Barsakelmes Island kuLwandle Aral

Barsakelmes - ngaphambili kwi siqithi yesibini ngobukhulu, kwaye ngoku - iphecana kumantla oLwandle Aral yomile, kummandla Kyzylorda of Kazakhstan. Name Barca Kelmes ( "yiya - akukho ukubuyela"), ngokutsho legend, edibene ukufa kabuhlungu iintsapho ezininzi obeyithabathe indawo kwi siqithi ebudeni bemfazwe yamakhaya. Ehambahamba lexinene ebusika kwi ngumkhenkce, abantu anqamka ukusuka iziphango elunxwemeni watshabalalisa ice kwebhulorho. Bakwazi ukuba asinde nasebusika ngokuthi izilwanyana kuzingela kunye neentaka, esasaza umlilo saxaul kunye ukunyibilika ikhephu, kodwa ehlotyeni amachibi meltwater woma, yaye zonke iimbacu babulawa lunxano.

Iimpawu ze-siqithi

Uphononongo lwaqala Barsakelmes Butakova hambo ngo-1848. Isiqithi ngokwayo kunye noLwandle Aral kwi mephu zinokujongwa ngezantsi. Ukususela ngoko, izazinzulu ziye waphawula ukuba le nxalenye ye umhlaba utshintsha ubungakanani bayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i emanzini anamandla shoaling. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1960, esi siqithi 23 km ngobude, kwi-1980 - 30 km, ukuya ummandla macala 300. km. Ngo-1990, njengoko ichibi yokomisa Barsakelmes wajika usingasiqithi, kwaye ngo-2009 ulwandle macala yomile, waza waba umda endalo yezwe.

sezulu

Island Barsakelmes Aral Sea yi kabukhali kummandla lwemozulu lizwekazi. Oku kubonakala utshintsho ezinkulu lobushushu ngamaxesha kunye diurnal. Le isiqwenga somhlaba bobabo i North-zemozulu ummandla Turan kwindawo eyintlango. I-avareji Julayi ubushushu - + 25 ° ... + 26 ° C, ubuninzi - + 42 ° ... + 44 ° C. NgoFebruwari jikelele sivela -10 ° C ukuya -13 ° C. Izinga eliphantsi lobushushu ndakutywina kwi -36 ° C.

ixesha elide ebandayo (elishumi yokuqala ka December ukuya ku elishumi yokuqala ngoMatshi), kodwa zibandakanya nomkhe- rhoqo kunye lobushushu zero. Ixesha amaqondo abangenagama elingaphaya 0 °, ithatha iintsuku 227-237 ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya 20/25 8/13 kukaNovemba. Imozulu frost-likhululwe isithuba seentsuku 173-178.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha ehlotyeni ukufuma iphantsi, iintsuku namafu%-10 kuphela (winter - 50%). Spring lifutshane, kwaye ikhephu linyibilika ngokukhawuleza. Imvula iphantsi - 126-128 mm ngonyaka ngamnye, apho uninzi lwalo iwile onyaka ezibandayo. Iinyanga kakhulu lemvula - Apreli nango-Oktobha. Uqinise cover ikhephu ubunzulu cm 10-15 ku-40 kwiintsuku 80-90. ubunzulu neGauteng umhla- 45 cm. Xa iqabaka ebusika yimimoya enamandla rhoqo. omiswe Sea lwemozulu yenziwa, iqondo libukhali ehlotyeni avareji wavuka 2-2,5 ° C, ubusika wawisa 1-2 ° C.

Ukubunjwa komhlaba

Island Barsakelmes de 1965 waba ezininzi amanzi emhlabeni. Ezi ichibi kakhulu Lagoon, nto leyo kubekwe ngecala lasentshonalanga. Ezi amadama unendawo abangama-490 yeehektare, ubunzulu yabo kweemitha 1.5-2. Umhlaba wendlela yoLwandle Aral - ndiyingwevu-omdaka, kuquka saline kunye takyr-anetyuwa ixhaphakileyo. omiswe ulwandle kubangele etyuwa umphezulu ephakamileyo ngenxa yokufuduka nje yimimoya lweTyuwa yolwandle.

ukukhululeka

Island eLwandle Aral ukuba isiqabu yahlulwe ezimbini. Lokuqala - i mathafa ephakamileyo wasemzantsi kubude obungaphezulu yeemitha 108, okwesibini - esemazantsi ukuya emntla. In emantla-ntshona, ngasentla kunye empuma kwiindunduma zentlabathi zimi kunxweme yangaphambili. Xa ububanzi bafikelela iikhilomitha ezimbini ukuya entshona 200-440 m empumalanga.

labantu

De ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, le yindawo Barsakelmes eyintlango, inani isigxina ukuba ilahlekile. Cacisa ukuba yayilula ngokwaneleyo. Okokuqala, oku kubangelwe indawo kunye nemozulu neempawu. Kwiminyaka 1929-1939 kwi Barsakelmes wenza kuzingela ngokuqinileyo "Soyuzpushnina" izindlu kwi Manor engundoqo kunye dugouts, zokufihla intloko ngenxa isithuba nomatse komhlaba lokuloba. amadama yethutyana ukuqokelela amanzi emvula nekhephu zakhiwa ukuba iimfuno zabantu kunye kwisiqithi imfuyo amazwe kunye njengeula eli.

