubuhle bomhlaba nemazi, ukuba yongezwe nangentando enzulu okukhulu.

Ngu phakathi XV kwinkulungwane Renaissance e Italy kwaye kulo lonke elaseYurophu lisekiwe ngokupheleleyo. Xa ukupeyinta, kunye neencwadi waba nomfanekiso ezibalaseleyo zehlabathi emhlabeni, iimvakalelo "-ezinegazi ngokupheleleyo 'nzulu yaye uthanda ubomi zonke obubonakala zonke eziphilayo emhlabeni umntu. Ubomi real-ihlabathi izinto rhuthu iinkcukacha olukhulu. Art waba zinjalo, yehlabathi kunye nobomi-Umgudu. Ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa bokwakha ukuba inxulumene njani kuphuhliso ngokukhawuleza nenzululwazi yendalo nezixhotyana.

eliphezulu Renaissance

Highest Renaissance bachuma kwi ekupheleni XV - ekuqaleni XVI eminyaka. Eli xesha enxulumene nemisebenzi amagcisa ezinkulu ezinjengezo uLeonardo da Vinci, uMichelangelo, Raphael, Giorgione, titian kunye nezinye Renaissance High -. Yeyona lokuntshula incopho zobuntu, ezibe ezihlanganiswe emangalisayo kuyondelelaniswe balo ifuthe ifomu, umbala kunye nomxholo, kubonakala kwi mizobo abaculi. Imisebenzi ngcungela emikhulu kwahlukile ngokunzulu ngokwasengqondweni, zinjalo, umthondo ngokungangqalanga ehlabathini ngokomoya nangokweemvakalelo womntu. Ngeli xesha, amagcisa sebenzisa imigaqo emitsha yokudweba, neziye zithi ke ngoko zibe nempembelelo ebalulekileyo art yaseYurophu.

Renaissance Uphakamileyo indlela eya ngexesha lobunzima. Uphuhliso ngakumbi capitalism kwakhokelela ukuphoxeka ebangelwe ukungafani zobuntu kunye leyinene engqongileyo. Eli xesha linxulunyaniswa kukuvela utopias - imisebenzi, ezo zisekelwe kwingcamango kwamnandi woluntu efanelekileyo. Zobulumko okuqala utopians eliNgesi Thomas More kunye Italian Tommaso Campanella. Xa ekupeyinteni ongasekhoyo Renaissance lu dityanisiwe kokufika banomkhwa. Amagcisa mannerists (Veronese, Tintoretto et al.) Ngabom embellish ubunyani, waphula imigaqo imvisiswano eseleyo.

Renaissance waba isiseko kuphuhliso kunye nokusekwa art yaseYurophu. Ngeli xesha, sisungule-siseko engundoqo indalo ngobuciko, owayebonakele kuphuhliso olungaphezulu ubugcisa noncwadi ukutyhubela iminyaka kunye eminyaka.