David Hilbert: ubomi sezibalo enkulu

David Hilbert - a yezibalo wodumo nomfundisi eklasini liphezulu, engazi yindinisa yani, ninyamezele ngeenjongo zakhe, idolo yaye nesisa, omnye ke omkhulu ngexesha lakhe. amandla Creative, ukuba nentsusa kwento ezikhethekileyo yokucinga, i siqonde emangalisayo kunye imidla eyahluka wenza uDavide discoverer kwiinkalo ezininzi Sciences ngqo.

Gilbert uDavide: ibhayografi emfutshane

UDavide wazalwa e Vela, ibekwe kufuphi Königsberg (Prussia). Ndazalwa ngoJanuwari 23, 1862, waba ngowokuqala-azalwe izibini - Otto noMariya. Gilbert wayengenguye mihla umntwana; yanjalo ubeka injongo lokujongisisa ngokupheleleyo yonke indawo yezibalo, yena Yayicombulula ingxaki nomdla kuye. Kunye kokugqitywa ngokwentshukumisa lokudala wafunda entsimini amanyathelo, uDavide washiya abafundi bakhe. Ishiywa ngendlela ngokupheleleyo, ubafundise indlela efanelekileyo yaye wapapasha abalandeli nice tutorial. Gilbert luqhubeke ngenye indlela: ukuvakalisa unyaka wesikolo omtsha, ikhosi ngokukhethekileyo fundanga kuzo kwimathematika wayoyisa kunye nabafundi ngokumenywa. Ukuze ufumane kule khosi njengento impumelelo enkulu, nangona ngokwenene uqeqesho kunzima kakhulu.

Gilbert nabafundi bakhe

David Hilbert, ogama engobomi kubanga umdla isizukulwana lwangoku, wayenolwazelelelo nisekhaya ngokuthi abafundi loo mbono. Ukuba yintlantsi kuhluthe, ISAZINZULU yacebisa ngembeko ukuba ukuzama ngokwam ngohlobo olwahlukileyo yomsebenzi. Abanye abafundi Hilbert walandela icebiso katitshala baze babe iinjineli, zesayensi kunye ababhali. Lo profesa zange baqonde kulawo angoongqikana kwindawo Ndakugqala ke abantu ophantsi. Njengoko umntu ohloniphekileyo kakhulu benzululwazi, uDavide waba awohluke alo. Xa imozulu efudumeleyo, weza nokufundisa ihempe enemikhono emifutshane yomqala evulekileyo, nto leyo ezingafanelekileyo unjingalwazi, okanye ethwele amaqoqo intyatyambo neminqweno ezininzi. Yena kuza phezu ibhayisikile, ngokungathi ezinye uhlobo lwesipho, thatha isikhongozelo isichumiso. Noko ke, nangona echwayithile wakhe, uDavide Hilbert waba ngumntu pretty ezinzima kwaye akrwada bakwazi ukugxeka abo awafani imilinganiselo yakhe (ndicinge nzima kakhulu, oko kwenziwa apho lula, okanye ukuchaza ngokwanelisayo kucacile kwinqanaba umfundi).

Uphando lokuqala Hilbert

ikhono layo ukuyinyasha inzululwazi uDavide Hilbert, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane echazwe kweli nqaku, nangoku waziva e Koenigsberg, apho uvumo kwemathematika ukufundwa kancinane. Ngoko ke, zakhetha Göttingen cwaka - ukuqokelelwa site zemathematika German, Hilbert ngo-1895 bafudukela apho kunye ngempumelelo de 1933 - emva kokuba amandla Adolf Hitler.

izifundo zakhe Gilbert ukufunda kancinci, kungekho frills, kunye kophindo rhoqo ukuze siqonde konke oko. Kwakhona, uDavide wayedla izinto zangaphambili. iintetho Hilbert bakaThixo basoloko waqokelela eninzi yabantu: iholo nako nabitsya abantu amakhulu abaliqela zabekwa nkqu kwi windowsills.

UDavide waqalisa ukufunda algebra, ukuba ngqo - kunye notshintsho kwithiyori lwamanani. Ingxelo ndaba sisiseko incwadi yakhe.

Hilbert ekhaya

Lucky ubunga-, uDavide nelishwa entsatsheni. Ekunye nomfazi wakhe .UKäthe ke sivana kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa yena unyana wabo kuphela wazalwa ukuncokola. Ngoko ke, Gilbert bafumana Chicken kunxibelelwano nabafundi ezininzi - abameli amazwe aseYurophu kwaye American. Zezibalo rhoqo imibutho ukunyuka intaba kwaye amalungiselelo netheko iti, ngexesha apho iingxoxo ngezihloko zemathematika kakuhle engxoxweni zesiqhelo ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo. oonjingalwazi Prim German musa asiyazi le ndlela yonxibelelwano; ke igunya Davida Gilberta wenza ukuba lo mmiselo, nto leyo esizigubungeleyo zonke kulo abafundi ehlabathini imathematika.

