BRDM-2: kulungelelana, ukusebenza, umvelisi, ifoto. kwesimo vehicles nemoto patrol

Ngaphezulu kweyeshumi leminyaka edlulileyo i-Soviet Army yamkela i-BRDM-2. IRashiya yaqhubeka yokwakha izixhobo zemikhosi. Lo matshini unokufumaneka kwiindawo zokuqeqesha zempi kude kube ngoku. Yaye kungekhona kuphela eRashiya, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Kukho nethuba lokuthenga i-BRDM-2 kwindalo yokusebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko awaziwa ukuba imoto iya kuziphatha njani emva kokuhamba kwexesha elide lihlala iminyaka emininzi yeminyaka. Lo mshini uphelele ngokupheleleyo ngemisebenzi eyabelwe kuyo. Inokuthi ithathwa njengeyona nto ingcono kwi sithuthi "into enokuyenza."

Imoto ekhuselekile inekhono eliphezulu lokuwela umhlaba, umhlaba, izithintelo zamanzi, iimeko ezingekho komgwaqo, imifula kunye neengcingo. Ukushiya kuyo nayiphi na indawo kuya kunceda iivili ezongezelelweyo ezinokuqhagamshelaniswa ukuba ziyimfuneko. Ukuba ahluleka, i-winch iya kunceda. Imoto inezinga eliphezulu lempahla kunye nokukhuselwa komonakalo wangaphandle. Umnyuli wokulwa uquka izibhamu zomshishini, izigqeba ze-grenade kunye nezinye izixhobo ezihlukeneyo.

Umenzi

Ukuqaphela ukukhusela kunye nomshini-2 we-BRDM (BRDM-2) wenziwe kwi-Gorky Automobile Plant phakathi ko-1963 no-1982. Emva koko, eminye iminyaka engama-7 umatshini wakhiqizwa kwi-Arzamas Machine-Building Plant. Ngexesha elifanayo, umveliso wasungulwa kwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwazo kwakuyiPoland, eCzechoslovakia, Yugoslavia.

Imbali yendalo

Ngowe-1962, iinqwelo zokulwa zaseRashiya ezikhoyo ziye zaxhaswa ngemodeli entsha, ebizwa ngokuba yi-BRDM-2. Yayenziwe ngabaqulunqi be-Special Bureau ye-Gorky Automobile Plant phantsi kolawulo luka-VA Dedkov. Le imoto yokulwa kufuneka ibe yinto yokutshintshwa kwe-BRDM-1 yangaphandle.

Imodeli yokuqala ibonakaliswe yimpembelelo ebalulekileyo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho injini ehamba phambili enegunya elinama-lititha angama-90 kuphela. Ngaloo nto,, amandla omlilo, ubunzima obunzima, akuvumeli ukuba uxhobise umatshini ngezixhobo ezongezelelweyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ekuqaleni kwe-1959, isebe elikhuselekile lelizwe likhuphe isabelo sobugcisa kwisityalo sokwakha umatshini ekudalweni komatshini kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo.

Iinqwelo zezempi ze-BRDM-2 zafuneka zinqobe izithintelo zamanzi kunye nemida. Kule nto, umatshini wawuxhotyiswe nge- propeller ye-jet kwi-hull, i-roll out-rollers, eqhutywe yi-injini enkulu.

Ngeli xesha, inkampani yaqalisa ukuveliswa kweloli-GAZ-66 (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Shishiga"). Ngombulelo, abaqulunqi bangathatha izinto eziphambili ukudala i-BRDM-2. Ukukhonjiswa komzekelo oyisisiseko kwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweenkcukacha ezininzi ukusuka eShigigi. Babenamabhuloho, ukuhanjiswa, iyunithi yamandla nezinye iindawo.

Imodeli entsha iyahluka kwiinguqulelo ezisisiseko

Iifoto ze-ATV zezikolo ezimbini zihluke phakathi kwabo ngokwezixhobo zobugcisa. I-BRDM-2 ineenzuzo ezininzi kwinani layo langaphambili:

• Ukuphucula ukusebenza komqhubi.

• Amandla okulwa okuphuculweyo.

• Umgangatho ophezulu ukhuseleko.

• Kwakukho ukhuselo lokulwa nenyukliya.

• Injini ifakwe kwi-back, eyaphucula ukuphululeka kwezithintelo zamanzi.

• Ukusebenza ngolwazi (ukufumana kwayo, ukusasazwa), isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yomnxeba.

