Art christian: icons kunye ebhanyabhanya. Indima of Christianity zobuciko

art christian idlale indima ebalulekileyo, kuba ukususela ekuqalweni kwayo i icon abaninzi kubhaliwe kwathiwa, kwakunye ebhanyabhanya ngomxholo yonqulo. Imbali of Christianity uneminyaka engaphezu kwama amawaka amabini, ngaxeshanye yenye unqulo abathathu zehlabathi. Yaba negalelo elikhulu kwihlabathi yomntu, ngokuba lonke eli xesha ukwakha ezininzi iicawa neetempile ehlabathini lonke. Kuba umhombiso kwabo basebenza kunye namagcisa ezininzi, ukuze ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba unqulo kunye zobugcisa zinxulumene kakhulu.

Art Western

Eneneni, ukwanda ubuKristu kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo eMpuma kunye West, ngoko kwimizobo kwakukho abathile umahluko. Umzekelo, UbuKrestu kwimizobo kwemifanekiso ebhanyabhanya e Western eYurophu esengqiqweni nangakumbi, artists apho bakhetha ukunika indalo zabo iqondo eliphezulu ndaba.

Oko kukhokelele kwinto yokuba uhlobo olutsha ngokupheleleyo zobugcisa - Art Nova. Lubonakala yi kukuba i icon sele ngokuthe ngcembe umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo, kodwa umxholo yonqulo, ngenxa yokuba ngabapeyinti wathetha bali ivangeli, uzama ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo bonke, nokuba neenkcukacha ezincinane.

Art Nova and Jan van Eyck

Ukuze ubuye bachukumisa ubugcisa entsha eMpuma Yurophu, apho ukubhalwa kwemifanekiso ebhanyabhanya uye waba ongenantandabuzo nakunqulo-eyimfihlakalo ecacileyo yentsusa. Kwaba njalo kwi eNetherlands ngenkulungwane ye-15. Ngumzobi wokuqala wagqiba kukuveza umfanekiso ayinanto yakwenza nonqulo, waba Jan van Eyck - uye wadala umzobo Arnolfini.

Enyanisweni, ukuba idabi ngelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba abantu kuqala eboniswe bume ngemihla kubo ngaphandle izandi ezincinane zonqulo. Kude kube lelo xesha ukwahlulwa kweekhonsepthi ezifana unqulo nobugcisa, akunakwenzeka. Noko ke, ukuba ukhangela kubalinganiswa ubona kulo mfanekiso, kunokwenzeka ukuba agcine ubukho uMoya oyiNgcwele uqononondisa kwimizi iinkcukacha zala mazwe. Ngokomzekelo, ngomhla ka chandelier amakhandlela yaye zikhanyiswe, omnye kuphela - oko bubungqina limangalisa, ubukho balo eliyimfihlakalo i Arnolfini kwigumbi kushada.

Umqondiso phakathi kwemifanekiso ebhanyabhanya

Indima Christianity kwezobugcisa ayikwazi phantsi, ngokwenyani kwasekwa yonke inkcubeko kweyama elidlulileyo nempembelelo inqubo ye njengomntu oqhelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, ii icon sokubhala isimbo kunye ebhanyabhanya ngandlel abayinqobo kuye, nokuqonda zonke iinkcukacha bekuya kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba kungekhona ngenxa ingqikelelo kwingcingane iimpawu inkcubeko.

Umqondiso into multilayered yaye ngokufuthi kakhulu kunzima ukuqonda, kuba ngokuyintloko lenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaphulaphuli bangaliboni ngenkuthalo. Iconography - Art zamaKristu - into buzane ngokupheleleyo kunye neesimboli, izinto ezo lula ukuwuqonda, kufuneka baqonde kwinqanaba enobuchule.

ziqonde iisimboli

Eneneni, xa sicinga into njengesiqhelo, uphawu ngokwalo liya kuba 'ekhangela' kuthi. Enoba kunjalo, kufuneka uqwalasele zonke iisimboli zamaKristu, kwakunye izimiso, ubengukumkani kwimizobo of the Ages Aphakathi. Baya wabhenela iimvakalelo zomntu kunye ienjini yakhe, hayi nje ukuba baqiqe. Ekubeni amaxabiso ngesimboli enye inokuba ezimbalwa, ngoko, kuqwalaselwa icon kufuneka zikhethwe nguye eyayiza ukuziphikisa isimbo kunye nomoya eli xesha, lo umyalelo ngokubanzi, kwakunye nexesha.

Ngokomzekelo, xa sithetha ngayo amanani, lo inani 7 ofuzisela yogqibelelo kunye nokugqitywa amanyathelo. Ngapha koko, kukho amanqaku ezisixhenxe, nezono ezisixhenxe eziyingozi, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki okanye iimpawu ezisixhenxe.

