Iinjini isithuthuthu: isixhobo, isimiso ukusebenza, iinkcukacha

Abaqhubi makhwelo ngamanye amaxesha ndicinga ukuba phawu lubalulekileyo, ezo iinjini izithuthuthu - sisixa enjini, nikholwe ukuba eli ziko liya kuhamba kakuhle, kodwa ukuba umthamo ngaphezu kwekhulu nemikhosi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kweli nani, kukho iimpawu ezininzi luchaphazela umgangatho umsebenzi enjinini.

Types of engines ngesithuthuthu

Kukho iinjini ngesibetho-ezimbini ze-inxeba ezine, umgaqo apho Kuthi ezahlukeneyo.

iseke inani eyahlukileyo cylinder njengoko izithuthuthu.

Ukongezelela injini carbureted lomthonyama, unako rhoqo ukufumana units inaliti. Ke ukuba uhlobo lokuqala elezithuthuthu esetyenziswayo ukuba wena ngokwakho, i-injini amafutha-ngokuzitofela inkqubo inaliti ngqo ukulungisa izandla zabo sele yingxaki. Kuye kudala ukuvelisa Bikes idizili kunye nokuba i-injini yombane. Eli nqaku liza kuqwalaselwa iimpawu zohlobo injini ngesithuthuthu isiBeki.

Njengoko injini iyasebenza

Iziqulathi ye injini thermal namandla amafutha ovuthayo iguqulelwa umsebenzi ngoomatshini. Nokususwa ngenxa piston xi igesi iyajikeleza a crankshaft nge ngendlela igeza. Le ndlela iquka crankshaft, intonga izihlanganisi, nemisesane piston, nezikhonkwane piston, njengesilinda.

Umahluko kubume kukhokelela zeeveki umsebenzi ezahlukeneyo kunye injini-stroke ezine.

injini stroke ezine

Iimoto ezinjalo banomsebenzi umjikelo ezine stroke piston neziphithiphithi ezimbini crankshaft. Driving isixhobo motor ubonisa piston injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kunye komsebenzi wayo.

1. Xa piston owongozelelweyo esehlela ukusuka kwindawo phezulu abafileyo, owanyayo umxube nge ivalve evulekileyo.

2. Ngexesha ucinezelo piston enyukela ukusuka kwiziko ezantsi abafileyo, compress lo mxube.

3. Xa ukusebenza ngexesha umxube, xa ikhanya yi elivutha yintlantsi zombane kunye neegesi uye phantsi piston.

4. Xa ukhupha piston, ephakamisa, edudulela iigesi zeemoto na nge qeda ivalve evulekileyo. Xa kwakhona ukuba ifikelela iziko top abafileyo, ivelufa zeemoto evaliwe, yaye yonke into kwakhona ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Chetyrehtaktnikov iingenelo:

• ukuthembeka;

• ukusebenza;

• exhaust akuyongozi;

• ingxolo encinane;

• amafutha ngaphambili ezihlangene ipetroli.

Uyilo olu hlobo ingabonisa kwisekethe zilandelayo.

injini enama-amabini

Umthamo yale hlobo injini ngesithuthuthu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphantsi, kwaye nomjikelo umsebenzi ithatha revolution elinye. Ukongeza, akukho zokungenisa zeemoto lwezivalo. Lo msebenzi izalana piston ngokwayo, apho ivula ivale imiphantsi kunye window kwi esipilini zezindlu. Carter kwakhona Ingasetyenziselwa utshintsho igesi.

Izinto eziluncedo yale injini zezi:

• kunye lomqulu lombhobho ukuba ngaba inobunzima engaphezu chetyrehtaktnik amaxesha 1.5-1.8;

• It has akukho camshaft yaye ivelufa;

• lemveliso ingabizi.

Iisilinda komsebenzi kuwo

Ukuhamba komsebenzi enye kunye nezinye imoto kwenzeka njengesilinda.

Le piston izanyazanyiswa njengokwasesipilini zezindlu okanye emkhonweni yokufaka umfanekiso. Ukuba Ukupholisa umoya uyasebenza, iimbambo zezindlu kuba ihempe, lo gama ngamanzi okupholisa - kwisisu lwangaphakathi.