Iimpawu ezinjalo zahlukile kwi-BRDM-2 entsha. Ifoto izakufaka utshintsho oluye lwachaphazela ukubonakala kwemoto. Isikhuselo esizikhuselekileyo sasilungele phakathi kowe-1960. Kodwa izinto ezitsha zokuhamba ngaphantsi kunye nokuthunyelwa kwazo azange zenziwe. Ngoko ke, babefanele bathathe okufanayo kwinguqu yangaphambili. Kulo miselo, ii-ATV zasemkhosini zathi zijongwa. Kodwa kwakhokelela ekuhlaziyeni amaninzi.

Ukungonakali komzekelo kunye nokupheliswa kwabo

Izithuthi zaseMpi ngexesha leemvavanyo zanikwa ingxelo elandelayo:

• I-torque, eyenziwa yi-injini enamandla, ayizange idluliselwe ngokudluliselwa kwayo yonke.

• Imoto yayingaqinisekanga kumagumbi. Oku kwaququzelelwa ngumzila omncinci wemoto, owakhelwe ngenxa yamabridgri asetshenziswe kwi "shishigi". Ngesizathu esifanayo, imoto ayikwazanga ukuhamba kunye nomkhondo wetanki.

• I-turret evulekile, ehlala kwindawo yokulwa, yayingakhuselekwanga ngolotolo. Ukongezelela, indawo evulekileyo isichasene nokhuselo lokulwa nenyukliya.

• Ngaphakathi kwemoto kwakukho indawo encinane kakhulu, eyayingeyanele ukuba abasebenzi basebenze.

• Umbono ongalunganga, ovalwe ngumzimba wemoto (ukujonga kwangemuva) kunye nomqhubi (umbono olungileyo).

Iiprototypes ze-BRDM-2, ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo, zamkelwa ngumkhosi. Kodwa ngokumangalisa kukuba, ukuveliswa kwempahla ayizange iqale. Oku kwaphazamiseka yimpikiswano kwi-turret evulekile engafanelanga impi. Ngoko ke, abaqulunqi kufuneka benze utshintsho kwiprojekthi yabo. Bafake i- spar ye-PKT kunye ne-CPVT ngemichilo emzimbeni ngqo phakathi komzimba wemoto. Ilungiselelo elinjalo alinakuphazamisa ubuchule (kubandakanywa nezithintelo zamanzi). Kodwa ngelo xesha i-shooter yayifihlakele ngaphakathi kwimizi, ingaqhuba umlilo. Umsebenzi wenkqubo yokukhusela i-athomu ayikwaphulwa. Ukungalungi kukunciphisa inani labasebenzi ngabanye. Indawo yangaphakathi yaba yincinci.

Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezihamba phambili kwahamba ngokukhawuleza. Kwaphela iminyaka engama-25, kuphela i-9.5,000 iimoto ezaveliswa.

I-BRDM-2: ukulungiswa kwimveliso

Ngexesha lemveliso yalo imoto iye yaphuculwa kaninzi. Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphandle, kunokwenzeka ukuhlula phakathi kwimizekelo yeyokuqala neminyaka yokugqibela.

Ngaloo ndlela, ii-ATV zangaphambili zempi zazinamacwecwe amabini, apho umoya wanikwa khona. Ukuba nomzobo we-trapezoidal, bavaliwe ngamabhodlela avulekileyo. Phakathi kwemveliso, iinqwelo ezimbini zineendlela ezibukhali kunye nezimpumputhe zivaliwe. Kwiimodeli ezikhutshwe kwii-70, ngaphezulu kweentsimbi zafakwa iintsimbi ezi-6, zangaphandle zifana ne-mushroom. Olu qulunqo luvumelekile ukukhusela injini.

Abadlali

Iinqwelo zokulwa zaseRashiya zenziwa ngabantu abane:

• UMlawuli.

• Umqhubi ngumatshini.

• I Scout.

• Scout, ngubani naye umshini womshini.

Umlawuli, kunye nomqhubi kwiimeko ezihambelayo, uqhuba uchungechunge ngokusebenzisa iifestile zokujonga, okokuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ivalwe kunye nezikhonkwane ezikhuselekile. Ngethuba lokulwa ukujonga, umlawuli-mlawuli usebenzisa i-periscope. Ukongezelela, kukho izixhobo ze-prism. Iiyunithi zabo ezine kumlawuli, kunye no-6 ngaphezulu kumatshini. Ukuhlolisisa indawo ebusuku, umlawuli kunye nomsebenzisi-mbonisi wokusebenzisa ubusuku bombono: i- TVN-2B kunye ne-TKN-1S, ngokulandelanayo. Ukungenelela ngaphakathi kungenokwenzeka ngeentsimbi eziphezulu kumzimba.

