"Arisaka" - ikuqhuma eyenziwe eJapan

Ukuba wanomdla kancinane kwimbali yomkhosi wesizwe, mhlawumbi unako ukukhumbula ubuncinane isibini leesampulu ngezikhali amazwe. Le yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni na umpu womatshini "Mxim", umntu ukuze ukhumbule i "Lewis", oku kuquka "Vickers" amatanki British. Kodwa apha "Arisaka", umpu Japanese ezenziwe; wayengazi ke ukuba bonke. Noko ke, esi sixhobo wadlala indima ebalulekileyo lokusekwa karhulumente mihla Russian.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Ngowe-1914, umkhosi komlawuli ngokukhawuleza waqonda ukuba ... kuba banal angabi iimbumbulu ngokwaneleyo, imipu, iimbumbulu kunye shotgun .... Industry ngaloo minyaka akazange akwazi ukubeka up ukuvelisa inani elaneleyo lwezixhobo ezincinane ngamnye. Wadlala indima kunye namajoni: ibali Babaqhathanisele 'ibhekisela "elo xesha esikhulu, kodwa ekugqibeleni imikhosi kakhulu abangaqeqeshelwanga Kwadlula.

Kuyaziwa, xa omnye iinjengele Russian, amajoni bahamba ngeenxa wayeka (boyika lohlaselo German) wafumana ... amakhulu amawaka afohlela bamshiya kunye amashumi ezigidi kwemijikelo emthethweni. Kwaye oku nangona izixhobo ziye ezinqabileyo, iifektri yokuzithenga ukumelana nomthamo okwanda kwemveliso ekupheleni kuka-1914.

amahla ezoqoqosho ndinyuka

Ngokufutshane, yaza wayeswele izixhobo. Kwaye ngoko ke urhulumente tsarist wagqiba ukuba utshaba lwakhe yangaphambili, Japan. ingathengwa Japanese "Arisaka" zingqineke kakuhle kule minyaka yemfazwe. Nkqu genius Fedorov kuqala wadala umatshini wokuqala ihlabathi yaba phantsi wakhona. Kwakhona, Isimanga, ibe yaseJapan zaye kakhulu ngakumbi "onesisa", musa nalanto iingalo zakhe abangenabuthixo iindleko izibonelelo zonyango.

Noko ke, musa ukucinga yokuzinikela Japanese: into yokuba ekuqaleni ngaphezu kwama-35 lamawaka afohlela yona ukuba amajoni Mexican, kodwa urhulumente US ngobunono thsuphe ukuba "umyalelo Mexican" xa kungekho tyala kufuneka kwenziwe. Ngoko ke ukuba ilanga igqibe ekubeni afumane ubuncinane inzuzo ethile. Enye ingathengwa "Arisaka" wathengisa yi isivumelwano yokuqala eRashiya, ekuqaleni malini ... 29 engange. Kwaye oku nangona mveliso zasekhaya wanikela "trehlineyki" kubiza engange 41 ngeyunithi nganye. Ngoko ke ukuba ingcamango yokuqala kwabonakala bemlinga.

Ingxaki yokuqala kunye nokuthengwa

Ebudeni bexesha borhwebo kunye Japan ulithengile phantse zizigidi ezine imipu. Loo nto nje ngokuchanekileyo, iiyunithi 35,000 zokuqala kuphela zithunyelwa kwangexesha. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu iingxaki yaqala: Mikado akazange afune ukuba ibingelele ngokugaya oovimba nomkhosi walo. Ubunzima obukhulu, wakwazi ukuba bavumelane unikezelo kweeyunithi kuphela 200 amawaka, yaye iimeko kuye nokuthotywa.

ingathengwa ngasinye Japanese baye bonke kwemijikelo 100. Emva izicelo ezininzi bakwazi ukwandisa le mali ... ukuba izityholo 125. imajini iyize, ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba zonke iimbumbulu babebadala, ngaphaya isiqinisekiso yokugcina. Ke kokufuduselwa kwabo nokuvuselelwa warehouses ezibe ngelo xesha e Korea.

eziziswe Kamva zazisoloko azonakalanga ngokuphandle, iziqu ezindala "isidima ethandabuzekayo" njengoko zisingathwa emkhosini. Kodwa aba isixhobo esihle sizoku yokwanda elidangeleyo kakhulu kwimveliso yi kushishino lwasekhaya. Njengoko kubonisiwe imithombo xesha, umpu "Arisaka", ukuxelwa leyo nqaku, yambethe hlula yonke yeshumi. Akumangalisi ukuba bona CSKA ngokuqhula ekubhekiselelwe kubo "Japanese."

