Inkqubo Anti-moya enomjukujelwa "Cube": imbali yendalo, inkcazo, iimpawu

Xa imeko nganye, ilungiselelwa ngokukodwa ukuze izikhusele umoya ukuwubona iinkqubo anti-moya enomjukujelwa (SAMS). Ngomhla we-18 Julayi 1958, ngokungqinelana neSigqibo le CPSU Committee Central, waqalisa umsebenzi kuyilo SAM "Cube" kwi Research Institute of Instrumentation. Air inkqubo enomjukujelwa ukuziphendulela eyenzelwe ukukhusela amajoni emhlabeni kunye namacandelo vehicles sisifo emoyeni ngokutshabalalisa ekujoliswe lutshaba kwi aphakathi iyenzeka.

Yintoni SAM USSR?

"Cube" - inkqubo enomjukujelwa anti-moya, ubume sapho lwaluquka yokulwa uhlobo;

• enomjukujelwa moya waqondisa 3M9.
• Self-ngokwaso ukuhlola ubuchule isikhokelo (1S91).
• Self-kuqhube isindululi 2P25 ufakelo.

Ngubani na inxaxheba ekudalweni SAM kwi-USSR?

Zonke izixhobo yokulwa ezifakwe kwinkqubo enomjukujelwa anti-moya "Cube", ezenzelwe ngamnye. Ngokuba isiza ngasinye wabelwa ukuba umyili oyintloko, umphathi ojongene isiphumo. gun 1S91 self-ngokwaso wadalwa phantsi kobunkokheli AA Rastova. intloko semi-esebenzayo radar 2P25, ukwenza imijukujelwa homing, yaphuhliswa de 1960 umyili oyintloko Yu Vekhov. ilandela lakhe kulo msebenzi yaba IG Akopyan ngo-1960. Banoxanduva lwesixokelelwano enomjukujelwa anti-moya yonke "Cube" kwaye waba umyili oyintloko OKB-15 V. Tihomirov.

Design kunye nomsebenzi yokuqalisa

umndululi Self-kuqhube ubekwe kwi kwisisu semoto ye-GM-578 kwi zokulwa ezikhethekileyo, leyo eziqulathwe isikhokelo for imijukujelwa. 2P25 eziqulathwe actuators zombane, izixhobo navigation. Ukongeza, umpu esingazihambeliyo yafakwa izixhobo ikhompyutha, lizimele gas-injini yezityalo sombane kunye nezixhobo kwindawo ngesimo, unxibelelwano ukwaziswa okubhalwe nolawulo fakelo prestart. zibe zibini iziseko zasetyenziselwa kokufika kunye isindululi irula. Baye babekwa rocket. Inkqubo hola prelaunch eyenziwa ngokusebenzisa zizisu drive leyo zisenziwa yi-1S91 data. Radiotelekodovaya link 2P25 zinika ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Ekulweni ufakelo ukubala emithathu. 2P25 ubunzima yafikelela iitoni 19.5.

device imizili

Anti-moya enomjukujelwa complex 'cube' 3M9 mayixhotyiswe enomjukujelwa wakha ngokuhambelana kunye nenkqubo "amaphiko rotary". Ukususela savulwa 3M8 luphawulwa ubukho imiphezulu awongeziweyo. Ngenxa yobukhulu lwabo besebenzisa abathungi iphiko rotary ziye zancitshiswa. Ukongezelela, servos akuyomfuneko igunya eliphezulu. I-hydraulic drive liye lathatyathelw 'umoya lighter.

Ekujoliswe ukufunyanwa ne kwasekuqaleni kunye nenkxaso yayo amaza Doppler wenza semiactive yerada homing intloko 1SB4, ibekwe phambi kwe enomjukujelwa, equka inkqubo isimiso edityanisiweyo. Weight HE ukuqhekeka warhead yaba 57 kg. fuze Avtodiodny ezimbini wanika umyalelo zokuphunyezwa detonation kwayo. ubukhulu irula waba 5.8 m, ububanzi - 33 cm enomjukujelwa eziqokelelweyo uthuthwa kwizikhongozelo ezizodwa, ayayilwa ngokusonga ekwenzeni consoles..

Indlela post-ukutshiswa irula gumbi?

Nesigxina wenkunkuma igesi emva yokutsha yayo ongena nemifula umoya kwigumbi afterburning apho ukutshiswa lokugqibela amafutha lwenziwa. intlawulo fuel Solid baba-iponti 172 ibhombu sangqa-29 cm kunye nobude obuziimitha 1.7. Manufacturing yayo amafutha wokuhlolwa ezisetyenzisiweyo. isibalo Air lubalwe ukuba iimeko zokusebenza supersonic. Ngethuba lokwaziswa rocket konke ofaka umoya ibihleli ivaliwe ngenxa fiberglass iiplagi. Qala sokuqaliswa rocket senziwe kwindawo launch phambi kuquka izomelezi.

Qalisa yathatha kwemizuzwana emi-5. Inxalenye engaphakathi esatsiba rocket, elibamba fiberglass nothango lwaso lobhedu, imizuzwana 5-6 emva zokudubula umva, kwaye isigaba phambili nokusebenza midcourse.