Ama-Scouts afakwe kumacala omgangatho wokulwa. Isihlalo esisigxina sinikezelwa ngamnye ngamnye. Ukuqwalaselwa kwendawo yokugqithisa kwenzelwa ngama-niches kunye nezixhobo ezintathu ze-prismatic eziphakathi kwazo. Okusondeleyo kuhlaselwa ngamabhodlela, asetyenziselwa ukutsha umlilo evela kwizixhobo zobuqu.

Impawu zoKwakha

Uhlobo lwe-BRDM-2 lulandelayo:

• Ngaphambili - Ofisi yoLawulo. Nazi iziphathimandla, isiteshi somsakazo, iifowuni zokuhamba, indawo zendawo yomqhubi kunye nomlawuli, izixhobo zokubeka esweni indawo.

• Phakathi phakathi kukho igumbi lokulwa. Isiko salo yinqaba, apho umshini womshini uphakanyisiwe. Kukho neenqwelo, ukunyuka kwamanzi ngamavili, ezona zihlalo ezimbini.

• Ngasemva - injini. Ikwahlukana nomnye umatshini nge-bulkhead engenawo moya eneyunithi yokucoca. Ukufikelela kwiyunithi yamandla kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iminyango yokunyumba.

Umzimba ngokwawo wenziwe ngamacwecwe ensimbi ahlanganiswe ngqongqo lweentonga (6-10 mm). Oku kukhusela umatshini kwiingxube, iingalo ezincinci kunye neemigodi ezincinci.

Impawu zobugcisa ze-BRDM-2

Injini yemoto isetyenziselwa i-carburettor ene-V eneenqwelo ezi-8. Amandla engoyiyo angama-140 ilitha. . Ngaphandle kwe-refueling, imoto inokuhamba nge-750 km ngomhlaba okanye kwiiyure ezili-15 ngelixa uqhuba ngemoto. Umthamo we-tank fuel i-280 ilitha. Kukho injini yokuqala yenjini.

Umbane ophuzileyo, uhlobo oluvaliweyo. Ifriji igqithisa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo.

Inxalenye eqhubayo ye-BRDM-2 yokucwangcisa ayichukumanga kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, iyafana kakhulu nenxalenye ye-BRDM. Umatshini usebenza kwiibhanti ezimbini eziphambili. Xa ugxotha endleleni-ndlela, unako ukuxhuma amabhuloho amabini. Oku kuya kwenziwa nge-drive hydraulic.

Ubungakanani obubanzi bomatshini:

• Ubude buyi-2395 mm.

• Ububanzi buyi 2350 mm.

• Ubude buyi 5750 mm.

• I-wheelbase i-3100 mm.

• Ukucaciswa - 330 m.

• Umzila ongaphambili ungama-1840 mm.

• Umzila weevili ezinjenge-1790 mm.

Umatshini ukhulula malunga neetoni ezi-7. Uxinzelelo lomhlaba lu-0.5-2.7 kg / cm ² .

Ukususwa kwentwasahlobo. Imithombo inomfanekiso we-semielliptical. Ifom ye-wheel-4x4, ngokunxulumene neebhanti ezimbini ezongezelelweyo - 8x8.

Uxinzelelo lweevili luya kujongwa ngaphakathi. Akuyimfuneko ukumisa oku, unokwenza utshintsho ekuhambeni. Xa ushayela kwikhephu, ungqimba lwawo aludluli kwi-30 cm, uxinzelelo kumathayi akufanele linciphwe. Imoto iyawela kwikhephu, kwaye iivili ziyahambelana nomhlaba.

I-winch ifakwe ngaphambili kwinqaba. Ivumela umatshini ukuba akhuphe. I-winch ine-3.9 toni yamandla.

Isantya sokunyakaza, ehamba ngeendlela ezihamba ngeendlela ezisetyenziswayo xa uhamba ngeendlela, u-95-100 km / h. Xa uhamba emanzini, eli pharamitha liye linciphisa ukuya kwi-8-10 km / iyure.

Umatshini uyakwazi ukunqoba izithintelo zokuphakama kwazo kufinyelela kwi-0.4 m. Ubunzulu bomdaka umatshini onokuwunqoba yi-1.22 m. Ukunyuka ngama-degrees angama-30.