Le crankshaft nge ngentonga osuka ifumana intshukumo piston, walenza laba ujikelezo, uze abapasa ugqithiso torque. Kwakhona ukusuka ekuqaleni ukusebenza kwakhe mechanism ukuhanjiswa igesi, impompo, generator kunye nokulungelelana emigodini. Le crankshaft unedolo ngaphezulu ngokuxhomekeke kwinani cylinder enye okanye.

Xa injini-inxeba ezine, akwitankana lizele ngcono ugwebu nomxube kuqala phambi kokuba piston ifikelela iziko phezulu abafileyo iphela emva kokuphumelela iziko esezantsi lwabafileyo.

Zokuhlanjululwa kuqala ngaphambi kokuba afike iziko esezantsi kwabafileyo, kunye neegesi zeemoto Phum ngexesha intshukumo piston ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwabafileyo. Emva koko, ivelufa zeemoto luvalwa ukuya iigesi kokushiya njengesilinda.

Ngomhla motor hlobo, ezi ndidi zilandelayo ixesha :

• OHV;

• OHC;

• DOHC.

Xa uhlobo wokugcina ubuncinane linani lweziqalelo, ukuze crankshaft unako ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, DOHC uya kuya kuxhaphaka kakhulu.

Izibetho-emine abe isakhiwo ngxuba xa kuthelekiswa ngekrele azigeqa kwajub-mabini, njengoko bazenze zambi inkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze kunye nendlela distribution igesi angekhoyo ngesibetho-emibini. Noko ke, baye lanwenwezela ngenxa yokuba ifuthe eyongayo ngaphantsi yingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo.

iinjini ngesithuthuthu avamise olulodwa, zeeveki-cylinder ezine. Kodwa kukho iiyunithi kunye isilinda ezintathu, ezintandathu neshumi. Iziqulathi ku-umgca nge - longitudinal okanye ezinqamlezayo, tye bephiki-, V ezimilise kunye L-ezimile. Umthamo ukusebenza of iinjini sidla ngaphezu kwesinye kunye nesiqingatha sesigidi cubic metres ezi izithuthuthu. amandla injini - ukusuka ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu ukuya ikhulu elinamanci asibhozo enjini.

oyile injini

Ukuthambisa ajikeleze kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba kuthintelwe naziphi ivuse kakhulu phakathi kweengxenye injini. It iqaphelwa esebenzisa oyile iimoto, ukuba isakhiwo enganyangekiyo ukusuka ukubekwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye viscosity ophantsi ngamaxabiso aphantsi. Ukongeza, ukuba ngaba awadali iidipozithi ukuba ungalwi ukuya kwezona zeplastiki kunye zerabha.

Oyile na ezimbiwa, semi-synthetic kunye zokwenziwa. Semi-ezenziwe kunye ezenziwe ayabiza kakhulu, kodwa ke ezi ntlobo ukhetha ngakumbi, kuba kukholelwa ukuba baluncedo kakhulu ukuba injini. Kuba ngesibetho-amabini kunye chetyrehtaktnikov basebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-oyile. nabo ayashiyana iqondo boost.

I "ezimanzi" kunye "owomileyo" sump

In -stroke ezine iinjini kusetyenziswa iindlela ezintathu supply ioli:

• begcina;

• uchaphazele;

• Supply wegazi.

Uninzi ngababini zochuku ukuba lubricated phantsi kwengcinezelo impompo oyile. Kodwa kukho kwakhona abo lubricated kunye yenkungu ioli, kwakheka ngenxa zokutshiza indlela igeza, kwakunye iindawo apho oyileni ngamajelo kunye bemvula. Ngaloo sump isebenza njenge ndawo. Ibizwa kulo mzekelo, i "ezimanzi".

Kwezinye izithuthuthu, inkqubo crankcase "owomileyo" apho omnye icandelo yeoli Impontshelwa kulo tanki, yaye omnye wondla phantsi koxinzelelo kwiindawo ivuse.

