Effect Ringelmana: ulwazi ngokubanzi, kwaye umzekelo ifomula ukubala

Psychology kunceda abantu baqonde ngokwabo, izenzo zabo neengcinga, kodwa hayi nje kuphela, kodwa ichaphazela amaqela okwakha kunye nesigqibo imicimbi kuphela ishishini. Enyanisweni, impembelelo yayo inokulandwa bonke. Kwaye ezifunyaniswe ezininzi yenza oku inzululwazi, inkqubo yomsebenzi elungiselelwe nokuphucula ubomi kumntu ngamnye. Enye yezi yezinto ezibaluleke kwenziwa ngo-1927, waza wayibiza ngokuba "isiphumo Ringelmana". Ukuze wenze oku, siqhuba uthotho imifuniselo ukwazi, elibonakalisa kakhulu umdla amanqe, zibonakala isiphumo. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, nisamana alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo yonke le nkcazelo, kwaye ebumnyameni.

imifuniselo

Eyona njongo ephambili yale yemifuniselo yaba ukungqina ukuba umphumo yentsebenziswano ngempumelelo yabasebenzi lilonke ilungu ngalinye leqela ngabanye ngakumbi. Kwaba khona abantu abaqhelekileyo, abacelwa ukuba phakamisa iintsimbi, ngoko japan yabo intle yarekhodwa. Baza baqala ukuba coalesce ngokwamaqela: lelokuqala labantu abambalwa, waza waqala ezinkulu. Isiphumo kulindeleke kwacaca: ukuba umntu omnye unokumphakamisa ubunzima ethile, aba babini sele kulongamela nobukhulu kabini okanye nangaphezulu. Le mbono, ngasendleleni, kukho unanamhla.

ukusebenza Ringelmana kunye neziphumo zawo

Kodwa practice, nezesayensi iziphumo emangalisayo. Ndafumanisa ukuba amabini abantu phakamisa 93 kuphela pesenti ngamnye isixa iziphumo zabo kokuqala. Kwaye xa iqela-nxaxheba ezisibhozo, isiphumo 49 kuphela pesenti iziphumo zomsebenzi enokubakho. Ukuqinisa iziphumo, izifundo amalungiselelo ezinye iimvavanyo, umzekelo, baza bona bathi kubo ukutsala intambo, kodwa isiphumo uhlala okufanayo.

izizathu iziphumo

Enyanisweni, yonke into elula, xa lo mntu ngokwakhe umsebenzi - uyakwazi ukubala ngokwabo kuphela, kodwa amandla nemibutho sele kusindiswa, oku ke isiphumo Ringelmana. ibali eyaziwa malunga abemi bedolophana - umzekelo. Xa bagqiba ukuba anxibe i nomgqomo ngeholide kawonke yevodka, phantsi kwelungiselelo elithi ngamnye eze-emele yakhe. Umphumo waba kukuba leyo yazaliswa ngamanzi ethafeni. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ngamnye wagqiba ekubeni bakope, ndicinga ukuba wonke umntu uya kuzisa utywala, kwaye Kungenxa yoku ukuba iqhinga wakhe emanzini akuyi uqaphele.

Ngenxa yoko, isiphumo Ringelmann usendleleni yokuba eli qela iboniswa a passivity jikelele. Indoda Ibambela oqondela ixabiso yemigudu yazo, yaye xa umsebenzi yahlulwe phakathi iqela labantu ungenza namandla. Ngamanye amazwi, ukubonakala iziphumo passivity loluntu ziya kuwa de zifike uphawu zero. Xa inertia, Kakade ke, lo msebenzi uya kuqala kwenziwa kakhulu ngempumelelo, kodwa njengoko liqabane kunciphisa imigudu yakhe, akukho mntu ufuna ukuzama ngenzondelelo efanayo.

Imbali kokufunyanwa isiphumo

Ngowe-1927, iqela oosonzululwazi baqhuba eksperimenti ezindala e bengqondo, ukuze yaye uyaziwa kweli isiphumo. Emva kokuba iziphumo yemifuniselo ezichazwe ngasentla, sakha buboniswe ukubala igalelo ngamnye avareji zomntu ngamnye, kwaye kukhangeleka ngolu hlobo.

