Cwangcisa i amandla eziphathekayo, kuxhomekeke ubushushu: ishedyuli

Enye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo umgangatho eziphathekayo ngamandla alo. Ukuba ukhangela imigangatho karhulumente, ngoko bathe bafumanana iimeko ucinezelo. Ngokutsho kwabo, amandla kunokuba kulingana isiphelo M50-800. Njengokuba elinye lisetyenziswe sivame uphawu zesamente ukuya M-500. abakhi abaninzi zobungcali kunye nabaphuhlisi abazimeleyo uthathe ingqalelo ucwangciso iseti amandla eziphathekayo. Ngaye, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Ngokuba wena, olu lwazi kunokuba luncedo, ekubeni kuwo Ungafumanisa ngenxa kwexesha emva wokuxuba umxube angaqalisa umsebenzi ngakumbi. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa ukwakhiwa kusenokubandakanya ekulayisheni izakhiwo eziphathekayo. Ngokufuthi kunye kwimeko iziseko, nekufuneka zigcinwe ezingama-28 phambi kokuqala kokwakhiwa iindonga.

Beka amandla ishedyuli

Cwangcisa namandla ngekhonkrithi ngokuxhomekeke lobushushu kumiselwa igrafu emele ixesha lekhefu. Kule nkqubo, isisombululo uba iipropati zokusebenza, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba enze ukuyilwa umaleko iphele. Ishedyuli enganyangekiyo - eli xesha, nto leyo eyimfuneko ukuze kufikelelwe imilinganiselo ezinqwenelekayo amandla eziphathekayo. Ukuba une iimeko eziqhelekileyo, ukwakhiwa uya liyakhula iintsuku ezingama-28.

Kwiintsuku ezi-5, uyakwazi ukubona ayengawokuphilisa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Emva kweli xesha umbandela ifikelela 70 amandla ekhulwini. umsebenzi elandelayo ifanele waqhubeka kuphela emva kweentsuku-28, kuba ngoko kuphela umbandela uya kufikelela 100 Inqanaba ekhulwini wokhuseleko.

Ukuqaqadeka wammisa amandla eziphathekayo kwenzeka ngenye indlela kwimeko nganye. Ukuze ukumisela ixesha, iimvavanyo kwiisampuli okwenziwa. Ukufudumala xa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu monolithic zokufumana iimpawu kangangoko ubume eminye imisebenzi eyenziweyo. Ngokomzekelo, izinto zigcinwa kwi formwork, kwaye washiywa ukuba zivuthwe emva kucingo ukususwa. Cwangcisa i amandla eziphathekayo, kuxhomekeke iqondo lobushushu liya kwenzeka kwixesha ngexesha elahlukileyo. Oku wachaza into yokuba imisebenzi ukuze kwenziwa ngethuba lonyaka kubanda. Kulo mzekelo, ukuphumeza amandla kwibakala kuyimfuneko ukubonelela zokufudumeza kunye nezinto eziphathekayo zingangenwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuhla lobushushu ukucola inkqubo polymerization.

Izincomo nente

Ukuze kukhawuleziswe ayengawokuphilisa nokwehlisa ixesha ndihlale na umbandela, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa peskobeton, apho amanzi aphantsi kukungciba ratio. Ukuba le nereshiyo-1 ukuya kwelesi-4, ixesha uya zixinaniswe kabini. Ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo enjalo, ukwakhiwa kufuneka zincediswe plasticizers. Ukunciphisa ixesha nokwanda kwezinto kwaye inga eyenziweyo ngokwandisa lobushushu.

Ukuxhomekeka ye inqanaba ayengawokuphilisa indicators lobushushu ezibonakalayo

Cwangcisa i amandla eziphathekayo, kuxhomekeke lobushushu umbandela luya kuqhubeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ebangeni olungundoqo sama- M-200 kunye M-300, nto leyo sele livaliwe ePortland isamente kunye namanqaku ku ezahlukene M-400 kunye M-500. Emini impahla ufikelela amandla compressive seepesenti ezintathu, ukuba ubushushu ilingana -3 ° C. Phantsi kweemeko ukuba umxube uya kuba iqondo lobushushu +30 ° C, amandla ngosuku kuya kuba-35%.

Kule amandla imini ezintathu ifikelela 8% xa ubushushu eziphathekayo iya kulingana -3 ° C. 60% ye amandla ziza kuphunyezwa xa amaqondo obushushu +30 ° C ngexesha elifanayo. Ukuba iqondo eziphathekayo iya kulingana +5 ° C iintsuku 28, inqaba umbandela iza kuba 77%. amandla Absolute ziza kuphunyezwa kwiintsuku ezili-14, ukuba ubushushu eziphathekayo ilingana +30 ° C.

ulawulo Process

Iqela amandla ngekhonkrithi ngokuxhomekeke lobushushu iye yetotshi ilayite. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukulandela inkqubo kwiveki yokuqala. Nemcimbi ejoliswe ekunikeni iimeko kuba sesichengeni, nobuchazwe:

• zokufudumeza electric;
• ukuxovwa;
• ukufukama umqobo ukufuma kunye nezinto ubushushu-zokwambathisa;
• amalahle umpu ubushushu.

Kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ingqalelo xa belele kwe komhlaba. Iveki enye emva kokwenza uyilo ukubunjwa inokufakwa, oku kuyinyaniso ukuba ubushushu umoya ilingana 25-30 ° C.