Xa duhtaktnikah ukuthambisa ajikeleze oyile kwenzeka into kunyuka amafutha. Oku ogalelwe ipetroli ngaphambili, okanye umbhobho owongozelelweyo inikezelwa yi nempompo nomthamo. Le mbono yokugqibela ibizwa ngokuba "inkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze eyahlukileyo." Kuyinto ixhaphake kakhulu weenjini amazwe. Ngo-Russia, i-nkqubo ungena injini yesithuthuthu "IZH Planet 5" yaye "Zid 200 Courier".

injini

Xa zamafutha combusted kwi-injini, ubushushu, ukusuka apho phantse amashumi amathathu anesihlanu ekhulwini eya emsebenzini luncedo yaye intsalela dissipated. Ngelo xesha, ukuba inkqubo imithamo kakuhle kwi nobushushu umphanda, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni jamming kunye nomonakalo. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, kusetyenziswa inkqubo sokupholisa, nto leyo umoya kunye engamanzi, kuxhomekeke kudidi lwe injini.

Olupholisa System Air

Kule ndawo, le nkqubo iphela yi emoyeni ezayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuba ukusebenza kakuhle intloko cylinder yenza kube exabe. Ngamanye amaxesha fan okupholisa banyanzeleka usebenzisa ngomatshini okanye zombane. Xa chetyrehtaktnikov kwakhona lupholile ngokucokisekileyo ioli, leyo komhlaba istili kuyenyuka nokuseka radiators ezizodwa.

injini Ulwelo

Option efana efakiweyo kwizithuthi. Nantsi ke isinqandi njengesipholisi, nto leyo a elisezantsi 'amazinyo (thabatha amane thabatha amathandathu degrees Celsius) kunye ophezulu-nokubilisa (ukusuka kwenye elinamanci mabini ukuya kwenye elinamanci mathathu degrees Celsius). Ukongeza, le isinqandi kunye anticorrosion iphunyelelwe yokuqaba isiphumo. asinakusetyenziswa manzi Pure ezinjalo.

Nobushushu kwenkqubo okupholisa ezinokubangelwa i sindisa okanye ezinokosulela imiphezulu, leyo ngobhobhozo ubushushu. Kwakhona, izinto ngamnye nawaphula kuso, ngenxa apho amanzi aphuma. Ngoko ke, lo Ukupholisa umsebenzi kufuneka rhoqo esweni.

inkqubo yonikezelo

Njengoko wamafutha osetyenzisiweyo ukuba ngesithuthuthu isiBeki inombolo ipetroli octane ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-93.

iinjini ngesithuthuthu babe inkqubo unikezelo lwamandla, equka itanki yamafutha, isivingco, icebo lokucoca ulwelo, filter umoya kunye isiBeki. Yayanele agcinwe netanki, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ngaphezu injini ukuya પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi yi flow womxhuzulane. Kwezinye iimeko, oku kubonelelwa impompo eyodwa okanye actuator cleaner. Le yokugqibela ingafunyanwa kwi kukubethwa-mabini.

Itanki yamafutha umntu isiciko indawo ezizodwa, apho umoya ongena. Noko ke, izithuthuthu ezininzi iintlanga, umoya udlula kwemithombo namalahle. Kwaye ezinye kuqweqwe lock le.

Ngenxa fuel umqhagi uthintelwe ayivuzi na isibaso.

Esebenzisa umoya lokucoca emoyeni engena isiBeki. Isihluzo ke iintlobo ezintathu.

1. Uhlobo indawo-oyile umoya ongena iziko, vula ngokusebenzisa izidanga 180 kwaye kuya lokucoca ulwelo. Ngaloo kususwa ngokuvula flow apho amasuntswana nzima ukuhlala eolini. Ngaloo lokucoca babonelelwa injini isithuthuthu "phambene" yaye "Iz '. Noko ke, kwelinye ngokusebenzisa ezinye iintlobo iphepha amagwebu.

2. izihluzi zamaphepha ezilahlwayo. Kufuneka kufakwe zonke yesondlo.

3. Amagwebu okucoca ngebhegi - zona wahlamba, ogalelwe ioli ube mnye kwakhona.

izithuthuthu Sports, apho 250 injini cc nangaphezulu namhlanje inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba "inani ngqo" yenzeka xa umoya inani phambi cowl, ngokwenjenjalo ngokuzalisa isilinda ngesantya esiphezulu inyuswe.

IsiBeki neentlobo zayo

Le izixhobo ulungiselela kwaye usasaza umxube air-fuel, leyo, emva kokuba engena njengesilinda. carburetors mini kweentlobo ezintathu:

• spool;

• ukuxutywa okuqhubekayo;

• babhalise.

