Biography Starodum. Comedy suki Ivanovicha Fonvizina "Oaf"

Le umdlalo odumileyo Fonvizin yabhalwa nguye ngo-1782. heroes Comedy yayingabantu elime ezahlukeneyo zentlalo aziingangamsha ngenkulungwane XVIII, ngamakhoboka, amagosa karhulumente kunye notitshala fashion self-ezizibiza njalo. Ngaphambi kokuba phendla ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi umxholo othi "Biography Starodum" ukuhlala kancinane phezu kwabemi endlwini Prost, kuba konke oko yaqala nabo.

Prost

Ngoko ke, abalinganiswa abaphambili: ignoramus - Mitrofanushka elinesithandathu - nonina, uNks Prost, nto leyo umlinganiswa negative iphambili yalo msebenzi. Kukukhohlakala kwaye abangenazigqibo, kwaye ufuna ukutshata, unyana wakhe engathethekiyo Mitrofan, yaye akakukhathalele ngokupheleleyo ukuba yonke into. Ayithandi unina, kodwa ngathi kuphela ngenxa yokuba sasisaziwa elomeleleyo kunye namandla.

Prost, ukufunda ukuba nomtshana Nozipho umyeni wakhe (indoda enesidima kakhulu kwaye abafunde) waba yindlalifa imali eninzi enkulu, leyo yena bequeaths umalume wakhe ezixabisekileyo Starodum wagqiba nantoni na kwaba ukutshata naye wonqena Mitrofanushka wakhe. Kodwa izihlobo Starodum emngcwabile obude, kwaye ngoku ukusuka kanye lo mzuzu igama lakhe livela ukuba nkulu zona. Indlu Prost bonke baqala hambana-hambana ngenxa elifeni Sofia, emva 10,000 - isixa ngelo xesha bekhohlisana. Yayingubani Starodum nalapho ndivela khona!

Biography Starodum

Le umdlalo elalinamandla Fonvizin Starodum thaca omnye kakhulu amanene kunye abalinganiswa ezininzi ezintle. Waba abalandeli bakhe. Enyanisweni, umsebenzi "I-Minor" bachaphazeleka kakhulu kwimiba yezopolitiko, yezentlalo, zemfundo yokuziphatha.

Umbhali ishiya ngqo umbuzo evulekileyo nokuba Starodum mhlaba, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba akukho obanjiweyo kwinkundla yasebukhosini waza ke waya eSiberia. Ngamazwi akhe hero, kukho ukufumana imali, ngaphandle kokutshintsha kubo isazela, hayi meanly buck kwaye Ophanga ilizwe, bafumana ukuba baphume ezweni ebaziyo akukho uhanahaniso kwaye popravosudnee abantu, yaye ngenxa yemizamo yabo ukuze bahlawule ngokunyaniseka lokwenyaniso nesisa.

"Abathengisa asebukhosini"

Fonvizin kushishino Starodum ibonakalisa inkqubo kanye ubomi bezoqoqosho yezikhulu Russian, itsale ingqalelo yayo emva kokuba umbhali French liguqulelwe ama ebizwa "leengxoxo ngabafo protivupolozhennoe ngabafo emkhosini."

Starodum biography ithi ukuba zizityebi kwimigodi yegolide, injongo yalo ukuqinisekisa ikamva obutofotofo nomtshana kuphela yakhe ayithandayo - Sofyushki. Thoughts Starodum osisilumko ezixabisekileyo, uthi kuye ukuba wenza imeko enjalo ukuba avumele ukuba ukutshata, nkqu amahlwempu, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - indoda enesidima. Akaphindi ukudibanisa nomtshana kakuhle-ntle ukuya ubunini ngamakhoboka lyudom.

Kwaye nje kwenzeka: Fonvizin wabhala umdlalo nje ngamanye amaxesha, xa eRashiya wazama ukufunda umlimi imfazwe ka 1773-1775. eziguquguqula kubangelwa, leyo phantse wakhokela urhulumente feudal-yeengcungcu ukuya ekonakaleni, nasekutshabalaleni. Noko ke, abathintela Ndilicukuceze yabantu, imeko uCatherine II iingangamsha yomelezwa nangakumbi saza sayandisa iminyaka amalungelo beklasi sigqibo. abantu abahluphekayo phambi komthetho abamfunanga namandla ngakumbi kwaye bengenamandla. Kulo mdlalo "I-Minor" le miba zopolitiko baye enobuzaza kakhulu kwaye mlonyeni.

