DAC sound: indlela test

Ayizizo zonke umsebenzisi computer uyaqonda ukuba eneneni lo DAC. Isandi siviwe yonke into, kodwa yiloo ndlela kusetyenzwa ngayo, njengoko kuvela, zezona iyunithi ngokwayo. Xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo sihloko kuya kuba ngakumbi kancinane kungena uhlobo yokuqonda isandi kunye nezixhobo nokuzala ngayo.

Yintoni DAC? Umsindo: ulwazi olusisiseko

Abanye abantu ngempazamo abakholelwa ukuba DAC - lo kumqhubekekisi kumbindi odiyo. Okunye kuba kunjalo. Kodwa enyanisweni, i-DAC i rhoqo-to-analog lokuguqulela, odlulisela uphawu odiyo, yaye uhlobo onjalo, nto leyo kwasephakadeni, abantu abevanga kwabantu.

Apha kufuneka ukuba wenze umahluko phakathi umqondiso lwedijithali kunye analog. Iteknoloji esetyenziswa kwi "mzobo" okanye xa idijithali umsindo, iquka ubuchule isoftware processing, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba abalandeli kweerekhodi IVinyl ukuphulaphula irekhodi efanayo kwi CD / DVD-drives nje kuphela ngenxa yokungabikho sokusila ezithile ezintweni yintloko diamond lomdlali xa uthinte ipleyiti .

Analog processing yayisetyenziswa yokuqala yokukhulisa ityhubhu kunye bayotywe tape recorder. Ezifana nezixhobo zisekhona luxhaphakile phakathi zobungcali iimvumi abazama add yesandi wakhe ezaqanjwa abathile ubushushu.

iimpawu frequency

YelaseAkaya isandi DAC kunye yokwandisa, kuxhomekeka kwisixhobo imveliso umqondiso, ngamanye amazwi, ikhadi lesandi. Kodwa loo nto bonke. A indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa izithethi njengoko izithethi efanayo (isithethi) kunye yokukhulisa.

Apha simele siqonde ukuba akukho nkqubo iza lokuyivelisa isandi parameters ngezantsi amathuba saundkarty. Ukususela namhlanje, ukuba anithanga ukuya iinkcukacha ngokusebenza izixhobo ezinjalo, i engcono ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• amaza isampuli kwi 48 kHz (kwi standard 44,1 kHz);
• ubunzulu 24 okanye 32 amasuntswana (nangona amasuntswana eqhelekileyo 16);
• isantya sebhithi 320 kbit / s kunye nangaphezulu (nangona ngomgangatho 128 KB / s).

Okuninzi iinketho

Njengoko parameters frequency kufuneka athathe ingqalelo into yokuba nesandi DAC ukuguqula nga usebenzisa isandi parameters kwasephakadeni, abantu abevanga kwabantu. Kubalulekile ukuba ahlale phezu koko ukuva.

Imida kuluhlu lwethu ukuva ukusuka 16 Hz 20 kHz (ngamanye amaxesha 22 okanye 24, kodwa oku kunqabile). Bonke isandi DAC ezinkulu ithathwa kule kuluhlu. nganeno kwi indlela yokuvavanya, ecetywayo ngomnye imithombo intanethi owaziwa kakhulu.

Inkqubo ecetywayo uvavanyo DAC

Yokuvavanywa amacebo athatyathiweyo ngokubanzi yangaphandle, hayi ezimanyeneyo saundkart kuba kukholelwa ukuba iimpawu umyalelo ubukhulu ephantsi kuthelekiswa izixhobo zangaphandle.

NgokoMthetho zisetyenziswe isandi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuya DAC uvavanywa ngokusekelwe AudioDoctor FSQ 2006 ubugcisa, leyo, Noko ke, babedalelwe ukuvavanya iinkqubo imoto odiyo, yaye kamva kuphela zilungiswe ukuze ikhaya le. Devices, obizwa ngokuba DAC, elidityaniswe ngqo nge USB-interface kunye yi S / PDIF usebenzisa RCA iziphumo esingangqinelaniyo (iziphumo elungeleleneyo XLR unakho ukubonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kakhulu).

ngendima wabelwa Converter M2Tech HiFace Evo, apho kuguqula iifayile kwi fomathi kakhulu efundeka. Uvavanyo mandatory lwenziwa kusetyenziswa abaqhubi ASIO.

Rating DAC sinochuku isandi

Esibonise umphumo? DAC Rating kwi isandi ofanayo koku kulandelayo:

• Asus Ute III;
• Burson Audio Umqhubi Virtuoso 9018;
• Cary Audio DAC100;
• Kumenze 2Qute;
• Densen DenDAC 50;
• Fostex HP-A8;
• North Star Design Supremo;
• Na HA-1.