"China okanye shotgun"

Kungekudala wonke malunga unikezelo waqhekeza "leengxoxo bokuphathisana" eJapan ngexesha abeke phambili odumileyo "ezifunwa 21" eTshayina, nomnikelo uzinikele phantse ngokupheleleyo lizwe kunye ukuqatshelwa urhulumente nomsebenzi Japanese. Ekuqaleni, nezifundiswa, Russian aba nxamnye mfuno lobhedu enjalo ... kodwa ke imikhosi yaseJamani lasungula ekhubekisayo e Compostela, emlonyeni ntando yakhe. Ngenxa siyavumelana of the Royal kaRhulumente, China wanyanzeleka ukuba basayine imvumelwano elinye macala.

Kwaye emva kokuba iJapan wathabatha phezu kunye kwilizwe lethu. Inspired ukuzithoba uncomplaining kukumkani, le oonozakuzaku waseJapan baqalisa ukubeka phambili 'umxhelo ezifunwa zobhedu "ngayo, ingakumbi, kwi" isicelo "... Bonke East Far engenza iintwala shotgun million. Ukuya sentengo yemboleko oonozakuzaku zasekhaya, loo yozingiso akwazi ukumelana, nkqu iintetho ngayo yaqala. Ngaphezu koko, lo attache Japanese ibetha kanobom amalungiselelo, ngoko aba "zokukhanyisa" iqabane sorhwebo akabekwa phambili.

Ngaphezu koko, Japan livumile kunye nesicelo yokuthengiswa kwezixhobo million komnye. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha umbayimbayi ngalinye "Arisaka" sele malini 32-35 engange. Kodwa kunjalo zitshiphu imifuziselo zasekhaya. Ukongeza, i yaseJapan waqalisa ukukhulula yesiqhelo Ammo isampula mihla.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, onencula Japanese "imodeli 30" umpu "Arisaka" Enyanisweni, ikrele elifutshane kancinci. Ekubeni "Mosinok" bayonets inaliti babeshiywe lwasekhaya, amajoni axhobe iimpahla "lwangaphandle", ngokulula zifumaneka nakweyiphi ifoto ngelo xesha.

abalamleli baphesheya

Kwakhona ukwazi malunga bayahlelwa 60,000 "Arisaka", ekuqaleni bathengisa Japanese England. "Uyinkosikazi Beelwandle" ngelo xesha, naye, waba nemeko enzima, nangona amandla yezityalo yayo ngentsimbi. Kodwa ngamnye "IsiNgesi" umpu "Arisaka" ekugqibeleni yaba efanayo izikhali Russian. Inyaniso kukuba ekupheleni kuka-1915, amaJamani kwakhona zenyuse ekhubekisayo, eshiya urhulumente waseBritani, oko luloyiko kakhulu yile Enyanisweni, wagqiba kwelokuba "zivaliwe leTeutonic Russian kwadilika nhlanganiso." Zokuzenzela waya kwilizwe lethu.

Ngoko ke, ngo Februwari 1917 ezithengwe isixa enkulu yezixhobo nezikhali ngakumbi kubo. Oko kuphela ukuba kuqondakale ukuba i "Arisaka umpu Japanese" - akukho nanye imodeli. Kwilizwe lethu siye rhoqo uwuhlangule ezisixhenxe (!) Zokuguqulwa ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo wadala iingxaki ezininzi kwaye ngaphandle kokuba eziwela up procurers. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i yokugqibela 150 amawaka "Arisaka" bathengwa kwi olwandulela-Oktobha Revolution.

Kodwa emva kokuba intetho V. I. Lenina kaThixo 'uxolo kunye nomhlaba "ibali" abafazi Japanese "kwinkonzo yomkhosi Russian kwaba kude epheleleyo. Sinokuthi balwa bobabini abomvu namhlophe unogada inxaxheba kwixesha elizayo. Kunye nengxelo ngokuqhubekayo malunga nesicelo ngayo esi sixhobo umcimbi kunokuba eyahlukileyo kuye kwathi. Ukanti uninzi 'nabasebenzisi' ayo ayavuma ukuba umpu "Arisaka" (iifoto kuzo zinikwe kweli nqaku) - umgangatho kunye isixhobo oluthembekileyo. Qaphela ukuba Japanese "ukugcina brand" de-1944, xa ngenxa yeengxaki ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho umgangatho kwezixhobo eyenziweyo lehla.