Free-iingcinga, revolution kunye wenguquko

Biography Starodum, leyo yena uxelela interlocutors bakhe, ingakumbi Pravdina kunye Milo, kubandakanya ulwazi malunga koko, ukuba wayeneminyaka engama-60 ubudala. igama lakhe libonisa ukuba ulandela imigaqo kwexesha endala - ilixa uPetros I. Starodum wakhumbula amazwi kayise, awayemi ukuba wayesoloko ngoko kufuneka ube ngentliziyo, nomphefumlo, kwaye ke ngeke umntu nangaliphi na ixesha.

Kule umdlalo satirical Starodum kubonakala kuphela ekupheleni isenzo sokuqala. Kunye ne Pravdin Milon kwaye akubikho Nozipho Prostakova ukusuka gadalala kwaye ibonelela ngoqikelelo wokukhulisa ningazi isidenge Mitrophan.

Iimpawu Starodum uthi entliziyweni yakhe yena a wenguquko enkulu yotshintsho olululo. Sidla kunye sikweni karhulumente, apho inyaniso kunye nenkonzo ngokunyaniseka kudala devalued, yonke kugqitywa ngawo prisposoblennichestvo yonxibelelwano kunye servility. Imfundo Starodum abavumelekanga ukuba cwaka ujonge indlela abanye abahlobo bakhe abasondeleyo unamaqhinga kunye yozingiso ezazifuna. Yiyo ke loo nto umbona washiya inkonzo, kuba nako ukujonga ngakumbi ngathi onyuka ileli corporate akubona abantu efanayo, kodwa eyona ufanelwe bakrelekrele bahlala ngaphandle emnyango.

aphorisms Starodum

Ngenxa ngentliziyo yakhe, imfundo kunye nemfundo yokuziphatha, oko uvakalisa -siseko karhulumente, apho yonke imithetho yolawulo efanelekileyo engenamkhethe.

Okunye okunika umdla kukuba aphorisms Starodum ezintle, kuba uthi into elungileyo kakhulu, umzekelo, ukuba ukukhanyiselwa kakhulu ngaphandle umphefumlo uba sisidalwa krele kalujaca. Yena akakhathali yokumane ukuba imfundo le iindwalutho - lo mbandela karhulumente. Kwaye apha kufuneka zibandakanywe imfundo intliziyo nengqondo. Ngelo xesha ke ubeka imfundo wentliziyo kwindawo yokuqala.

iimpawu Starodum ibonisa ukuba kuthe tye, ilula-nye kunye okuqonda. Zonke Prost usapho ezibolileyo, ubona iphumele entunjeni uthi yonke ucinga ngabo.

le okomhlaba

Kulo mdlalo "I-Minor" Fonvizin wanikela imbono lobuqu "Abantu abanyanisekileyo 'futhi kugcinwa ngoko kufuneka ibe sokuzenza zabo zokuphila. Kwaye ngoko ke umfanekiso Starodum apha ayikho ngengozi. Mvelo "Nedorosl" ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, ukuba walibala kangangexesha elithile. Ngequbuliso wawa indumezulu "ububi", abathe abo bantu bazibona kumdlalo ngendlela engakhethi buso, sinokuthintela exit yayo. Kwaye, kuyabonakala ukuba, Fonvizin ngokwakhe kwafuneka ukubhenela kubaxhasi ezinamandla ukususa yonke imiqobo.

Ngo-1782, September 24, kuboniswe i- umdlalo nangoku ngomhla nenqanaba St. Petersburg yokubonela Free Russian. Kwayala ngumbhali lo msebenzi. Kwaye, okuyinto ngokwaneleyo, umdlalo akazange ukuba utshintshe yegama enye, ngoko ke, yaba impumelelo enkulu.

Omnye kwabo babona inkulumbuso wathi abanye imifanekiso ahlekisayo ekuthiwa kohlekayo ezidlulayo, kodwa imifanekiso ezinkulu lunxano olukhulu, waphulaphula ngenyameko bonke abaphulaphuli yehlabathi, owandithandayo ngelixa ngothsuphe kunye nezimvo kwi ubuthathaka yehlabathi nezobundlobongela yezithethe yexesha. Umdlalo, enkosi liveliness yencoko, uburharha, aphorisms, uphindo umdla kunye nendalo yemfundo, uye wanceda abathile ukubona Prost, ezithi ke ngoko bagxothwa kumakhaya abo lzhepedagogov uhlobo Vralmana kunye Tsyfirkin.

isiphelo

Umdlalo "I-Minor" yaba kuphela kakuhle esekwe zonke yedrama Russian kwenkulungwane XVIII. Xa ubudala classicism yena wasigweba bekhulisa yemveli yeengcungcu, "nezobundlobongela" yaye "zlonravie" izikhulu yephondo. Zonke abalinganiswa zahlulwe ngokucacileyo zibe akhabayo kunye navumelanayo, njengoko vu amagama abo: Staro, PRAVDIN, Prost, Skotinin etc ...