Kungekudala izinto izibalo aljibra bafudukela kweli geometry, oko kukuthi, kwisithuba engenasiphelo. Amanqaku isiphelo ngokulandelelana, umsantsa phakathi kwabo kunye engile phakathi zithwala ezichongiweyo isithuba Hilbert - ukufana Euclidean.

Malunga wokubuyisela ukuze zenzululwazi ngqo

Kwiminyaka 1898-1899 uDavide Hilbert wapapasha incwadi iziseko geometry, yaba ethengwa. Kuyo wamnika inkqubo epheleleyo elikuwo geometry Euclidean, uzihlele zibe ngamaqela, ezama ukuchaza imida ngamnye kubo.

Le mpumelelo iye yakhokelela Hilbert ukuba ucinga ukuba ungenza isicelo inkqubo ecacileyo elikuwo eziyimfuneko kunye neenkcazo ngalinye yasendle zemathematika. Njengoko umzekelo isitshixo se yezibalo ukhethe jikelele ingcamango iiseti, kwaye kuwo - on okuqhubeka hypothesis yayingeyiyo Cantor kaThixo. David Hilbert wayekwazi ukungqina unprovable lo mbono. Noko ke, ngo-1931 i Austria Kurt Gödel oselula wabonisa ukuba postulates ngathi hypothesis kumanqwanqwa okuqhubeka, nto leyo ithathwa, kukho omnye Hilbert elikuwo okugunyazisiweyo theory iseti kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo elikuwo. Le ngxelo ibonisa ukuba uphuhliso inzululwazi akemi ngxi yaye soze uyeke, kodwa kuya kufuneka ixesha ngalinye ukuba zizakhele elikuwo ezintsha kunye neenkcazelo - into leyo yalungiselelwa ngokupheleleyo ngobuchopho bomntu. Gilbert wayesazi ngokusuka kumava akhe, ngoko wavuya ngokunyanisekileyo wafumanisa of Godel.

"Iingxaki Mathematical" Hilbert

Xa ndandineminyaka eli-38 ubudala xa i-Congress of Mathematicians e Paris, okunyusileyo kunye cream emalunga nenzululwazi xesha, Gilbert wathetha kwi "Iingxaki Mathematical", apho, njengoko mba wanikela ngezihloko ezibalulekileyo 23. Iinjongo eziphambili kwimathematika ngelo xesha, Hilbert zicingeleka inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni entsimini lenzululwazi (iseti ithiyori, geometry aljibra, uhlalutyo functional, logic zezibalo, ithiyori inani), iyileyo kwaqaqambisa imisebenzi ibalulekileyo ukuba ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 nokuba isonjululwe okanye wafumana ubungqina balo undecidability.

Umsebenzi sibalulekileyo kwimathematika

Ngenye imini abafundi abaselula wabuza Gilbert umbuzo wokuba yintoni umsebenzi, ngokwembono yakhe, kubaluleke kakhulu kwimathematika, waza wafumana impendulo umphengululi ukuguga: "Catch impukane kwicala elingasemva iNyanga" Ngu Hubert wathi, Uyithetha le ngxaki ayikho ingakumbi umdla, kodwa yintoni amathuba ungavula kwi isigqibo sayo! Yayiza malini khona ngalo yezinto ezibaluleke kunye nezi ubuchule ezinamandla!

Nokufaneleka Hilbert amagama kungqinwe ngobomi: kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kwasungulwa kweekhompyutha kwaba ukubala ngephanyazo kulo hydrogen. Discoveries ezifana ukugaleleka umntu wokuqala enyangeni, imozulu ehlabathini lonke, uqala zwi waba uhlobo yi-kwimveliso izisombululo. Ngelishwa, Gilbert wafumana ithuba lokuba abe lingqina iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ezifana.

Kwiminyaka yakhe kamva, waxakwa Professor wabukela ekuweni yesikolo kwemathematika Göttingen, ithatha indawo phantsi amaNazi. Wafa uDavide Hilbert, sezibalo, wenze igalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwinzululwazi, Februwari 14, 1943 kwimiphumo ingalo eyaphukileyo. Unobangela yokufa ngokwasemzimbeni imathematika nokungakwazi.