Ulungiso

I-ATV ezikhoyo ze-BRDM-2 ezinokuguqulwa ezininzi. Ziye zaveliswa kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Ukongeza kwinguqu ebalulekileyo, inguqu ye-BRDM-2M (A) nayo yaveliswa kwisityalo se-Arzamas. Kule modeli, iindlela zendlela yokuhamba ngevili ziyatshintshwa kunye neengcango ze-trapezoidal. Oku kwavumela ukunciphisa ubunzima bomshini. Ixesha elidiniweyo libolekelelwe kwi-BTR-80. Njengeyunithi yamandla i-injini ye-diesel ene-turbo-supercharging isungulwe. Amandla ayo ayi 136 ilitha. . Inguqu ye-BRDM-2A ixhaswa ngeentlobo ezimbini zezikhululo zomsakazo ozikhethayo. Amandla amelwa ngumpu wemishini (7.62 no-14.5 mm).

Kwangoko kwanyathelwa eziliqela kwintsimi ye-Ukraine. Ngo-1999, i-BRDM-2LD ye-injini entsha yahlanganiswa e-Nikolaev. Lo mzekelo wasetyenziswa ngexesha lomzabalazo wempi eKosovo. Emva kweminyaka engama-6 e-Nikolaev wakhulula enye inguqu-BRDM-2DI "Khazar". Injini ye-diesel ye-diesel ngokutshisa, i-diesel imager kunye nentambo entsha.

Kuye kwaqokelela ezinye iinguqulelo ezimbini eKiev. Iyokuqala yayibizwa ngokuba yi-BRDM-2DP. Kwakuboniswa ubunzima obuncinane, apho iindlela zokutsalwa kweendawo ezikhulayo zazisuswa. Kunoko, injini entsha ifakiwe, isakhiwo sokunqoba imithonju (iinqumle), umnyango wecala labalandeli be-paratroopers. Isixhobo sezixhobo sele sitshintshile. Ukuguqulwa kwesibini kweKiev kubonakala ngo-2013. Amavili asongezelelweyo asuswe. Isiteshi somsakazo esongeziweyo, injini ye-diesel ene-155 litres. Nge., Izibane zangasemva nangemuva, zitshitshisa i-paratroopers. Iimodyuli zokulwa ezilungisiwe.

Kuye kwacetywa amaphulo ambalwa ngePoland. I-BRDM-2M-96 yokuqala yabonakala ngo-1997. Kwaye kwavezwa yinkqubo entsha yokurhweba kunye nenjini ye-diesel "Iveco" eneesilinda eziyi-6. Utshintsho lwesibini lubonakala ngo-2003. Yayibizwa ngokuba yi-BRDM-2M-96IK "iJackal". Ufake injini ye-diesel ephucukileyo entsha "Iveco" ngeesilinda eziyi-6. Umatshini waxhaswa sisikhululo somsakazo, umoya womoya, i-screen grids. Utshintshile umgca we-gun machine efakwe. Ukuguqulwa kokugqibela kwintsimi yasePoland yi-BRDM-2M-97 "iZbik B". Ngaphandle kwenjini ye-diesel entsha ye-diesel ye-six-cyilinder, le modeli yaxhotyiswa ngokutsha kunye nezinye izixhobo ezongezelelweyo.

Olunye utshintsho luqokelelwe eBelarus. Kwabizwa ngokuba yi-BRDM-2MB1. Kulo lususa iivili ezongezelelweyo kunye nabaqhubi, ukuvumela ukuba uhambe emanzini. Imodeli ene-155-eqinile injini ye-diesel, isiteshi somsakazo, ukuhanjiswa kwevidiyo, ukukhangela ama-paratroopers ngamacala omzimba. Iinqwelo zitshintshiwe. I-crew yonyuka yaba ngabantu abangama-7.

Ngo-2013, i-Azerbaijan yanikela inguquko yeZubachik. Iipropisi zamanzi kunye nevili ezongezelelweyo zisuswe. Iyunithi yamandla enegunya elinama-150 ilitha ifakwe. . Ukuphucula ukukhuselwa kwam. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwabadlali be-paratroopers, izixhobo zombhobho, iinqaba zeemodyuli zasemkhosini (iibhola ze-grenade zecalaber, i-cannon-barrel) zifakwe.

