Bhabha ash: inkcazelo, ukwakheka, ukulinganisa GOST kunye isicelo esithile

Ngexesha inkunkuma yokutsha yenziwa, ezo zibizwa ngokuba uthuthu nothuthu. Kufuphi yamaziko ezifakwe izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ubambisa la masuntswana. Basimisela izinto usasazeko ukuba kumalungu engaphantsi kwe-0.3 mm.

Yintoni impukane ash?

Nothuthu - izinto oluhle ngobukhulu yamasuntswana encinane. It senziwa ngexesha ukutshiswa kwezimbiwa esiluqilima kwiqondo lobushushu eziphakamileyo (800 degrees). Kuxhomekeke-6% kwezinto unburnt ade ekupheleni yentsimbi.

Bhabha ash wambumba ngexesha ukutshiswa ubumdaka yezimbiwa apho zifumaneka amafutha. imixholo yawo ahlukile izinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwi isiqulatho ukhuni nothuthu 0.5-2% iyonke, lwezibaso nja- 2-30%, kwaye lignite kunye namalahle-1 - 45%.

indawo yolwamkelo

Bhabha ash imiswe phakathi komlilo. Iimpawu into ekuveliseni boilers zahlukile kwezo wadala elebhu. Le yantlukwano kuchaphazela iimpawu zomzimba imichiza kunye nokwakheka. Ngokukodwa, xa yokutsha kwenzeka ezikweni yokunyibilikisa izinto yezimbiwa amafutha, nto leyo ekhokelela inkangeleko yeekhomponenti unburnt ye labalandeli. Le nkqubo, ebizwa carbon ngoomatshini isigodo, kunokuba- ukwanda lobushushu ziko ukuya degrees 800 nangaphezulu.

izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ezinokuthi zibe kweentlobo ezimbini zokuqokelela iimpukane ash kufuneka: ngoomatshini kunye zombane. Xa operation GZU kuzanywa ukuba izixa ezikhulu zamanzi (10-50 m ³ amanzi 1 ngetoni wentaba nganye). Oku ethile ebalulekileyo. Ukuze ukuphuma meko, sebenzisa inkqubo umva: amanzi emva zokucoca ukusuka ash amasuntswana kwakhona engena indlela engundoqo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

• Workability. I ezincinane amasuntswana, kokukhona impembelelo nothuthu. Ukudibanisa ash kwandisa ukufana umxube eziphathekayo nokuxinana yayo, iphucula zopakisho kunciphisa nokuxuba amanzi kunye workability ngokulinganayo.
• Ukunciphisa ubushushu ukuxovwa, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ngexesha eshushu. Umxholo ash kwi isisombululo ngokomlinganiselo ukunciphisa ubushushu ukuxovwa.
• Le capillary Ukunciphisa. Nge Ukongeza ka-10% sendoda ash nokonyuka zesamente amanzi Ukutsalwa capillary yi 10-20%. Oku, kunciphisa iqabaka. Ukuze yoyiswe le ethile, oko kuyimfuneko kukwandisa kancinane umoya entrainment ngenxa kudla ezizodwa.
• Ukumelana amanzi ndlongondlongo. Ukuqinisa 20% iqulathe nothuthu, abanganyangekiyo ngakumbi ngokuntywiliselwa emanzini ndlongondlongo.

Iingenelo neengozi usebenzisa nothuthu

Ukongeza umxube ngohlobo nothuthu iquka iqela eziluncedo:

• ukusetyenziswa Ukuncipha clinker.
• Ukuphuculwa ukugaywa.
• amandla Ukwandiswa.
• workability oluphuculiweyo, leyo lula sathatha.
• shrinkage Ukuncipha.
• Kunciphisa nobushushu obuninzi ukuxovwa.
• Ukwanda ixesha ngaphambi kokuba ukuvela neentanda.
• Ukuqina kwamanzi (msulwa okanye ndlongondlongo).
• Kuyancipha isisombululo weight.
• iyawulwa umlilo Ukwandiswa.

Kunye iingenelo, kukho kwakhona ezinye okungalunganga:

• Ukudibanisa ash ezinomthamo eliphezulu carbon isigodo itshintsha umbala we udaka lwesamente.
• Kunciphisa luvukelo sokuqala kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
• Kunciphisa iqabaka.
• Inani macandelo mxube kulawulwe.

Types of impukane ash

Kukho iindidi zokuhlelwa eziliqela, nabanako ukwahlulelana nothuthu.

Ngokutsho uhlobo amafutha ukuba utshiswe, uthuthu ingaba:

• Anthracite.
• Coal.
• Lignite.

Kumafa of ash zezi:

• Acid (ezinomthamo ikhalsiyam oxide ne-10%).
• Basic (umxholo we calcium oxide ngaphezulu kwe-10%).

Kuxhomekeka umgangatho kunye izicelo ezinye iintlobo-4 wentaba - ukusuka mna IV. Kunye nohlobo yokugqibela iimpukane izikhwezeli zentlelo eziphathekayo, asetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima.

nothuthu processing

Ukulungiselela iinjongo zoshishino ngoyena eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ekrwada iimpukane ash (ngaphandle besila, ukuhlolwa, njalo njalo).

