Art eMesopotamiya: Iinkalo eziphambili

Imbali ethile yaqala kuMbindi Mpuma. Ngaphezu ezintandathu enesiqingatha iminyaka eliwaka eyadlulayo entilini imilambo ezimbini, emEfrati kunye neTigrisi, waqalisa ukwenza kwiziko inkcubeko yehlabathi. Ngoku kule ndawo Iraq. Emva koko ke eMesopotamiya - eli lizwe, apho kwakuhlala amaBhabhiloni, Aram, namaPersi, Sumerians, Akadi, amaKaledi. Inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa kweMilambo iphumelele impumelelo olukhulu ngaloo maxesha. Abemi lizwe udale isixeko iitempile elikhulu nokubhala balufunda.

Imvelaphi yesiko eMesopotamiya

Mhlawumbi, uphuhliso lobugcisa nenkcubeko negalelo inani elikhulu abantu ezahlukeneyo kuyo kwindawo enye. inkcubeko yaseSamariya kuphuhliswa emva kokuwa amakhosi, nazo kuchatshazelwa namaPersi babo Aram. Loo Sumerians yaba wabaseki uncwadi lizwe. Oonobumba waba negalelo elikhulu phezu vutshila kweMilambo yamandulo, kuba ngoncedo le isimbo sokubhala zadalwa nje kuphela ngamaxwebhu karhulumente, kunye ezinde zenzululwazi, kodwa imisebenzi yezandla, izicatshulwa zonqulo zemibongo, ezinye zisekhona unanamhla.

Sumerians wabeka isiseko sophuhliso karhulumente yenzululwazi, baza bazimisela ukuya iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela kunye iinqaba. Iminyaka engamawaka amabini BC, ubugcisa eMesopotamiya kwaye zimelwe yi imisebenzi isicelo nezelinen ecikizekileyo, uncwadi kunye nomculo
imibhalo.

Architecture kweMilambo

yayiziimfazwe ziye zakhokelela ekubeni kwicala engundoqo lwezakhiwo wawenzelwe ukwakha inqaba. Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo izixeko eMesopotamiya baba isango enamandla, iingcango ngakumbi yaye izakhelo, iikholam enzima. iingonyama yeBronzi obekwe kwi emnyango, bazisa baseBhabhiloni. Ukongeza, kukho iindlela zokwakha anjengenqaba kunye uphahla, neengqameko. Izindlu zazakhiwe nodongwe kunye izitena, xa kanye ndisembindini wesixeko, njengoko umgaqo, waba enqaba.

Iitempile, ziggurats yona ukuba amakholwa abo bakwazi ukuza apho mabeze nezithabathaba kuThixo. Yeyona ubugcisa bokwakha kweMilambo uye wadala enye yeetempile abadumileyo kwimbali - kwiNqaba yaseBhabheli. Yaba ukwakhiwa iinqaba ezisixhenxe ibekwe enye ngezantsi enye ngasentla, kwaye phezu kwaba uyitempile uthixo Marduk. Esinye isakhiwo ebalulekileyo - esangweni le uIshtar. WaseBhabheli, ngoko sixeko sikhulu kurhulumente, yazala a lot of amabhotwe neetempile, kodwa isango enamandla ezihonjiswe iithayile aluhlaza imifanekiso zeenkomo neempungutye, wema phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo bokwakha.

glyptics

art eMesopotamiya alondolozwa ukuze imihla yethu glyptics. Le khaxa, elirhangqiweyo imifanekiso wonqanyulwa, ngokuqhelekileyo ilitye (wokushicilela, nemisesane, zitsha, neenkamba, BAS) elalenziwe izinqumo. lo mzobo yabantu usoloko uvezwa impumlo kwiprofayile, imilenze ngapha, namehlo ngaphambili. Art alibonisi ubunyani, kwaye wafumana ncwadi, isiko elithile zobugcisa. Mountains kunye nemithi nako kuboniswe isalamane kunye symmetrically. Imisebenzi azibonisi le ngamnye umakhi, namandla akhe ukuyila sculpture ngokutsho ncwadi jikelele. Ngoko ke, thina siyasigcina iisampulu glyptic unganako ngokwakhe ukuyilawula le inkcubeko yaseSamariya yokuqala xa iyonke, kunokuba kwi ezinye iinkosi zawo.