BeNkosi Frenk Baum: engobomi, nokucinga. Iincwadi ezithetha Oz

Ngubani na ongazaziyo tale wentombazana ellie Volkova, elafika Oz? Kodwa asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba umsebenzi ngokwenene Volkova - nje simahla ushwankathele ethi The Wizard ELINGUMANGALISO Oz, ebhalwe amadoda Frenk Baum. Ukongeza kule ngantsomi Baum Oz yonke into esingelwe phantsi imisebenzi ezilishumi, koko, endaphuma usiba yakhe, kunye namanye iintsomi umdla ngokulinganayo.

NoLyman Frank Baum: Biography kwiminyaka yokuqala

UFrank azalwe ngoMeyi ngo1856 kusapho Cooper Chittenango kwidolophu encinane American. Ngenxa yeengxaki entliziyweni koogqirha usana wayixela ubomi yakhe emfutshane - kwiminyaka 3-4, kodwa, ukuze wonk 'engalindelanga, lo mfana wasinda bonke abazalwana noodade bakhe.

Kungekudala emva kokuzalwa Frank, uyise wenza ubutyebi yaye bakwazi ukunika abantwana babo kunye neemeko ezingcono ezikhulayo up. ebuntwaneni Baum Yadlula kwi kwifama usapho, apho ootitshala zabucala abachaphazelekayo kunye naye.

Zingekaziva uzithandela iincwadi, Baum kungekudala ukufunda lonke kwithala omkhulu kayise, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ikratshi lakhe. Ababhali ozithandayo Baum kaThixo baba Dickens kunye Thackeray.

Ngowe-1868, le nkwenkwe wathunyelwa akhademi empini Peekskill. Noko ke, kungekudala uFrank azixhokonxa abazali ukuba amse ekhaya.

Enye indoda ufumene isipho esivela wokuzalwa ezincinane cofa yoshicilelo kayise, ekujongwe ukuba imveliso-ndaba. Ekunye nomzalwana wakhe baqalisa kokukhutshwa iphephandaba usapho. iphephandaba Baum Ekhaya epapashwe ibonisa ubomi bentsapho, kodwa tale yokuqala, eyabhalwa Frank oselula kuphela.

Nge elinesixhenxe umbhali kakhulu wayethanda philately kwaye wazama ukupapasha iphephancwadi zalo zanikezelwa kule sihloko. Kamva, wasebenza njengoko ngumlawuli ivenkile. Emva uyithandayo yakhe ukufuya nemvelaphi zeenkukhu. Baum wada wanikezela incwadi kule sihloko - yanyatheliswa kanye njengokuba lo mfo iminyaka emashumi mabini. Kamva, Noko ke, yena waphulukana umdla iinkukhu waza waba nomdla yeqonga.

impilo Personal Baum

Pokolesil ixesha elithile yemiboniso ohambahambayo, lababantu Frenk Baum kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu, ndidibana uMaud ezintle, yaye kamva ngonyaka batshata. Abazali Frank othandekayo akubanga kwi intliziyo swii-mthetho, kodwa ubutyebi kayise wabakhokelela bawuvumele lo mtshato.

UFrank uMaud wayenoonyana abane, lowo ubethandwa Baum yaye ngokufuthi waxelela namabali ebusuku zakhe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha waqalisa ukubhala phantsi, yaza yapapashwa ngokukhawuleza - ngoko waqalisa umsebenzi wokubhala Baum.

Ngempumelelo bebhalela

Emva kokuba impumelelo yencwadi abantwana yokuqala xa isibini kweminyaka, Baum wabhala enye, "Bawo Goose:. Incwadi Yakhe" Noko ke, ukubukela ukukhula indlela abantwana bakhe, waqonda ukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukuba babhale sentsomi kubantwana abadala abangazange babe nomdla ekufundeni malunga adventures yamarhanisi kwi barnyard. Ngoko ke wazalwa ingcamango babhale intombazana uDorothy, kwenzeka ukuba lweFairyland of Oz.