Ngexesha yokutsha ash kwakhiwa. Ukukhanya kunye amasuntswana amancinane ngenxa isindululo zegesi ulwelo endibafuduse ukusuka combustor zize zifakwe kwi filter zolosborniki ekhethekileyo. Ezi amasuntswana ke uthuthu okweempukane. Inxenye eseleyo kubizwa ash ukhetho ezomileyo.

Relations phakathi angquzulanayo ixhomekeka kuhlobo amafutha, kunye neempawu zolwakhiwo kanye ezikweni:

• kunye nokususwa eqinileyo le zeBlack yi 10-20% ash;
• kunye nokususwa zeBlack ulwelo - 20-40%;
• i nkanyamba-uhlobo amaziko - kwi-90%.

Ngexesha lokulungiswa zezulu zibe nako ukungena amasuntswana zeBlack uthuthu lweziko kunye nothuthu.

Bhabha ash lokuhlolwa owomileyo usoloko ezibekwe amaqhezu phantsi kweempembelelo amasimi zombane ukuba sidalwe okucoca. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukusetyenziswa.

Ukunciphisa ilahleko izinto ngexesha calcination (kwi-5%) nothuthu mandatory homogenized, bazibuthela ngokuvumelana amaqhezu. Le ash esenzelwa zokutshisa eliphantsi reactivity amalahle iqulethe ukuya kwi-25% umxube ezinokutsha. Ngoko ke, ukuba ityetyiswe ngakumbi yaye sisetyenziswa njengoko amafutha amandla.

Apho ukusetyenziswa nothuthu?

Ash sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi. Oku kungenzeka ukwakhiwa, ezolimo, ishishini, ucoceko

Ekuvelisweni kweentlobo ezithile ezinokwakheka nothuthu. Isicelo ixhomekeke kuhlobo yayo. ash Granular isetyenziswa Ukwakhiwa kwendlela izizathu yokupaka, iindawo zokugcina MSW, iindlela ibhayisekile, manzi.

Bhabha ash nokubanjiswa owomileyo isetyenziselwa ukomeleza umhlaba njenge into ezimeleyo astringent yaye ngokukhawuleza lukhuni. Kananjalo zingasetyenziswa ukwakhiwa lodaka, amadama kunye nezinye ngamanzi.

Kuba ukuvelisa hydraulic concrete ash isetyenziswa indawo isamente (ku-25%). Njengoko lokufaka (ezincinci nezinkulu) ziquka ash kwiibhloko inkqubo yemveliso enamagumbi ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo iindonga.

Ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni amagwebu. Ukudibanisa ash kwingxubevange eziphathekayo kwandisa uzinzo yayo aggregative.

Ash isetyenziswa nje isichumiso umanyolo kwezolimo. Bona ziqulathe potassium ngohlobo potash, nto leyo ngokukhawuleza enyibilikayo emanzini kwaye ziyafumaneka izityalo. Ukongeza, ukuba abe zizityebi uthuthu kunye nezinye izondlo: phosphorus, nemagnesium, isalfure, calcium, manganese, boron, nama- izinto macro. Ubukho calcium carbonate yenza uthuthu ukunciphisa ubumuncu bomhlaba. Le ash ingenziwa kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo egadini emva elima, ukuchumisa oko pristvolovye imithi zilandelayo kunye namatyholo, kwakunye kugalela amadlelo kunye namadlelo. Thina singacebisi ukusetyenziswa wentaba kunye nezinye eziphilayo okanye izimbiwa (ingakumbi phosphorus).

Ash esetyenziselwa sanitization engekho amanzi. It kwandisa pH yaye kubulawe iintsholongwane. Lusetyenziswa zangasese, kwakunye kwiindawo umbhobho welindle.

Ukusuka konke oku kungasentla kunokwenziwa isigqibo malunga nokusetyenziswa ezininzi izinto ezifana nothuthu. Ixabiso kuba kuyahluka engange-500. ton (nge lokushiywa elikhulu) ukuya 850 engange nganye. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa usebenzisa self-delivery abasuka kwimimandla zikude indleko ingahluka kakhulu.

GOST

Iqulunqwe kwaye iphunyezwe amaxwebhu abalawula nemveliso nokuqhutywa impukane ash:

• GOST 25818-91 "nothuthu izityalo amandla thermal ukuba eziphathekayo."
• GOST 25592-91 "Imixube of zeBlack yesityalo wamandla oshushu ukuze eziphathekayo."

Lokulawula umgangatho ash obuvelisiweyo kunye nemixube yalo kunye nesicelo yayo ukusetyenziswa kunye neminye imigangatho ezongezelelweyo. Kulo mzekelo, isampulu nazo zonke iintlobo ngokwemilinganiso Kwakhona yenziwe ngokungqinelana na neemfuno iindwendwe.