Hi ndlela leyi, yintoni na ipesenti lwemipu ezisetyenziswa iindawo uhlangothi kwi War Civil? Olu lwazi yahluke gqitha namhlanje. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ezinye owayamileyo ngqo Kolchak, bexhobe phantse ngaphandle zabo ngaphandle. Kodwa ke inani "Arisaka" kwi Red Army ngamaxesha athile zafikelela 1/3 inani lilonke iingalo abaqeshwe ezincinane ngamnye.

Gunsmiths nabo bathi riflemen notorious Latvian bexhobe kakhulu "Arisaka" nje. Ngoko ke ukuba indima ezi afohlela kwimbali yelizwe lethu liphezulu kakhulu.

Kuthekani "Arisaka" wacinga amajoni?

Okungokunye. Kwaye oko kwakuxhomekeke, njengoko umthetho, izinga lobugcisa bala Fighters, umgangatho wemfundo, iintlobo shotgun. Ukuba "Arisaka Rifle Japanese" yaba entsha, ngoko nayiphi nokugxekwa kuyo phantse wayengekho. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba amagwegwe aluphale ipropati mnandi, ochazwa 'ukuba unamathele' esangweni. Kwakhona, oku akulindelekanga ukuba iwayini zokuzenzela ngokwabo: ekunokwenzeka ukuba bazibeke alwela iinyanga akukho zixhobo siqu kuphela.

Amatyala akutsha nje yokusebenzisa

Emva kokuba War Civil umpu "Arisaka" uhlobo 30 waba kwinkonzo kunye kumazwe amaninzi. Ingakumbi ezininzi yezi zixhobo ezibe ngomhla wokugqibela Finland kunye Estonia, apho "Japanese" phantse abalindi umda jikelele ezaxhobela.

Ngowe-1941, maxa wambi "Arisaka" eyenziwa yi kwisicwangciso kwilinge ekhutshwe ngabavukeli kunye namalungu nangasemva, kodwa ngokubanzi, bona bengekafumani. Kwi-USSR nokuveliswa kwezixhobo ngafakwa phezu komlambo, kodwa ngenxa yokungabi kwakhe sisidinga ngayo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ethile kwi ezweni kuseza kufuneka yokutyiwa ezi rarities. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba nebhetshi yokugqibela okunkonkxiweyo "Arisaka" wathunyelwa isinyibilikise Ukrainian Armed Forces ngo-1993.

ulwazi jikelele zobugcisa

Njengoko e eJapan, yaye kwilizwe lethu, aziwayo kakhulu iintlobo ezimbini kwezi afohlela, "Udidi 30" (uhlobo lokuqala) kunye 'Uhlobo 99 ". Baya hlukile abanjalo. Ukuba 'amathathu' ubudala lisetyenziswa zokudubula i iCartridge uguqulelo ezahlukeneyo 6,5h50, kuba "Udidi 99" iimbumbulu ukwanda ngamandla eyahlukileyo sele iphuhlisiwe - 7,7h58. Kungenzeka, engaqhelekanga lesikali Japanese sele abolekwe amaNgesi yabo "Lee-Enfield".

Ukongeza, kwilizwe lethu ukuya ekupheleni ukusetyenziswa kwale sixhobo wadibana umpu "Arisaka" uhlobo 38. Oku ukuguqula yesibini, ixesha sophuhliso layo lisukela emva 1900 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

Ke zona iinkcukacha, ngoko ke umpu - yinto Umzekelo ophilayo izixhobo bexesha lakhe, ukuba ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Umgqomo itshixiwe waqonda ujikeleza. Le yokugqibela waba lugs ezimbini. Ekuqaleni Colonel Arisaka, ngubani na umyili oyintloko isixhobo ngathi isakhiwo kunye lugs abathathu, kodwa izinto zokuvelisa kunye nemfuneko ukunciphisa indleko umpu kwakhokelela ekubeni lula nesakhiwo sayo.

ezinye Iimpawu

Phambi izikhondo ethole yaba umthombo zilayishwe ejector. kugqame Ekubeni bonke kusetyenziswa "Arisaka" neekhatriji kufuneka flanges (zombini zasekhaya kunye 7,62h54), ngaphakathi ngumamkeli, ecaleni layo ngasekhohlo, yanamathela (mgawuli).