Ulandelelwano lunemiqathango kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi nangakumbi elizimeleyo lweempawu isandi, kunye nexabiso.

Noko ke, Cary Audio abakolu luhlu lubonisa indlela yokusebenza ephezulu kunye nesandi, kunye Ububnz bestereo. Kwakhona, musa ukulibala ukuba rating DAC isandi ibandakanya ezinye iimpawu ezingafakwanga kumaxwebhu obhaliso lwabafundi olu hlobo yesixhobo.

Ukusebenzisa amakhadi sound

Zidlulisele zenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe amakhadi yesandi. Njani na DAC? ZeSandi (Umgaqo nokusebenza kuqinisekiswa) ivezwa isekelwe phezu ukuguquka yomqondiso yedijithali kwi kwigalelo ukuya ikhowudi yokubini, ixabiso ngalinye kufanekisela zinamandla athile, ngoku kwentlawulo.

Izixhobo ADC asebenza kumgaqo umva. Kodwa ukuba ukhangela nje DAC, isandi, inkcazelo inguqu leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi ivezwa kuphela ngokusekelwe ikhowudi yegalelo. Ukuze inkqubo luvo usebenzisa iteknoloji PCM eqhelekileyo. Abaninzi, mhlawumbi, nikelani ingqalelo ukuba iifayili-WAV eqhelekileyo ziphawulwe ngokukodwa njengoko PCM.

Kodwa bambalwa zifumaneka kuphela DAC. I-processing uphawu isandi nokukotshwa kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izixhobo software efanelekileyo ekuthiwa codecs hayi. Bathi nje kumisa ku saundkarta uyakwazi ukubona iinkcukacha engenayo kunye lokuyivelisa isandi evela abantetho isisiXhosa. Codecs kunye converters kule senzo kwimeko njenge ibhulorho phakathi ikhowudi ethile lwamanani kwaye 'nentsimbi' isixhobo (efanayo ngendlela a iDirectX).

amakhadi zandi, apho isisekelo ukusetyenziswa DAC, wena becala kunxulumene izixhobo zangaphandle, ayinakususwa, esifakelwe slot kwi motherboard, singasathethi ke chips isandi esihlangeneyo ezifana Intel umsindo Realtek.

DAC (umnqongo isandi lwangaphandle ukuthini) uyakwazi phambili iindlela zayo (kuba oku wadala). Kodwa ukuze udlulise uphawu alungiswa ukuya isixhobo sokudlala kufuneka kwaye yasebenza kakuhle. Kwaye apha ngaphandle iinkqubo ukundululwa ulawulo, ekuthiwa abaqhubi, kubalulekile.

abaqhubi device

Uninzi amakhadi isandi iinkqubo ze naluphi na uhlobo yokusebenza uzimisele ngokuzenzekelayo. Abaqhubi zifakwa kwi ledatha yayo. Noko ke, ezinye izixhobo angafuna ufakelo manual, hayi abaqhubi kuphela, kodwa ke codecs ezinxulumeneyo (umzekelo, ipasile K-Lite codec Pack).

Ngangenini kolu hlobo neenkqubo zonke DAC kuvelisa ufakelo isandi elungileyo okanye abaqhubi uhlaziyo (uhambisana ukuba umhla), kukhethwa ngoncedo updates ezizodwa software oluzenzekelayo. Omnye wabo yi eluncedo Umqhubi Okunika ukuba ekuqaleni zingafumaneka kwi umenzi yentsimbi resource Internet, uze ukulandwa umqhubi yesixhobo zakutshanje ngokuzenzekelayo ibhaqa kwaye ihlanganise ngayo le nkqubo.

software

processing sound ngokusebenzisa i-DAC kunokwenzeka ngaphandle software efanelekileyo. Malunga codecs kunye nabaqhubi sele utshilo. Kodwa nanku ehleli luphawu ngokupheleleyo isandi, okanye imveliso odiyo, njengoko iinjineli ezininzi isandi, ayikwazanga kuveliswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa software.

Singasathethi ukufakelwa abaqhubi, kungakuhle ukuba inkqubo yekhompyutha efana SoundMax. izixhobo ezinjalo, ngokuchaseneyo nenkqubo efanayo yokusebenza izixhobo likuvumela ukuba ulungise kakuhle urhwebo ngaphakathi.

Kuba processing audio kubhetele ukusebenzisa abahleli ezizodwa, apho, endleleni, unako ukutshintsha izicwangciso olungagqibekanga, kudibene nomlinganiselo isampuli kunye nobunzulu. Ukuba abaqhubi ASIO4ALL zifakelwe ngokunxuseneyo kwiqela lenjongo ukwanelisa eyona isandi ukutshintsha iimpawu ezifana nenani leesampuli (umz, 512, ongqamana ireyithi ukulibaziseka ka-10 ms), singasathethi umgangatho isandi (umz, beka ixabiso ayikho 44100 Hz, kwaye , bathi, 48 okanye 96 kHz).

Technology mobile

isandi Best kusuka smart kunye DAC kunokuba engenasizathu kakhulu ukuqikelela. Khawucinge nje, ngokuba okufanayo ivelise kwakhona ezitsho ephantsi iyafuneka esihambelanayo isithethi ububanzi of intshi-32. Kwaye apho kwifowuni yakho okanye tablet, kuya kuthabatha?

Noko ke, kuqala elinokunikwa balime ekuqaleni kubekwe eyamazibulo entsimini yokujongwa uphawu kunye wabaseki olu hlobo zobugcisa. Sony Corporation - isiqinisekiso engaqhelekanga.

Xa ukhetha icebo ukuze kukhethwe onobuhle lwezindlu plastiki, kuba ku vangama ka isandi kuzo ngeempawu zazo kunye nqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu. Metal umzimba nokuba ukufakela converter kakhulu ezinamandla khangela buthathaka kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa kuphela yokuba intsimbi libambe isandi. Ngaphezu koko, lo elikhulu isithuba phakathi isandisi nokuzala engundoqo kunye isiciko sangasemva, kokukhona kungcono vangama. Kodwa kufuneka ungayibaxi, njengokuba sokucoceka enkulu kakhulu kunokubangela iziphumo ezingalindelekanga, Thumela okanye ekungqungqeni, okanye ngaphezulu nje, isandi ngokushiywa in version yayo yoqobo.

Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo

Njengoko kucacile, ne-DAC isandi inkqubo esekelwe kwi-digital okubini ikhowudi, esebenzisa notshintsho ombane kunye rhoqo. Kodwa apha nathi simele siqonde ukuba kuphela iimpawu ezinjalo olu hlobo kwidivayisi zivinjwe. Phakathi zonke iparameters ezisetyenziswa ngayo inkcazelo DAC ngasinye ingafumaneka amaxabiso ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ezifana frequency-ngumtshangatshangiso iparameters PCM kwezwi. Le nto kanye umgaqo ezingundoqo ngokupheleleyo zonke converters.

Kwimeko kwecacileyo, uhlalutyo uphawu igalelo kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo zisekelwe kumgaqo UPawulos amaxabiso ombane, zangoku ntlawulo leyo ngokwemimiselo yedijithali ingathatha nokuba ixabiso kwiqanda okanye omnye (kusekelwe phezu kweemeko yesicelo lwekhowudi yokubini).

Ngokwahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo parameters ezifana bit, maxa wambi ebizwa kwakhona isigqibo, okanye inyathelo quantization, uphawu ukutshintshwa Nyquist frequency (isampulu), uluhlu parameters uphawu igalelo, monotonicity, ukukhutshwa imveliso ngokutshintsha idata ngexesha elithile, isiphoso offset phakathi kweyona uphawu kunye parameters ezifunyenweyo njengoko iimpawu ezingezo-linearity "bumnandi", engundoqo kunye mahluko kule umahluko umahluko waphawula ngokwemizuzu O Imiqondiso dnyh.

ukuze naleyo transistor ukuya apho kuthe kwenyuka ithunyelwe DAC ixabiso nganye ikhowudi yokubini. converters iingcingo zombane zahlulwe zibe ngaxeshanye kunye serial. Sekunjalo, basayenza amaziko mbane, Ngokusebenza kunye neziphumo.

izixhobo ezininzi zakhiwa ngokusekelwe isizalo R - 2R, leyo yenye yezona eziqhelekileyo kunye nezakhiwo njengangoku ukusetyenziswa, esebenzisa amaxabiso ukumelana ezimbini kuphela, kunye nezinye ke umlinganiselo we-2: 1. Ngenxa yoko, i-DAC liye lancitshiswa iindlela ezimbini uvavanyo: nokuzimisela ombane kunye zangoku kwi eqhelekileyo reverse ividiyo. Oku liluphumeza rhoqo lwe ukuvimba i parameter kunye nokungabikho kwemisinga capacitive. Kodwa ke sithintelo kukuba lo mthombo ukuba imeko reference kuba phambi ukuvimba ophantsi kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, akunakwenzeka ukuthumela uphawu ukusebenzisa i resistor elidityaniswe kuyo kuthotho ukuya kumthombo reference. Kodwa eli cebo, uxhulumano kuvame efunekayo ukwenza emhlabeni.

Kufuneka kwakhona ukhankanye ekuthiwa-ogudle-sigma kwezwi, nenoxanduva umgangatho kwi-frequency kweesampula. Ukuguqulwa (quantization) lwenziwa kunye inye, apho amashumi okanye amakhulu yamaxesha aninako igqithe Nyquist frequency esisiseko. I filter zelwe asetyenziswe kwenye ukuguquka uphawu eqongeni, yokubini utshintsho ukulandelelana ikhowudi ngokongeza amaqanda kwimisinga data ephantsi-rhoqo kunye neeyunithi - kuba aqhelelkileyo.

Ekubeni uninzi izinikezeli zombini lobuninzi esebenzayo kunye izidubuli xa ukuvavanya ukuchaneka sele kufikelelwa kuphela xa usebenzisa aya omncinane yokumpompoza umva, leyo kusehla inductance kweentambo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, - lisibekele ingxolo. In nkqu imiphumo hero enyovwayo zinganikwa umzekelo. Guitarists bazi ukuba elide intambo ukusuka isiginkci ukuya 'izinto ", kokukhona kwisiqalo. Le meko kakuhle ibonisa nokuqonda nomba.

DAC nomthwalo kuqhagamshelwa ngokuthe ngqo. Kodwa ukuba oku kusetyenziswa isixhobo eyongezelelweyo efana ombane okanye inverting op amp acting njenge buffer okanye matcher. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka ukuba uqwalasele umbuzo oyicinezelayo nasiphi na isikimu. Sicebisa usebenzise ekudaleni iziza ezahlukeneyo inxalenye lwedijithali kunye analog, kuba ingxolo evela kumacandelo yedijithali anganefuthe inxalenye analog ye-network. Oku kufezekiswe usebenzisa ucingo obhityileyo okanye usebenzisa maleko ezimbini zangaphakathi kabini kumngxuma.

kunokuba nesiphumo

Kakade ke, kukho eminye imigaqo enzululwazi ingqalelo kunye nemiba yobugcisa ukuba umsebenzisi eziqhelekileyo ngokubanzi, yinto engenamsebenzi. Kodwa, xa iingcinga yesibini, maxa wambi ithiyori ulwazi kunokuba luncedo kakhulu. Okufanayo uluhlu ikhadi lesandi akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ulwazi imiba engundoqo enxulumene-siseko ukusebenza kwawo kunye nokusebenza echanekileyo inkqubo yekhompyutha.

Mhlawumbi abanye abantu baye kodwa waqonda ukuba amahlwempu isandi umgangatho izithethi, uhlobene ngqo izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo. Ngaloo saundkarta esetyenziselwa ukudlalwa uphawu yedijithali ibe uhlobo yayo analog, kufuneka kubekho kuphela uhlobo lwangaphandle. Kuyinto ezi zixhobo kukuvumela ukuba ukuva yonke into ihlanganiswe okanye kwiphakati ingadlali. Bakholelwa ukuba ama-80 ekhulwini amatyala, ingxaki ilele kanye kulo. Hi ndlela leyi, iinkonzo ezininzi ezifana iTunes, Hilltown okanye enye into, "tsolo" ngaphantsi nje ukusetyenziswa DAC. Kukho kokumisa nokuba ezikhethekileyo station ngohlobo izixhobo zangaphandle idityaniswe iPod wakho, ndingasathethi kwezinye izinto mobile.

Ayisafuni nakucaciswa yona into yokuba esi lokugqibela indima edlalwe yi-lizwi okanye headphones, kuba esiqhelekileyo isicatshulwa isandi kwesithethi, amathuba aphelela isandi iimpawu kwinqanaba 20-10 000 Hz, nje akunakwenzeka. Ngoko ke, inkoliso izixhobo ngohlobo izipikha akufunekanga ukuba isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo iselula. Xa kuziwa koko, kutheni ukuphulaphula umculo headphones K99, iveliswayo i AKG, okanye sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo evela Sennheiser? Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho namhlanje mkhulu ngokwaneleyo.

Njengokuba kude njengoko nobugcisa uvavanyo, esele kuxoxwe ngasentla, akunakwenzeka ukuba baqonde ngaphandle ulwazi ubuncinane ezisisiseko yemvelo ukuba achaze uhlobo kwamaza isandi, kunye zobunjineli zombane, kuba olu qeqesho ubonelela ngenkqubo-sikhokelo siyiqonde nayiphi na yombane. Kwaye, kakade, wanikwa kuphela ulwazi isishwankathelo olusisiseko malunga ezi converters umqondiso. Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi ngalo mba, kungakuhle ukufunda iincwadi ezongezelelweyo.