Ngowe-1900, kwafika ukukhanya bt intsomi series Oz. Lo msebenzi kwangoko kakhulu, yaye amashumi amawaka abantwana baye ekuthini adventures ebangel uDorothy. Emva impumelelo umbhali wapapasha ibali malunga Santa Claus, yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva - liqhubeka yayo. Noko ke, abafundi zonke kulindeleke ukuba incwadi entsha malunga lizwe liyana, yaye ngowe-1904 bafika nokuzikhanyisa enye nentsomi othi "Oz."

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Baum

Ukuzama ukuba kude isihloko kwiLizwe Oz, Baum wabhala namanye amabali, kodwa abafundi abanamdla kangako. Kamva, umbhali watshintshela iincwadi malunga lizwe omlingo. Total Baum ezinikelwe iincwadi zakhe elinesine, yokugqibela ezimbini apapashwa emva kokufa kwakhe, owafa ngowe-1919 iingxaki entliziyweni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umjikelo we Oz owayedume kakhulu kangangokuba emva kokufa umdali wayo, abanye ababhali waqala ukuzivakalisa ezininzi luyaqhubeka. Kakade ke, ukuba zingaphantsi yokuqala.

Ushwankathe- "Le Wizard ELINGUMANGALISO Oz"

Heroine ezingundoqo kwezona ndawo ithandwayo yokuqala kwaye uninzi eseleyo kulo mjikelo iincwadi kwaba Sirota Doroti (igama kulile kwalo nasezirhangeni). Kwincwadi yokuqala intombazana ehamba nenja othembekileyo Toto ukuya Oz uthatha inkanyamba enamandla. Ukuzama ukuba abuyele ekhaya, obangelwa Dorothy Witch Good uya Emerald City ukuya elilawulayo kuyo Ozu. Endleleni, intombazana encinane yenza abahlobo kunye Zinjengonomgogwana, i-Tin Woodman kunye ubugwala Lion. Onke lomakhwenkwe ayakudinga into bili, yaye uthembisa ukuba azalisekise izicelo zabo, ukuba abahlobo ukugcina ilizwe igqwirha embi. Ukuba ukoyisa iingxaki ezininzi, umlinganiswa ngamnye ufumana into abayifunayo.

Kwisiqwenga ethi "I Elimangalisayo Land of Oz"

Kwincwadi yesibini, umlinganiswa ophambili ongumlungiseleli igqwirha ububi Mombi uhlobo. Ngenye imini inkwenkwe ubaleka kuye, bethabathe naye ngumgubo magic ukuba liwuphefumlele izinto ezingaphiliyo. Xa bafika Emerald City, kuyanceda ukubalekela Zinjengonomgogwana ukusuka apho, njengoko isixeko kuthinjwa yi umkhosi amantombazana silwe spoked ikhokelwa yi Ginger. Kunye bakucela ukuba uncedo Tin Man and Glinda (igqwirha Good). Kubonakala ukuba kufuneka bafumane umlawuli yokwenene umzi - shwaka Princess Ozma. Ngokusebenzisa ixesha, kubonakala ukuba uhlobo Ozma, igqwirha bathakathiwe Mombi. Ukubuyela ubuso lokwenyaniso, abahlobo inkosazana kunye kokuvulwa namandla.

Licebo "Ozma of Oz", "noDorothy Wizard e Oz", "i-Road to Oz" yaye "Emerald City of Oz"

Girl UDorothy agqabhuke ncwadi wesithathu. Nantsi ke, kunye yenkukhu Billina ukho Oz. Girl ne yokunqakulisa ufunda imbali ebuhlungu losapho lobukumkani, Yves. Ezama ukubanceda, yena phantse ulahlekelwa intloko yakhe. Noko ke, akuba beziqhelanisa iNkosazana Ozma (kubanceda losapho lobukumkani kwi Elucweyweni Zinjengonomgogwana kunye Tin Woodman), uDorothy kunokwenzeka ukuba ususe isiqalekiso ukusuka usapho kunye ive ukuza ekhaya.