Ndandisisigculelo, umandlalo ukuba umamkeli kunye ingaphakathi umphanda eyenziwe ngomthi. Njengomgaqo, oku ekuqaleni bazama ukusebenzisa i nut, kodwa 1944-1945, xa imeko yezoqoqosho kwi imfazwe yaseJapan bahlupheka kakhulu, abenzi kwafuneka ukuba batshintshele iintlobo zibiza beenkuni, yaye apho ndandisisigculelo kwezinye iimeko yaye onke eyenziwe ngamaplanga esezantsi-grade.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ezisisivalo liqhina: libanzi kakhulu; kwicandelo layo emnqamlezweni ufana iqanda inkuku. Ukukhetha uhlobo enjalo ngenxa yokuba ngezilingo kungqineke ukuba kakhulu lula. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, emthonjeni ukudutyulwa pin ibekwe ngaphakathi inxalenye tubular ye kobethileyo, apho lukhuselwe kakuhle ukusuka eluthulini, ukufuma kunye nokungcola. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuthembeka eliphezulu izixhobo, nto leyo athi ngokuphindaphindiweyo zombini amajoni basekhaya angaphandle.

Kwakhona, ngenxa wamanzi ethile iye sensitive ngakumbi kungcoliseko uthuthu lweziko yayo wompu (kakhulu 'ukuba wokuqwlasela' leyo sele ikhankanywe apha ngasentla). Kodwa ngenxa ngokuzisa izixhobo zibe kwimeko enjalo ke kwafuneka 'zama "ngaphandle nokucoca ixesha elide.

Hi ndlela leyi, "Arisaka" waba ekhethekileyo cover-inshorensi yokukhusela isango ukungcola. Kodwa ixabiso yayo yaba ephantsi kakhulu: isiciko esoloko nezakudala, wadala ezininzi iingxaki xa uhambisa (kwakukho umngcipheko wokulahla oko), kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwamajoni phambi kokuba idabi bakhetha le nxalenye kususwa wayifaka pouches.

Ukhuseleko ngokuchasene ukudubula ngengozi

Yintoni enye luphawulwa "Arisaka" (ucinge)? "Maqhosha" -predohranitel - uphawu kakhulu kwesi sixhobo. Indlela umdla amanyathelo. Ukuze isebenze i fuse xa shutter sele cocked, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba ucinizele "iqhosha 'kunye isakhiwo incence, ibekwe ecaleni lesango umva, uze emva koko uphendule ke ngku. Le projections, zaba nemikrolo kwi bhokisi, kobethileyo ukuvimbile ngokuqinileyo, angavumeli ukuba hit the primer.

Kobethileyo igcinwe kwi leHamas kwindawo ngokuzenzekelayo xa cocking shutter. Ukutshaja lwaqhutywa ngesango evulekileyo. Ukwenza oku kwenzeka xa umxhasi enye, yaye ezintlanu, esebenzisa le njongo iikhola ezizodwa.

Kunika umdla kwakhona ukuba lo isixhobo waba catch slide! Oko kukuthi xa inkcitho emthethweni shutter ngokuzenzekelayo waba indawo rearmost, leyo lula kakhulu inkqubo Ukuwisa umpu.

ukulwa onencula

Njengokuba besesitshilo, onencula ukuya umpu "Arisaka" kwayilwa njenge ikrele phantse ngokupheleleyo. Kukho iimeko xa ezi bayonets ezisetyenziswa amajoni ethu kulo lonke Enkulu Patriotic War. Ukukhetha le yaseJapan yaba ngengozi hayi: ingqikelelo bayonets inaliti kunye Bagineti ukuba ekhokelwa Russian iingalo ingcibi, ukuba sele iphelelwe lixesha kakhulu.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amajoni kwakubalulekile kakhulu ukuba babe ngemela ngokupheleleyo ukuba zingasetyenziswa kuphela edabini, kodwa kwilungiselelo yemihla ngemihla kweminquba. Ngenxa yokuba onencula ukuba umpu "Arisaka" ezenziwe insimbi, kuye ithandwa kakhulu kunye namajoni macala ngaphambili. Ngokukodwa, amagqala ezininzi American kwi "reserve" liye imela ukusuka 'Arisaka ", nto leyo kakhulu lula ngakumbi ngcono imodeli American.

Kwaye yintoni abaxhobileyo amajoni Japanese namhlanje? Individual izikhali ezincinane i umpu ukubetha "Arisaka". Yena uhlobo zakhe ezininzi, ukuba izisombululo ezithembekileyo kakhulu kwaye original esisetyenzisiweyo zokwakha.

nto kwenzeka njani ukuba izixhobo yenziwe mveliso e eJapan, apho uBukhosi Russian nje phambi kokuba ekulweni, benze inkonzo ebalulekileyo izenzo zomkhosi nxamnye Imperial Jamani, yaye emva koko loo - ekusekweni amandla Soviet.