I a th index - ntoni na? iShedyuli a th

Quotes stock exchange isaziso yi imiphantsi federal, amanani abonisa iziphumo yonaniselwano, ezele phezu internet. Eyona nto kukuba ezi mpawu ibalulekile kuqoqosho Russia. abemi bethu kufuneka babe naluphi na uhlobo lwemibuzo: "a th - ukuba" Culture of ulwazi ii-stock ibaluleke kakhulu ukwenzela uphuhliso uluntu lonke. Ingakumbi ukuba olu lwazi ngokwayo umdla kunye eyonwabisayo.

Ngokufutshane malunga indices stock

Ngengqiqo mihla isalathiso kwemfuyo - umlinganiselo iimpembelelo kwiintengiso izibambiso kunye nezinye ii-asethi kwimarike ethile (kaninzi ukwimeko eyahlukileyo). amaninzi kakhulu uphindo uyakwazi ukuchaza imeko yezoqoqosho okanye inxalenye yayo kunye namashishini. Umzekelo, i-a th index (malunga Stock Exchange iinkcukacha - ngezantsi) bebhekisele kwi imeko iinkampani ezininzi ushishino oyile kunye noshishino. Ezinye barhwebi bakholelwa ukuba indices ezibalulekileyo zizalathisi malunga nemiba, hayi ixabiso yangoku.

ekwandiseni Stock lubonakaliswa kumaqonga zorhwebo ezizodwa, amaziko efoni ngokutsho kwenye fomyula ixhaphakileyo. Okokuqala, kungaba indlela yokalo emileyo-avareji count udidi "unweighted". Kulo mzekelo, ixabiso lempahla ushwankathelwa kwaye lahlulwe abahlalutyi idinomineyitha exchange ezimisele. Okwesibini benza arithmetic count avareji udidi "ukulinganisa" xa ixabiso lee-asethi ibalwa iisampulu. Okwesithathu, imin zejiyometri yi iikowuteshini nokususwa kwizithuba ezibalulekileyo (idla qho kwiinyanga ezintathu). Njengomgaqo, kuzo zonke iimeko kukho nokuthelekelela le iikowuteshini. Imizekelo - a th igrafu okanye MICEX.

A th ne MICEX. Ukudibanisa zingxoxo

Le Iiquotes Russian nge-2011 ziboniswe kwi-stock eziphambili ezimbini - MICEX kunye unathi. Eyona iphambili ngamnye kubo imvelaphi. MICEX wadala umbutho ukubhankisha kunye nokusebenza Exchange, njengoko iingcali zikholelwa, yayiququzelelwe ukuze kungenelwe ezo zakhiwo. Ngenxa yoko, i-a th yasekwa brokers, bezimali, yaye oku kuchatshazelwa uphuhliso ezithile kule ndawo. Kucingwa yi abarhwebi ezininzi, yayisele ihambile ngokwemiqathango zobugcisa. Phakathi abahlaziyi ukuba liqulunqe uluvo ekhethekileyo malunga iincukaca apho ephethe a th: ngenxa imisebenzi eziye zavela ngokusebenzisa izixhobo elungileyo kunye neenkqubo. MICEX yaba ngoko indawo yokurhweba ngokhuselo corporate, isitokhwe karhulumente. Noko ke, ezinye iingcali ndibize lo exchange endala (kuthelekiswa a th) kwaye kakuhle iSADC maxesha.

Ekupheleni konyaka ka-2011, ii-amabini bafana uluhlu olunye izibambiso kwamiswa wasebenza kwindawo entsha. Iinkampani zidweliswe izabelo leyo yaba a th zangaphambili, wawa kwizintlu Classica and Standard unathi. Ngenxa yoko, kweli candelo kuthiwa 'core market "zorhwebo baye baba asethi elalisakuba MICEX.