Igalelo avareji = 100-7 * (inani labathathi-nxaxheba 1)

Ngoko ke, ungakwazi ngokwezibalo ukubala isiphumo Ringelmana, ifomula ibonisa ukuba igalelo avareji abantu abathathu iza kuba 86 pesenti, isibhozo - ekhulwini 51 kuphela.

Isiphumo lobuvila lwentlalo

ukonqena Social kuthiwa ilahleko ezixhasayo. Izinto ezingundoqo obubonakala kucingwa ukuba umntu, ukusebenza kunye umntu uqalisa ukuthembela namaqabane ekucombululeni ezininzi zemisebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho uqaphele ukuba isebenza ngakumbi, yaye iyaqhubeka bakholelwa ukuba imali kumsebenzi umkhosi ukuya ngokupheleleyo. Le nomphumela ofanayo Ringelmana. Kufuneka Mayisoloko ikhunjulwa into yokuba imbonakaliso yayo unokubangwa ngezenzo elingenzi nto.

Phakathi imiba ukuba boyise ubuvila kuluntu kukubonelela kulandelayo:

1. uxanduva ngamnye iziphumo. Njengoko ukwandisa ukubaluleka indima umntu idla ukuhla iimpawu sobuvila lwentlalo.
2. Group intsebenziswano kunye nesimo friendly kunganyusa imveliso yakho.
3. yobukhulu enkulu kunye nempembelelo leqela: abantu abaninzi, kubi isiphumo.
4. Kwiyantlukwano yeenkcubeko kunye neembono, ngamanye amazwi, ukuba iqela liya kuquka abameli yeenkcubeko ezininzi, imveliso iqela liya kuba inkulu kakhulu ukusebenza ephangaleleyo.
5. Kukho kwakhona kwisini ezibuthathaka: abaphandi baqaphela ukuba abasetyhini kakhulu kuyanqaba ukubonisa ubuvila lwentlalo kunamadoda.

Indlela ukusingatha

Ngelishwa, akukho akukenzeki imali, nto leyo evumela ukuba woyise ifuthe Ringelmana. Kakade ke, ngoku kukho ezininzi kwezifundo iincwadi kunye noqeqesho ezithembisa ukuphucula intsebenzo kule qela. Sekunjalo, ngokwandisa nemveliso iqela liya kuhla, wonke umntu uya uthembele phezu kwezinye. Le yimpendulo eqhelekileyo yabantu ngokwengqondo kwezi meko.

Ingaba kukho impikiso?

Ngokunxulumene sisazinzulu imeko kuyimfuneko ukuba bazibekele injongo: ukufumana ubungqina bobukho ngeemeko ezivumela qela ukunika isiphumo akukho ngaphantsi kodwa kunokuba ngakumbi. Kwafuneka ukuba imigudu iqela lonke wanikela isiphumo ngaphezu ilungu ngalinye uyakwazi ukunika ngamnye. Izazinzulu sele bakhe bazama ukubonisa ukuba akusoloko kunjalo Ringelmana isiphumo. Ukuphika, ngelishwa, nangoku kufunyanwa, kunye neemeko ezinjalo ukuvula.

izisusa iziphumo

Kodwa abaphandi bakwazi ukuqonda iintshukumisa yomntu kwi umsebenzi ngamnye kunye noninzi. Kwimeko yokuqala, yena ucinga: "Ukuba andenzi nto, ngoko ngubani?", Yaye Owesibini ucinga into efana nale: ". Lo msebenzi andiyithandi, nokuba ukuba luzobe" Ukuba ke akathanga va uxanduva kuphela msebenzi, ngokuzenzekelayo kuqala ukuba usebenze umthetho nokulondolozwa kwamandla. Ngamanye amazwi, ukusebenza kumgaqo "zonke iimpazamo washiya engagqitywanga, wayigqiba amanye amalungu band."