Zonke iimowutha basekhaya motor isithuthuthu "phambene 'abe carburetors spool. Okungaqhelekanga kuphela i "phambene-East", apho ke isiBeki-njalo cleaner.

I-Interface કમ્બાઇનિંગ spool umcephe lever enxulumene entongeni yokuluka. Incidentally kuyo ilawulwa emoyeni ungena injini. Ngesilayidi vana enxulumene inaliti cone ukuba ifakiwe kwisixhobo. Xa litshintsha mxube is ahlanganiswe okanye sona. Zixhonywe jet gun amafutha yokutshiza. Kwaye zonke izinto ezenza inkqubo nomthamo.

Xa carburetors rhoqo intshukumo ukuxutywa umcephe usasazwa ugqithiselwa umcephe ezikufutshane ngomnyango le isiBeki. Umoya egumbini ngaphezu piston ulawulo esinxibelelana isiBeki ukuxuba egumbini. Ngoko kwenzeka ukuba intshukumo ye spool yi underpressure olulawulwayo kwisiqwenga otyiwa.

Bhalisa carburetors, ezo baxhotyiswa basemzini olunye-itankana chetyrehtaktniki ezifana iinjini Honda oludibanisa iintlobo ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Kuye amagumbi amabini okuxuba, apho spool umntu iqhutywa emphinini, lo gama enye - yi emoyeni egumbini ukuxuba.

yokuqalisa

Ukuqala injini ebandayo, imfuno ekucebiseni mxube. Kwezinye carburetors ngekhamera oku utopitel esijingayo. Xa sicinezelweyo oko intonga, inqanaba amafutha egumbini liphuma kakhulu ukuya kwinqanaba ngaphezu obuvumelekileyo. Ngenxa yoku, amafutha uqala ukugeleza kungena conduit otyiwa. Inxalenye yale amafutha aphumela ngaphandle. Noko ke, kangangexesha elithile, ukwakhiwa carburetors amalungiselelo ukuze ngababini musa uwe. yoyilo zifuna ukusetyenziswa anikel umxube, nto leyo ziliminxe okanye omnye umhlathi amafutha. It iyasetyenziswa endaweni utopitelya.

Kutshanje, ngesithuthuthu iinjini-stroke amane baqhele ukuba babe nenkqubo inaliti yokubasela yombane. Siqulathe impompo yamafutha ne electric drive, ibhetri, injectors umoya, NB elektroniki, oludityaniswe abenzi boluvo ezahlukeneyo, loo ngezilingo lonikezelo.

Kukho kwakhona inkqubo yolawulo iimoto, apho hlengiso kweenkqubo zobonelelo kunye ucinezelo zidibene, nto leyo eyandisa ukusebenza, kwangaxeshanye, umthamo wendawo yokucoca yunithi.

Umbane engundoqo ngenxa yokulungisa injini isithuthuthu kuya kufuneka, - unciphiso okanye ukumisa amafutha ngenxa ukuvaleka. Ukuze uphephe oku, sebenzisa icebo lokucoca amafutha. Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukuba esweni imeko filter lomoya kunye nemibhobho ukuvuza.

inkqubo qeda

Inkqubo exhaust iquka ijelo lokuphuma tubular, impempe, nazo muffler. I-stroke ezimbini ubukhulu nokumila yeenxalenye nkqubo baxhomekeke ngqo kwi kakuhle kunye namandla. Ngoko ke, babesebenzisa iinkqubo zeemoto kwi njengesilinda ngamnye. Zinelungelo ityhubhu resonator kunye umlomo ukuvala umlomo.

Xa chetyrehtaktnikov ulawulo release vana le nkqubo lonikezelo igesi, ukuze livakale kubo akuyonto ibalulekileyo. Baya kudla ngokuba bonke unxulumano wanciphiswa silencer enye.

Eminye imiba izithuthuthu baxhotyiswa converters zokuphosa, leyo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa eziyityhefu (ukuba ifakelwe, umzekelo, Honda iinjini kunye nabanye abenzi Japanese). izixhobo ezinjalo ziye zaphuhliswa ngenxa iimfuno ezandayo kuba irhasi zeemoto kwi-EU, US kunye Japan. Ukuze kuthintelwe imixube ejection umva cylinder kwi idle kunye kujikelezo encinane crankshaft, kwiinkqubo zeemoto i semigudu ezizodwa isithuthuthu olunikiweyo nobu abaninzi.