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi kwi zigaba ephilisa

Ukuqonda lo ngesamente wathulula kwenzeka ngosuku lokuqala emva yokulungiselela yayo. umakhi Private udinga ukuba ukwazi ukuxhomekeka iseti amandla eziphathekayo lobushushu lomoya. Ngokomzekelo, xa imozulu efudumeleyo, xa ubushushu wangaphandle kwisithuba 20 ° C, kuhluthwe izinto kuya kwenzeka kwisithuba seeyure. Le nkqubo iza kuqalisa xa isibini kwiiyure, ubalo kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba emva amacandelo wokudibanisa, yaye yagqitywa emva kwe-3.

ixesha cool

Xa imozulu ebandayo ukuqala nokuphela lokutshona ngomdla. Ukuze siyiqonde ngaphezu kokuba mini iya kuba ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba amaqondo obushushu ku- zero, ngoko ke inkqubo iya kuqala phezu iiyure ezi-6 emva kokuba ukuxuba. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-20, eli xesha esibuyel'emva luqala emva kokuba isisombululo iya kuba formwork. On ixesha ngemini eshushu lifinyele. Oku kubonisa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha sentlalo kufuneka nje imizuzu eli-10.

viscosity Ukuncipha yezisombululo

Kufuneka kufundwa ngamandla kokuqeshwa ngekhonkrithi, ngokuxhomekeka kumaqondo obushushu. Kubalulekile ukwazi nokunciphisa viscosity. In inyathelo lokuqala umxube baligcine ukushukumiseka. Ngeli xesha, impembelelo koomatshini ube mkhulu kakhulu umthwalo kwi eziphathekayo kunye nolwakhiwo apho kusenokwenzeka ukuba shape. Ukwandisa ephilisa inyathelo unako thixotropy, nto leyo eya kunceda ekunciphiseni viscosity ngelixa likwabonelela inyathelo ngoomatshini.

Umzekelo kakhulu ibiya kuba isisombululo, asidubaduba abe Umxhubi eziphathekayo. Ngeli xesha, umxube iya kuhlala ixesha elide kweli kwinqanaba lokuqala. Kodwa Mayisoloko ikhunjulwa into yokuba uninzi iinkqubo kubangela utshintsho ezingenakuguqulwa kwi yesisombululo, nto leyo ichaphazele umgangatho ngesamente lukhuni. Ngokomzekelo, ngokukhawuleza eyenzekayo "Ukutywinwa" ehlotyeni.

isigaba lukhuni

Iqela amandla eziphathekayo, ukuhlela ixesha ichazwa kwinqaku iqala emva sentlalo. Le nkqubo nangoku hayi ngaphezulu kwaye kwiminyaka embalwa. Kodwa emva kweeveki ezi-4, uyakwazi ukuchaza uphawu eziphathekayo. Amandla kwezinto baya kugaywa ngezantya ezahlukeneyo. Amandla eliphezulu yale nkqubo iza kuqhutywa ngexesha kwiintsuku ezisi-7. Kwiintsuku ezintathu zokuqala phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, amandla ufikelela-30% yexabiso kweediliya. Kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala isisombululo ufikelela-70% ye-inqaba ixabiso lowu. Emva kweenyanga ezi-3 sale khetho kunyuka nge-20%, emva kokuba inkqubo bazakucotha phantsi, kodwa wayeka. 3, isalathiso unakho kuvuka 2 amaxesha.

Ukongezelela, isiphumo lobushushu okukufutshane kwi impahla lukhuni

Cwangcisa amandla eziphathekayo, ingakumbi, igrafu echaziweyo kwinqaku kuxhomekeke obushushu. Ezibandayo oko, icotha uya kwandisa amandla. Kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi le nkqubo wayeka ngokupheleleyo njengoko amanzi, ukanti inika ukuxovwa ngesamente. Ngenxa yokwanda lobushushu, iseti iza kuqhubeka. Kodwa ngoxa kuncitshiswa inkqubo uza kuyeka kwakhona. Ukuba ikhona kwi modifiers ekwakhiweni, lifinyele ixesha lukhuni, ngoxa lobushushu apho nkqubo wayeka, lifinyele.

imixube Efumanekayo fast inokufumaneka ukuba bayakwazi aqhoboshele kuyo uphawu amandla eziphathekayo emva kweeveki-2. Ekubeni okuye kuya kunciphisa inkqubo ekukhuleni umbandela, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba kwi-40 ° C ixabiso kweediliya ekufikelelwe kuso emva iintsuku ezisi-7. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukuthululwa ikhonkrithi kufuneka yenziwe imozulu eshushu. Ebusika ukuqinisekisa iimeko eziqhelekileyo ifuna ubushushu umbandela, kwaye ngokunokwabo ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo kuba yingxaki, kuba nezixhobo ezizodwa iyafuneka. Ukongeza, isicombululo lenziwa lashushu 90 ° C nangaphezulu ayamkeleki.

isiphelo

Ishedyuli iseti amandla eziphathekayo, ephilisa iimeko kufuneka kufundwa phambi kokuba baqalise umsebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, ngokocwangciso, uya kukwazi ukubona, ngenxa nasiphi na isixa ixesha enokwenziwa bamhluba izakhiwo monolithic. Ukususa formwork iya kwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba amandla umbandela kune-50% yexabiso kweediliya.

Nceda khumbula ukuba kumhlathi lihla ngezantsi +10 ° C, eli xabiso sifikelelwayo, yaye kwiiveki ezi-2 emva kokuba potting. Phantsi kwezi meko kuyimfuneko ukuba bacinge malunga isisombululo shushu. ixesha Regulatory ekhuselekileyo liqingqwe kwi-50 amandla ekhulwini. Koko uvela emsebenzini ngakumbi kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba ixabiso isisombululo kweediliya ifikelela 80%.