Meaning of imibala in icons ebhanyabhanya

Ukuba sithethe imibala ezisetyenziswa xa kubhalwa ii icon, umbala oluhlaza luphawu ubungangamsha ngokomoya, akanakwaziwa nokutyhilwa ubunzulu. umbala Golden lisoloko ifuziselwa Bunobungangamela uzuko lukaThixo leyo wehla phezu bonke abangcwele. Kungenxa yoko le nto umbala igolide kukho yangasemva icon, nobumhlophe ngoYesu, esikhanyisela ngeenxa zonke kuye, a halo abangcwele okanye impahla efanayo ukusuka Virgin uMariya noYesu. Oku, ngokutsho zabazobi, le ndlela iyimpumelelo yobungcwele kubonisa yokuba ndingenguye owehlabathi amaxabiso lwaza obungunaphakade.

UbuKristu wanika umbala omthubi kunye nokubaluleka ethile lokomfuziselo - zingamandla ephakamileyo zezulu. Abanye abaphandi banengcinga ukuba indawo nje igolide.

Nkqu ngoku, inoluvo lokuba umbala omhlophe imele ubunyulu nobunyulu na. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-nxaxheba kwihlabathi nguThixo ephakamileyo, ngoko iimpahla zikaYesu, yaye zonke amalungisa kwi ngokupheleleyo nayiphi icon okanye mosaic ebonisa emhlophe. Owona mzekelo kulandwa kule nkalo ingoma "Umgwebo Wokugqibela."

Le malunga epheleleyo umbala omhlophe omnyama, ngoko ixabiso layo nayo mbono - ngumgama ubuninzi evela eNkosini, nokubandakanyeka esihogweni, okanye emnyama efuziselwa buhlungu, usizi nentlungu.

Amagcisa Blue wazama ukudlulisela ubunyulu nobulungisa, ngoko ke kuthiwa umbala Virgin.

Red wayesoloko achazwe umntu lowo unamandla namandla kakhulu. Obomvu umbala yokumkani, ngoko kubhaliweyo yokwaleka enjalo Arhangela Mihaila, lowo ingqalelo inkokeli yomkhosi wasemazulwini, kwakunye St George, ngubani oyiphumeleleyo nyoka. Kodwa umlinganiswa onjalo waba intsingiselo ngaphezu kwesinye, ngoko kungathetha nokuba ukholo okanye ezilwanyana igazi.

Amaninzi zifumaneka ipeyinti eluhlaza i icon, ngenxa yokuba unanamhla njengophawu lobomi obungunaphakade, yintlahla obungunaphakade. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, wayesithi umbala uMoya oyiNgcwele.

Zimpawu icons

Onke amagcisa zigxininise abo baphambili komzimba yabo imifanekiso kunye ebhanyabhanya. art christian - ingxoxo ngalo mba wathabatha iingcali ixesha elininzi, ngoko asichaphazeli kuphela imibala asetyenziswa, kodwa izijekulo, intsingiselo yawo yokomoya kunye ezingcwele.

Umzekelo, ukuba isandla licinezelwe esifubeni sakhe, ngoko ke usoloko kwakuthetha uvelane. Ukuba iphakamile, kwaba umnxeba cwaka okanye umnxeba ukuba baguquke. Ukuba isandla uboniswa eyolukileyo, kunye wesundu evulekileyo, ngoko olu hlobo kwentobelo. Ukuba iingalo wazolula phambili kwaye asuse kancinane, isenokuba nokukhunga, ngenxa yabo ehlabathini, uncedo, okanye yesitshixo yesicelo.

Ukuba ngezandla zozibini ukucinezwelwa izidlele zayo, ngoko oku kwakuthetha ukuba umntu ufumana intlungu kunye nosizi. izijekulo zinjalo ixhaphake kakhulu, kodwa ke, kukho ezinye, echaza iingcali nokuba onamava ngamanye amaxesha kunzima.

UbuKristu kwimizobo ziyivela kakhulu kwesa izinto zime ezandleni imifanekiso yabalinganiswa. Ngokomzekelo, umpostile uPawulos wayedla uvezwa iVangeli ngesandla. Kakhulu kuncipha ezotywe ikrele esandleni sakhe, eyayifuzisela iLizwi likaThixo. Kuba uPetros, ebonakala ngu yokuba ivezwe kunye izitshixo ezandleni ubukumkani bukaThixo. Izityalo - iisimboli of Christianity kwimizobo - naye eliqhelekileyo, ngokunjalo ukholo uvezwa esebeni wesundu, kuba luphawu ubandakanyeka ebukumkanini bamazulu. Umprofeti ngokuqhelekileyo zigcinwe imisongo izandla iziprofeto zabo.

icon Language

Art ukusuka kwindawo yokucingela UbuKrestu "phambili" yeVangeli. Zonke izijekulo, izinto nemibala kuvela kwi icon, simanyene uluhlu abanalo amandla ikhala. Olu hlobo icons zolwimi, ngalo thina wasondela yi ukuwubamba elidlulileyo, ukuzama ukuba kufumana amagqabantshintshi ezinzulwini umphefumlo womntu kwaye nzulu intsingiselo obufihlakeleyo ukholo lwamaKristu. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kwakukholelwa ukuba amehlo - isipili yomphefumlo, ukuze amagcisa zisetyenziswa ngenkuthalo.