I-Kazakhstan inikezela ukuguqulwa kwayo kunyaka omnye. Iyunithi yamandla yatshintshwa yiyelithi ye-diesel Iveco. Iibhanji ezishiyelweyo. Zithathwe kwi-BTR-80. Ngenxa yolu, umzila uye wanda. Ukususwa kwentwasahlobo kushicilelwe kwinguqu eyintloko. Ukuguqulwa kwabizwa ngokuba yi-BRDM-KZ.

Ukuguqulwa kwalo kwakwiCzech Republic (i-LOT-B, i-LOT-V), iSerbia (Kur'ak).

I-BRDM-2 njengesiseko sokudala imoto

Ngokwe siseko se-BRDM-2 (umfanekiso onokubonwa kweli nqaku) iinjongo ezikhethekileyo zithuthi zaqala ukuphuhliswa. Kwaqala phantse emva kokuqala kwemveliso ye-BRDM-2.

Kakade ngo-1964, abaqulunqi baqala ukuhlakulela imodeli yokubonga iikhemikhali. Kwabizwa ngokuba yi-BRDM-2RX okanye "iDolphin". Lo mshini waveliswa ngenjongo yokuhlola imichiza, i-bacteriological, i-radiation orientation. Iimpawu zokuzaliswa kwale nguqulo zi:

• Isixhobo sokulinganisa iqondo lokungcoliswa kwamanzi kunye ne-radiation (radiometer).

• I-Analyzer yeGesi esebenza ngendlela yokuzenzekelayo.

• X-ray.

• Isixhobo sokufumanisa ukungcola khemikhali, ukusebenza kwimodi yokuzenzekelayo.

• I-alamu ngokuzenzekelayo, eyaziwayo emoyeni kubungcola bendalo.

Umoya woluhlalutyo lwafika kwizixhobo ngokusebenzisa umoya womoya. Emva kokuvavanywa, umoya waphuma ngaphandle. Inkqubo yokubonelela nokukhutshwa kwomoya ohlalutyiweyo ilawulwa ngumqhubi. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iimbambo ezimbini phambi kwakhe. Emva kokuba imoto ishiye umkhondo weempawu ezifihliweyo. Babengumbhalo othi "Usulelekile" kwiflegi yombala ophuzi. Oku kwenziwa ngenjongo yokuchonga indlela ekhuselekileyo. Amaflegi afakwe ngumbutho okhethekileyo womshini, onokulawulwa kwi-cockpit.

Ukongeza kwimibono echazwe ngasentla, "iDolphin" yavezwa ngumpu womshini kwenye indawo. Inani lamalungu abasebenzi liyancitshiswa libe lintathu: umlawuli, umqhubi (owongezelela ukwenza umsebenzi womatshini), ukukhangela (eqinisweni, wayengumakhemikhali).

Ngowe-1967, ngokusekelwe kwi-BRDM-2, umatshini wasungulwa kubasebenzi bomyalelo. Kwakungekho inqaba. Kunoko, bafake iqhosha elivule phambili. Indawo yangaphakathi yayihlala kumlawuli, umqhubi we-othotholo.

Kwiminyaka engama-80 kwakukho inguqu ye-BRDM-2U. Kuyathakazelisa kuba endaweni yezixhobo zecomputer (ezanqunyulwa), inqaba yezixhobo yafakwa.

Kwakhona kuphuhliswa oomatshini zvukoveschatelnye ukuba ube umyinge umbane ephilileyo. Ezi models:

• 3C-72B, ezo ayibeki iiyunithi zomkhosi. Tower indawo yayo yi bar nge zwi. Umenzi linike uluhlu nosasazo km 7.5. Thumela imiyalezo nokuba kude. Kuphela kulo mzekelo isithethi kufuneka zibekwe kumgama akukho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha ngeekhilomitha ukusuka emotweni.

• 3C-82, apho iiyunithi ekulweni zafakelwa. Noko ke, igcinwe kumatshini enye kuphela umpu uqoqo. isandisi okunokuthi kuviwa ecaleni kwakhe phezu kwenqaba ndakutywina kumgama km 6.

Oomashini sele ziphuhlisiwe ngokuthutha imijukujelwa ( "Baby-M", "ukhuphiswano", "iso", "Falanga-P" kunye nabanye), izithuthi likaxakeka, izithuthi kunye ukukwazi onokuwoyisa ngayo umqobo amanzi, imodeli yokuqokelelwa kwamatyala. crew eziqeqeshwe abe nekhithi yoqeqesho yenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo.