Kandalaksha State Reserve

Ukukhusela iindawo zendalo ukufunda esikolweni ngaphakathi ingqeqesho "Natural". Kandalaksha Reserve - akukho ngaphandle. Ibanga phezu kwendawo weehektare ngaphezu amahlanu anesibhozo amawaka kwi kummandla mmandla Murmansk kwaye igqalwa uvimba ukukhusela abaninzi zasemanzini. Uninzi kuyo - ulwandle Barents. Malunga iintaka ezihlala kule ndawo ekhuselweyo ngurhulumente, babhala nje kuphela kwiincwadi zezifundo. flora Local nezilwanyana ingqalelo iinkcukacha umbhali odumileyo V. Bianchi.

Indaba

Njengoninzi nezinye iindawo zolondolozo lwendalo kunye iipaki zesizwe eRashiya, Kandalaksha wadalwa ukuze kulondolozwe iintlobo ezithile izilwanyana neentaka. Kulo mzekelo, eider eqhelekileyo, nto idume phantsi kwayo aphesheya inexabiso elikhulu. Ngowe-1932, xa ukubulawa mthethweni yeentaka, ukutshatyalaliswa iindlwane yayo kunye namaqanda nokuqokelela ziyathengiswa yafikelela izikali ahlabayo, yaye kwasekwa myezo. Ekuqaleni LITHILE isiseko lwenzululwazi apho ornithologists baye bafunda iintaka eziphila kulo mmandla. Ngokuthe ngcembe inani neentaka zamanzi lonyuke.

inani

Emva kwexesha elithile, i Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve yadluliselwa kwiOfisi nekomiti efanelekileyo. Oku kwandisa ulawulo phezu kwindawo ekhuselweyo nokwandisa imida yayo namhlanje.

Okwangoku, kunzima ukuba zazi ukubaluleka ngamazwe le Kandalaksha Nature Reserve, ibekwe loo manzi Bay ukuze nokulondolozwa kwendawo neentaka zasemanzini.

iimeko ezindawo

Le ndawo yendalo okhuselweyo ibekwe kunxweme yoLwandle Barents kwaye kwitheku elincinane le-White. Sun Kandalaksha kwenzeke ukuya kwiintsuku ezisibhozo emgceni, nawayenxuse Seven Islands - malunga namashumi amane. Noko ke, nkqu ngexesha polar izilwanyana ubusika ebusuku ngokuphila yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla.

Kandalaksha Reserve ibekwe kwindawo zemozulu, iphenjelelwa nokungena Murmansk. Le peculiarity ye iimeko zendalo na ummandla wamanzi kukuba amachaphaza amakhulu ubushushu, ukupholisa ezibukhali yaye okuye kwaphawuleka kuzo zonke amaxesha onyaka.

ukukhululeka

Isakhiwo zejoloji inkalo apho athatha Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve, amatye kakuhle walondoloza umdla ukuba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-billion ezintathu. Elimi kwabunjwa phantsi kwempembelelo glaciations ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Emangalisayo enhle beach, wave ukuqhekezwa upper wabumba ukusuka kuluhlu iingqalutye elwandle kuvuleke. Total Kandalaksha Nature Reserve ongumnini izinto ezimashumi mathathu anantlanu zejoloji ukuba ubume ezikhumbuzo zendalo.

Oku kuquka iziqithi phantse amane anamashumi amahlanu ukuba abe iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezakhiwo, iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo - ezingxondorheni ze kwimimandla kwintshinyela yehlathi. Ahla imijelo kunye namachibi kwi bit reserve. Bonke bephela ezincinane kakhulu. Le inkulu - ukujula yeemitha elishumi - nabakhulu Kumyazhe Serkinskoe.

Flora

Kandalaksha Reserve igubungele yayo zizityalo luquka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe amathandathu anamashumi mathathu. Kunxweme yoLwandle White kunye iziqithi esilawulwa pine kunye nespruce. Kukho izityalo ezininzi, lifana ngaselwandle - sedges, zengca kanti elithi.

Nezimbuku Nature Reserve yahlulwe sedge, umqhaphu ingca kunye ityholwana - ngokuxhomekeke izityalo, ukuba evelele. Noko ke, amadama azikho zizityebi zengca ezinkulu. Ngalima esemacaleni ngengcongolo zange kwenza iintshinyela ezishinyeneyo.

Kwiindawo apho ukufumba ulwandle herring ama, uhlaza zahlukahlukene kakhulu, njengoko umhlaba kule iindawo ivundiswe kakuhle. Apha uyakwazi ukubona elikhulu-chamomile, chickweed, eyebright kunye nangwevu, buttercup, njl

imfuyo

Kandalaksha Reserve ezimalunga omnye anamashumi amathandathu entlobo izilwanyana basekuhlaleni. Kwezi, iintlobo ezingamashumi amabini ananye ezanyisayo, elinamanci mathathu amane - iintaka, iintlobo ezimbini ezirhubuluzayo, ezintathu - eziphila.

izilwanyana ezitya ezinye njengeengcuka, wolverine kunye ingcuka, zixhaphakile kakhulu kwisiqithi Ozukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho kumiwa isigxina, njengoko lo mmandla mncinane kakhulu kubo.

Kwi ekufuphi site Great kukho ibhere ababini okanye abathathu. I-Reserve njalo iingcuka ubomi kunye marten, weasel kunye ermine kunye ngoboya. amanani zabo azikwazi kuthiwe ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kubukho kweempuku ezincinane.

Hare - uboya izilwanyana ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu, ehleli phezu zonke iziqithi reserve. Ebusika kubanda kakhulu apha kwaye maxa wambi kukho amabhere. Phezu amachibi, apho uhlaza, wafumana udada muskrat ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye siqithi kwaye khetha eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo ukuze baphile.

Ukususela izilwanyana ezincane voles eziqhelekileyo kunye Lemmings ukuba kuvela ummandla kommandla ezikhuselweyo kuphela ngexesha yokufuduka zabo ubunzima.

iintaka

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ubomi capercaillie, icula omnyama, icula kunye nesakhwatsha, kwakunye ezinye iintlobo titmice, kwagcwala kunye cuckoos. Entwasahlobo, xa kukho iintaka ezifudukayo, ehlathini kuphila kwi yolondolozo lwendalo. Ingakumbi imihlambi emininzi yeentaka elunxwemeni, xa inqabe nompleyini kunye nespruce amahlathi. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana redwing, icula, partridges, izilwanyana ezitya njengoko kestrel, merlin kunye yesikhova nesihuluhulu. Le migxobhozo iingcambu sandpipers kunye sandpiper iinkuni, snipe kunye ulit enkulu.

izityalo eyodwa ekhuselekileyo

Nangona zonke iintlobo zebhayoloji ukuba bahlala Kandalaksha reserve wosindiswa, nangona ibhalwe iintlobo ezininzi apha ezinqabileyo ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book of zombini Russia kunye nommandla Murmansk. Zinelungelo ngokomthetho ezikhuselweyo ngokukhethekileyo.

Ukusuka Red Zencwadi yommandla Murmansk ziphawuleka engamashumi amane anambini ekhulwini inani elipheleleyo isengozini, abahlanu leyo - oko amakhowa, amashumi amathathu anesine - ukuba ulele, liverworts ezimashumi mabini, le moss yegqabi efanayo. Phakathi ekuyo iintlobo ezintandathu ezikhuselweyo ngokukodwa intlanzi, abameli ababini ezirhubuluzayo eziphila, neentaka ezimashumi mane anesibini kwaye ezinye ezincancisayo.

Izityalo afumaneka kummandla Kandalaksha Bay, yaye naphi na ehlabathini bazibonise becala kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo. Phakathi kwabo uhlalutye siqithi, yaye arctic Jongilanga beloyazychkovy edandelion.

Animals ngokukodwa Protected

I-Reserve neentlobo mabini anesixhenxe. Kuba amatywina Atlantic ndiyingwevu, kwakunye cormorants ezinkulu crested Atlantic Kandalaksha Reserve - i yokuhlala engundoqo kunye ukuvelisa zonke weRashiya. Ngapha koko, apha indlu eider eqhelekileyo (leyo, enyanisweni, yaba ekuqaleni wadala kule ndawo ezikhuselweyo), ukhozi yegolide, nenkqo, njengeyona nesangxa, ukhozi emhlophe-ezinomsila, merlin kunye yaseScandinavia Ring Ouzel. nezilwanyana zaselwandle ngokukodwa Protected zithathwa iintlobo ezininzi iminenga kunye dolphins, kwakunye itywina eqhelekileyo, ibhere elimhlophe kunye isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade.

uphando

Kandalaksha Reserve, abaphandi abo benza umsebenzi wayo ukususela ekuqalweni kwayo, ekuqaleni kubekwe ngokwalo njengendawo apho nantoni na efunekayo ukuze ugcine labemi amadada eider. Ngeli xesha elifutshane pre-imfazwe siya ziyabanjwa uphando lokuqala ngonaphakade omkhulu zaselwandle, nto leyo ekugqibeleni waba Classic.

Emva kwemfazwe uluhlu yomsebenzi sele kancinane lwandiswe. Ukongezelela iqhubheka ekufundweni eziphilayo ezinye zaselwandle apha yaqalisa inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo ukwenzela ukuchaza wolondolozo, izityalo kunye kwaselwandle kwamaza uluntu.

Ekubeni iziphumo zonke ngqwalasela standard zidibene kuxwebhu yonyaka ingxelo, wathetha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo :. "yeembali Uhlobo kwi Kandalaksha Reserve" Yena isishwankathelo sangoku esweni eziphilayo, yaye iquka iinkcukacha kuphuhliso bioprocesses onyaka. Olu xwebhu ichaza imiqathango kwezityalo nezidubula kunye fruiting yezityalo ezahlukeneyo, isiqalo nesiphelo kwentwasahlobo okanye ekwindla yokufudukela, inkqubo lokuvelisa izilwanyana kunye nolwazi malunga neenombolo zabo.