A th Index: The Facts

Ukubala we indices kwi a th stock exchange kuqhutywa ngo-1995. Ekuqaleni kwakukho-13 iintlobo izibambiso. Trade waqala ukuba afakele izabelo ipotifoliyo ngokuthe lakhula laba amaxesha kweshumi ezimbalwa. Oosomashishini waqonda ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yintoni iingenelo a th index, nto leyo sisixhobo enkulu zokutsala eyinkunzi. Ixabiso inkulu a th portfolio yokurhweba sabhalwa ngowe-2008, kwi 2500 amanqaku. Isabelo inkulu kuchaphulo wayekwiqela ezinkulu weenkampani Russian ( "Gazprom", "Lukoil", "Savings"), kunye nezakhiwo ezifana "Rosneft" VTB "Surgutneftegas". Ishedyuli a th, njengoko umthetho, zibonise imeko yokwenene zonke ezi amashishini.

I MICEX index: izibakala

MICEX Index waqala kubalwa ngo-1997 esekelwe kwiziphumo izibambiso abathengisa, ebanjwe yonke imihla. Eyona iphambili ukurhwe- exchange, ngokutsho kwezinye abahlalutyi, kukuba ukubala iingcaphulo lezabelo kwakuhambelana kwamaxabiso e engange.

Oku kukhokelela ekubeni i-MICEX kunye elikufutshane Russian a th "alwayo" baso ukubonisa i dynamics eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo utshintsho le engange kwiimarike exchange angaphandle kwi US dollar. Ubuninzi kurhwebo, apho kubonakala MICEX kunye a th, soloko wabumba isakhiwo esifanayo - kwiinkampani ze-oyile negesi, imizi emikhulu egcina imali kunye namashishini mveliso.

Yintoni lekusasa?

Ikusasa - isivumelwano amabini phakathi nxaxheba kwiimalike zemali ukuba umhla oluthile ziya kwenziwa ezithile deal. Xa umhla ekuvunyelwene kunye nexesha kwenzeka, elinye iqela othengisa asethi, kunye nezinye - ukuyithenga. An into umdla kukuba amakamva azikho zorhwebo okanye izibambiso. Esi sixhobo ingohlobo wayo ngoku wabonakala ngenxa kuphela nge-commerce izakhono kunye abarhwebi babhalise izivumelwano yenyani phakathi abarhwebi. Xa bazisebenzise, kukho eziphambili parameters ezimbini - asethi kunye ixesha lesivumelwano.

Kukho iikota ezongezelelweyo esivumelwano, ezifana "uphawu" (utshintsho kunokwenzeka kobubanzi), imali yokhuseleko, imida utshintsho ngexabiso. abarhwebi abaninzi bayavuma ukuba ikamva zokurhweba - sisixhobo kakhulu ukuze bazuze kwinqanaba efanelekileyo emngciphekweni. Ukuba Iintengiselwano aluphumelelanga ilahleko ingaba obonakalayo kakhulu. Kodwa, ke, ukuba isivumelwano ibe nempumelelo - umrhwebi unemali isixa esikhulu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali zezimali, ukuze imisele, njengoko oko kungqinwa ikusasa kwigrafu. I-a th Index (oko kukuthi, siye safumanisa), ngokukodwa, ichaphazela imeko bemibutho ngobukhulu kweli lizwe kwaye intengiselwano ngokwesiseko lwamaphepha kufuna indlela elungeleleneyo kuvavanyo seziqingatha yomrhwebi.

A th - kanye eqongeni engcono amakamva?

Ezinye barhwebi bakholelwa ukuba a th wayengomnye konxibelelwano ezininzi ezifanelekileyo amakamva zorhwebo. Balala ukhetho lwabo ngaphezu kwabo bonke yokuba kule ndawo kwakukho iimeko ukuba i "uthango" olusebenzayo (kuyibiyela) iingozi. A umrhwebi ungakhetha ekujoliswe, kusekwe isiphakamiso a amakamva ezihlawula: on the a th index ye inkampani okanye imin lokubala eliguqukayo iikowuteshini. Bakholwa ukuba bezimali, i a th sesalathisi ingqalelo kwinqanaba elisemthethweni, ngoko intengiso ikamva kwi istock exchange waphawulwa amatyala eliphezulu. Hi ndlela leyi, ixabiso share i - kakhulu Isalathisi ngokucacileyo imeko yokwenene yemicimbi kuqoqosho Russian.