reserve Barsakelmes

Ngowe-1939, engcweleni siqithi yasekwa, omnye ogama imisebenzi le enomfanekiso lweentlobo ezinqabileyo ezisengozini. Emva ngo-1929, wazisa Barsakelmes yiSAIGA ngo-1953 - kulan, apho wayecebe domesticate kwaye ukuwela namahashe ukuvelisa neemeyile. Ngu-kwenkulungwane kwenziwe zokungaqheli nebhadi, nembila, Gopher-ilitye pheasant kunye nesakhwatsha. Kula namabhadi baba izinto eziphambili wokhuseleko, kodwa emva 2009 ugxuba umkile usingasiqithi kwaye saa kulo lonke emathafeni. YiSAIGA ekupheleni kuka-1980, inani lilonke yaba ngabantu 30, yaye abanye uyabanda ukudubula ngenxa ukuzingela olungalawulwayo, okanye ngamaxhoba abe iingcuka, abo bahlala kwi siqithi ngaloo mihla. Wavele, inxalenye lenkomo ngokusebenzisa ice ebusika yafudukela nezwe.

umhlaba emifuno

Barsakelmes island zizakubalulwa ngabameli ezikhethekileyo izihluma. Angiosperms iintlobo 257 ngoweqela kwisizukulwana 172 iintsapho 46. Esilawulwa goosefoot, apho kukho iintlobo-41, kuquka eqhelekileyo kummandla saxaul abamnyama ebharhileyo, Anabasis salsa kunye boyalysh. halophytes Egqugqisileyo herbaceous, kwakunye iintlobo quinoa kunye Climacoptera. Usapho imelwe cereal ezininzi ndikwabuthathaka wheatgrass intlango iintsiba. umhlonyane gray kuyanda phakathi kanti elithi. Cruciferous - iintlobo-26, inkoliso deskurenii Sofia kunye Goldbach. Imidumba zibe anqabe kakhulu, kodwa ke kwiindawo ezincinane wambi alawulwa yomnga isanti, Grandiflora caragana kunye namakhakakhaka inkamela. Ezi iintsapho ezintlanu onelungelo 57% ye-izihluma basekuhlaleni.

Ngokubanzi, ihlabathi isityalo bobabo i Turan kwiphondo floristic. Kazakhstan Iintlobo ezisoloko zikho: iintsiba Turgay, melkokolyuchkovy Kandy quinoa oluhlabayo, petrosimoniya, iintlobo eziliqela abantamo-iinwele of ngumhlonyane; switchgrass, pyatidolchataya, kakuhle ngayo. Jer ezininzi komtamariske. Enye izihombo ezi Barsakelmes entlango saxaul ooAshera, nge ekuphakameni 2.5-3 iimitha kuma.

jikelele silwane

ekuyo ezisendle iintlobo-20, phakathi kwabo kuphela emhlabeni nasemanzini, eluhlaza xoxo abahlala kummandla amachibi okwethutyana. Phakathi ezirhubuluzayo zixhaphakileyo takyr agama. cottonmouth kakhulu eqhelekileyo Pallas, utolo-inyoka, gecko squeaky, ehlala Anabasis salsa-seropolynnoy entlango. Untulo zendunduma ezifumaneka ngokukhawuleza. iintlobo Rare ezi coluber kunye emathafeni nofudo.

Island Barsakelmes esisityebi ezahlukahlukeneyo ngabameli zeentaka. Le avifauna iqulathe malunga 211 iintlobo zeentaka, zombini yokwakha kunye afuduka. Kwizowuni yonxweme xa ekwiseli dada izidenge, nengcwangube olugobileyo lokuvala, mallard, garganey, idada ezingwevu, shoveler, eyakhiwe, loqoqosho lweCaspian. umonakalo omkhulu ukuya kwisokethi emhlabeni phezu zokuqubha kunye iziqithi isanti, impungutye isicelo. Kwi emaweni shelduck omiweyo, zinamendu omnyama, pleshanka, undlunkulu eweni, jackdaw, eYurophu bee-esidla, yaye kwiminyaka ethile yokwakha iintaka inyama - saker nesangxa kunye kestrel.

Ezincancisayo ngowe-1990 kwakukho iintlobo 12: amancinci ezincinanana fat-tailed nempuku nempuku (bomthonyama), shrew bicolored, Gopher-yelitye (iintlobo zorhwebo), Hamster ezingwevu, impungutye, ingcuka kunye nabanye ngaphambidlana Korsak ke ngowe-1960 yatshatyalaliswa iimpungutye ..

Ngamafuphi

imbali Isiqithi yeyona kakhulu umdla. Malunga naye kaHomer. Le ndawo yomhlaba eyodwa yaye kungakholeleki. Abantu abaninzi baye babonisa ukuba ixesha azithathelwa ngqalelo (iyure kwi siqithi kubalwe iintsuku nezwe). Kukho yaphela iinqanawa ezinkulu ukuba idade kuLwandle Aral. Kwimephu, nto leyo wenziwe okwangoku, i-siqithi ayiboniswanga, ukususela ngo-2009, oko yaphela ngenxa ukomisa ezininzi kule ndawo.