Kwincwadi yesine yinyikima Dorothy kunye wakhe nomzala Jeb ihashe owalupheleyo uKhaya ukuya kwilizwe omlingo kwizixeko zeglasi. Apha sidibana bili Oz kunye lekati Eureka. Ukuze ukuphuma oku ilizwe lobuhlobo, amaqhawe kufuneka soyise kakhulu. Imisa uhambo emva Oz apho intombazana encinci ukuba abahlobo yingwevu ukuba amncede nabalingane bakhe ukuba abuyele ekhaya.

Kwincwadi sesihlanu thotho kwi lokuzalwa Princess Ozma kaThixo, apho gqitha wayefuna ukubona uDorothy. Ukuze wenze oku, yena uye udidekile zonke iindlela, yaza yavuka intombazana leyo, ebonisa ukuhamba endleleni ogama Shaggy, ilahlekile kakhulu yaye emva neyokudinga ezininzi kunye adventures beza Oz ku Ozma.

Ibali lesithandathu "Oz" series ngenxa yeengxaki kwintsapho ye uDorothy efama wabangela ukuba bahlala Oz. Noko ke, phezu Emerald City ngxaki sele kumbovu - izama ukufaka ukumkani embi yakha sicatshulwa komhlaba.

Ke ezinye ibali Oz Baum

Baum wayezimisele ukuba agqibe lo amaqhawe "Emerald City of Oz." Emva koko bazama ukubhala zamaqhawe namanye amaqhawe. Kodwa abafundi abaselula ufuna ukuqhubeka adventures abalinganiswa ozithandayo. Ekugqibeleni, xa ukunyanzelisa kwezi zokufunda kunye nabapapashi Baum waqhubeka umjikelo. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, wapapasha iinoveli ezintandathu: "ombaxa Girl of Oz", "Tik-Tok of Oz", "I Zinjengonomgogwana Oz", "Rinkitink of Oz", "I Lost Princess of Oz", "I-Tin Woodman welizwe oz. " Emva kokufa umbhali, iindlalifa zakhe wapapasha imibhalo-ngqangi kweenoveli ezimbini nasezulwini Oz: ". Glinda of Oz" "The Magic of Oz" yaye

Uninzi iincwadi kutshanje sele waziva ediniwe nombhali wolu sihloko, kodwa bambuza iintsomi entsha abafundi abatsha abasuka kulo lonke ihlabathi, umbhali nako zifakwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nanamhlanje abantwana babhale iileta eziya umbhali, nangona abantu beNkosi Frenk Baum wafa kudala.

Iincwadi malunga Santa Claus

Nangona kwihlabathi-ngokubanzi udumo kunye negama Baum ngenxa Saga uphelayo yeLizwe ye Oz, wabhala kunye namanye amabali. Ngoko, emva kokuba impumelelo Le Wizard ELINGUMANGALISO Oz umbhali kuye waqamba elimangalisayo tale olungileyo iKrismesi "The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus". Kuyo, wathetha bayahlelwa inkwenkwe elungileyo, owabanyusayo yengonyama kunye Uphunguphungu Nekil, malunga waba Santa Claus njani yaye kutheni nendlela ukufumana ukungafi.

Le tale kwakhona mnandi kakhulu ebantwaneni. Kuyabonakala ukuba, uninzi ibali Baum malunga Santa Claus kwakusondele kwe Oz, yaye kungekudala wakhulula incwadi ethi "laxhwilwa Santa Claus." Kuyo, yena othetha iintshaba eziphambili Claus nemizamo yabo ukuphazamisa iKrismesi. Kamva, ibali le ncwadi iye kudla yasetyenziswa iifilimu ezininzi.

Ngexesha ubomi bakhe imide wabhala iincwadi ezininzi ezingaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini ka beNkosi Frenk Baum. Ezi ncwadi ziye ngokwahlukileyo baqonda luluntu. Tale kakhulu ethandwa kwaziswa kuye. Kwaye nangona umbhali uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wazama nokubhala nangezinye izihloko, kwaye kakhulu ngempumelelo, abafundi bakhe, uya kusoloko umkhumbuzi lenkundla Oz.