Xa ungena kwi intengiselwano amakamva kwi unathi, abarhwebi ahlawule umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezimbini - uvavanyo kwesivumelwano kunye neendleko zokuphunyezwa kwayo. I parameter ebalulekileyo ngexesha ukusebenza amakamva - iikowuteshini exchange avareji, nto leyo busisigxina kwentengiso ivaliwe. Ukufikelela kwimvumelwano efanayo phezu a th baba phantse bonke abarhwebi, kwanokuba ikomkhulu zabo zizincinci (kodwa kulo mzekelo kuya kufuneka uqhagamshelane imibutho broker). Phakathi bezimali, ngoko babekholelwa ixesha elide ukuba okusingqongileyo ezimpilweni amakamva yorhwebo - oku a th oko kulinganiswa ngokwaneleyo isibonisi-mali.

Ukusuka apho kwakuxhomekeke kowuteshini MICEX?

Phambi kokuba MICEX a th Washumayela kunye nabarhwebi kwakhokelela kurhwebo yakhe, kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Abahlaziyi uqaphele ukuba nezalathiso kwi exchange iziphumo ikakhulu ivela kwisikhundla beenkampani ezinkulu, abaninzi ulwelo Russian. Olona phawu ephambili MICEX Stock Exchange, ngokutsho iingcali, yaba kukuba izinto ezithethwe ngabantu abacatshu- aye wayibonisa imisebenzi yakhe kuwo engange. Iingcali ezininzi zemali cinga kwisalathiso amaziko zemali kwi-stock emarikeni Russian Federation. Ngokutsho izibalo zabo, kwiminyaka ethile malunga ne-90% ye-nengeniso lezabelo Russian iwela MICEX. Ukutshintsha iikowuteshini kwi ngokutshintshiselana njengoko abanye abahlaziyi bakholelwa, oko kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi imeko kwiinkampani ezifana "Lukoil", "Rosneft", "Gazprom", kwakunye kwi "Savings Bank". Kwakukho, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, imithetho ezibonakalisa ukuxhomekeka le indices MICEX kwi ukutshintshiselana angaphandle kunye neziganeko ngamazwe. Ezinye bezimali Kukholelwa ukuba le Moscow Exchange zidityanisiwe iye yafakwa imisebenzi emininzi ngaphambili ethile MICEX.

Iimarike Stock aphesheya

MICEX kunye a th, yaye kamva - le Moscow Stock Exchange, zigqalwa isalathisi iphambili imarike stock Russian. Kunika umdla ukubona indlela amalungiselelo iinkqubo zotshintshiselwano kunye index le kwamanye amazwe. Makhe siqale eUnited States. Mhlawumbi isalathiso imfuyo idumileyo ehlabathini - Dow Jones ezomhlaba Industrial. It ibalwa ngaphezu kweminyaka elikhulu. Kwiminyaka yokuqala kwisalathisi start-up baba kwizabelo iinkampani ezili-12. Ngoku ngokhuselo zayo iinkampani ezinkulu US kweshumi eziliqela. Noko ke, njengoko kuqatshelwe abanye abahlaziyi, isalathiso Dow Jones Industrial Average bakurholela umthamo lezabelo ngeenxa kuphela-20% yalo lonke imarike stock US. Ngoko ke, ukususela kwinqanaba umbono zokuvavanya imeko uqoqosho nale kowuteshini unaniso alumelanga kakhulu.

Kwi-US, kukho isalathiso 500 kwaye ukutshintsha igama elifanayo izabelo ezidweliswe ziinkampani ezingamakhulu amahlanu Standard & Poors '. Kuyinto imali kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne iikowuteshini kwi uluhlu lwe Dow Jones. Ekhaya US stock exchange, apho izabelo ngazo amashishini eliphezulu-zobugcisa - NASDAQ. Iinkampani ngaphezu kwama 5,000 zimelwe kule sayithi. EJapan, imarike engundoqo - nguye Nikkei, eJamani - DAX, France - CAC. Xa elingummelwane Russia, kakhulu, kufuneka iimarike yabo imfuyo. E Ukraine, oku RFTS, Kazakhstan - Kase.