Kunokuba kufuneka kuba ukwenza oonobumba zabo ezichazayo ngakumbi ukuba sigqwethe ngokukodwa olinganise ubuso, ukwenza esweni ngakumbi. Ngokutsho kwabo, uya kujolisa amehlo, kwaye abaphulaphuli baya kuziva ukuba izinto ezinqwenelwa ngakumbi.

Utshintsho kumfanekiso ubuso abangcwele

Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-15, kumaxesha Rublevskie, lo mkhuba ahlala phantsi. Kodwa ke, nangona yokuba amehlo bachazwa bangabanye ayinkulwanga kangako yaye languid, sekunjalo ahlawulwa kakhulu ixesha elininzi kunye nengqalelo. Ukongezelela koko, baye ezintsha eziliqela apho. Umzekelo, Feofan grek uvezwa abangcwele icons zazo neziseko ngeliso ezingenanto, okanye nje amehlo am ivaliwe. Ngale ndlela, wazama ukubonisa ukuba amehlo zabangcwele belisoloko ingqalelo kungekhona umntu zehlabathi, kodwa ukuba Eyokuqiqa kwehlabathi ephakamileyo, umthandazo wangaphakathi, babebonakala ukuba baqonde inyaniso kaThixo.

Amanani abantu abangcwele icons kunye ebhanyabhanya

Wonke ujonge icon, wathi kuye ukuba abangcwele ebasingasingile kukhanye kakhulu, ngokungathi edada emoyeni. A nomphumela ofanayo kwaphunyelelwa amagcisa kuba zazimele nani engcwele ngaphantsi ezishinyeneyo ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye, bawurholela nemnogosloyno yabo, kunye elide ngokukodwa nangengalo.

A ubuchule efanayo ekudaleni kumbonisi umbono yesandi kunye nokungabikho imizimba physicality abangcwele, ukuze soyise bulkiness zabo. Njengoko ezicwangcisiweyo, oku kwakhokelela ekubeni babebonakala ukundanda ngaphezu komhlaba, kwaye ngathi kufuneka ibe ibinzana ngqo karhulumente mfanekiselo, ngokunjalo ngokomoya.

Indawo yangasemva icon kunye nentsingiselo yalo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ngundoqo mfanekiso bekusoloko umntu, kwaye nayo i imvelaphi ebalulekileyo ebonisa emva kwakhe. Njengomgaqo, amagcisa wazama ukuba ezinye intsingiselo yawo, njalo kukhuthazwe abathandi ubuciko Eyokuqiqa elide kwemfihlelo ebifihliwe kwasephakadeni, babefuna ukuba adlulisele.

Iintaba ezisemfanekisweni qho, amagumbi, imithi ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo kunye zenza nokwakhiwa na ubuhle. Ukuba gxwa intsingiselo esingumqondiso konke oku, iintaba ukumela indlela enzima olunameva ongowomntu, ngenxa yayo iNkosi uThixo. Enyanisweni, imifanekiso imithi ngamnye wamnika kubaluleke yesibini. Kodwa ke, nangona kunjalo, i-oki, nto leyo ngokufuthi kuboniswe, bekusoloko uphawu ubomi obungunaphakade. Vine kunye isitya kwisiqalo babegqalwa iisimboli yombingelelo elihlawulelayo likaYesu Kristu, kodwa ihobe - uphawu yoMoya oyiNgcwele.

Formation of umfanekiso of Christianity

amakholwa abaninzi bathi amiswa yobuKristu zaye wesiphithiphithi zonke-esela ubuhedeni. Kungenxa yoko le nto zobugcisa lamaKristu akakwazanga ukufumana nayiphi na imilo efanayo. Kuba ukuba zaye amaqhekeza ezininzi ezincinane. Amanye amagama athathwa kwenye inkolelo yobuhedeni Islamic Art. Ngoko ke obukhulu aphakathi ukuba zihlelwe nje kuphela iparameters ezifana eMpuma kunye neNtshona yeYurophu, kodwa nabanye abaninzi. buciko ixesha nangayiphi na indlela ayikwazanga alahle ilifa lidala, ngokuthe ngcembe inguqu ibe yinto entsha ngokupheleleyo. Imithombo isiko yenkolo imifanekiso ongcwele phakade abaziboni kuthi kwimbali, kweli xesha ebumnyameni dokonstantinovoy. Phakathi AMAGQABAZA ▸, yimizekeko ezinxulumene ngqo eli siko, ngokuba umfanekiso kaKristu sisigubungelo okanye Mandylion ngubani yalahleka engxoweni kaConstantinople ngo empi zakhe. Kubalulekile yindlela umfanekiso wethu Lady, nto leyo ekuthiwa yabhalwa eSt Luka. Ukuchana kwezi imifanekiso na umbuzo omkhulu, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. UYesu Virgin Mary abazotywe ngayo ngendlela njengoko echazwe kwi kwimibhalo ezininzi lamangqina kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo - kule abangamaKristu anti-ubuKristu zobuciko ngokufanayo.