Ukubunjwa nemisebenzi 1S91

Self-ngokwaso ukuhlola nokhokelo siquka:

• Radar station radar apho bangabonwa kunye umkhondo lwenziwa ekujoliswe zasemoyeni.
• Ukhanyiso 1S31. Ngoncedo esi sixhobo wenza ukuqondwa wetekeni, inqanawa, indawo ngesimo, uqhagamshelo radiotelekodovaya yonke le nkqubo "Cube". inkqubo enomjukujelwa Anti-moya (eliboniswe ngezantsi) yagqitywa ababini batshintshana yerada eriyali: 1S11 kunye 1S31.

Bazenza ngokutsha setyhula kwi-15 ngomzuzu. I-eriyali zaye bebekwe ezitsho yenethiwekhi. amajelo ndlela-ezimbini zikanomathotholo baxhotyiswa radiators, apho lungiselelo ingongoma olunye indiza. Ukubona, ukuchonga kuhamba ekujoliswe eriyeli kuba kumgama 300 ukuya 70 000 kunye ukuphakama kuyimitha-30 ukuya 7,000.

gun 1S91 self-ngokwaso yayimi phezu kwisisu semoto ye-GM-568. imali ubunzima yaba etoni 20.3. Management Crew yayiquka abantu abane.

test SAM

Ngowe-1959, inkqubo enomjukujelwa anti-moya "Cube" sele idlule uvavanyo yayo yokuqala. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi ubuthathaka zilandelayo sele zichongiwe:

• isibalo Air baba design aluphumelelanga.
• egumbini afterburning wayekunye abahluphekayo thermal umqobo ngeso lenyama. Le leyo eqhwalela kakhulu ngenxa yokuba titanium isetyenziswe nokuveliswa lekhamera. Emva kokuvavanywa olu indawo yi ngentsimbi.

Ngowe-1961, i-umyili oyintloko, benza kuphuhliso "Cuba", ziye indawo. Noko ke, oku akuzange kuchaphazela ekukhawuleziseni umsebenzi ukuphucula inkqubo anti-ngezikhali. Ukususela 1961 ukuya 1963 83 imijukujelwa yamiselwa. Kwezi, ezintathu kuphela yimpumelelo ngokusesikweni. Ngowe-1964 rocket yokuqala equlathe warhead wakhululwa. Abatoli IL-28, flying ephakame eneshologu e. Eminye uqala ibe yimpumelelo. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1967 iKomiti Central of Communist Party wagqiba kwelokuba amkele inkqubo enomjukujelwa anti-moya 'cube' ezingalweni Army. It yasungula iprojekthi ukwenza nomzekelo kwamanye amazwe.

version Rhweba ye 2K12 "Cube"

inkqubo enomjukujelwa yokhuselo Air, ogama iimpawu ayahluka analogu sayo, ndawonye ibandla ngo-1971. Ukungaboni abachaphazelekayo iinkqubo enze silubone ekujoliswe moya.

inkqubo Anti-moya enomjukujelwa "Cube" ( "Square" - igama izityalo ezilungiselelwe kumazwe angaphandle) iye efikelelweyo yi ngokutshintsha umgangatho wokhuseleko ekuphazanyisweni, eyenza kube lula ukwahlula phakathi injongo isincedisi karhulumente. Umfuziselo kwamanye amazwe yaba alungele ukusetyenziswa kule ndawo.

inkqubo enomjukujelwa Anti-moya "Cube-M1"

Ukulandela umsebenzi maxesha ngo-1973, bexhobile, kunye Soviet Army kwabonakala eziphuculweyo uhlobo - ". Cube-M1" SAM ukuphuculwa uyilo Made sinyuse imida imimandla ekujoliswe, ukuphuculwa kokhuseleko lwentloko homing yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo uphazamiseko, kwixesha eliqala ayidluli imizuzwana 5. I-eriyali ye-radar banikwa kunye nokhuselo kwimiphumo imijukujelwa anti-radar.

ukusebenzisa Apho SAM?

Ukususela ngowe-1967 ukuya 1982, inkqubo enomjukujelwa anti-moya yokuqala "Cube" liye ngokubanzi kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kumazwe awahlukeneyo apho kwakukho Butha esebenzayo. Hayi ngaphandle koncedo kwenkqubo umoya esemqoka kule mpi Arab-Israeli yatshatyalaliswayo air force kaSirayeli. Ngowe-1999, ukwenzela ukuthintela iziqhushumbisi imikhosi NATO kusetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo oku esasiya ezintsonkothileyo. Indlala SAM ingqalelo ukungafezeki imijelo yomabonakude yayo na ukumelana nomsebenzi ebusuku. Ngeli xesha lemini ubukhulu becala kusetyenzwa ukugalela NATO.

Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi "Cuba" waba angasebenzi. Ukubonakalisa ebusuku kusehla umoya, umkhosi eYugoslavia waphulukana zane ezintathu.

Namhlanje SAM "Cube" lisebenza Slovakia. SAM iqulathe self-ngokwaso nokudlulisa imijukujelwa ezintathu. Le ukuguqulwa ithathwa kakhulu eliphezulu, yaye yaziwa ngokuba "Cube-M2" kolu thotho entsonkothileyo lonke.