Aphe beet. Imbewu, ukulima

Zefula beet - yemifuno luncedo kakhulu, esetyenziselwa ukondla izilwanyana. Eyona ezixabisekileyo yena a iinkomo zobisi, njengoko njengendlela emangalisayo yokwandisa imveliso yobisi iinkomo neebhokhwe.

Xa ixesha Ebusika, xa izilwanyana ukutya ibandakanya ikakhulu yokutya ezinkonxiweyo nezingankonxwanga, nowomileyo, iingcambu beet ayakwazi ukugcwalisa imfuneko beengxenye umkhondo kunye neevithamini. Ehlotyeni, ukongeza kwizityalo iingcambu ezisetyenziselwa ukutya nemifuno.

Zefula beet - yemifuno luncedo kakhulu, nto leyo ibandakanya imali olukhulu pectin kunye neeminerali, iivithamini kunye ekudleni. Le isityalo ebakho, isiqhamo apho besukelana 15 kg.

A bit yomlando

Zefula beet, kunye ukutya kunye neswekile, kuba bavela beet zasendle ezikhulayo e North-Asia kunye East Far. Ekuqaleni, lo culture na yahlulwe zenyathi, kwaye ke ngoko kukho igama elinye kuphela - beetroot. Ibali kweentlobo ezidla ezizimeleyo yezolimo imiliselwe ngenkulungwane ye-16 eJamani.

abalimi German ngelo xesha wabona ukuba xa inkomo ukondla beetroot, ngoko yandisa kakhulu isivuno ubisi, kunye nobisi ngokwayo uba tastier kakhulu. Eli xesha lidla ezinxulumene ne inkangeleko izityalo ezifana wefula beet. Kungekudala, isifundo kule meko ukwenza iingcali. Kwaye ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, beet wefula uyotywe onke amazwe aseYurophu.

Imihlobo wefula beet

iingcambu beet ikhula uluhlu olubanzi umbala, imilo kunye neqondo ngokuntywiliselwa emhlabeni. Kuxhomekeka kwezi parameters wefula beet yahlulwe ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo:

1. Imilo etsobhileyo womfuno, apho ibekwe phantsi komhlaba kwi-80% root ubude (beet Umanskaya polusaharnaya Poltava polusaharnaya);
2. Elongate-okweqanda yemifuno imilo, xa umhlaba 50-70% of ubude balo (winner);
3. ifomu Yemifuno zezindlu xa onyukele kumaqondo komhlaba ukusuka kuma-25 ukuya kuma-40% ye-ubude (Ekkendorskaya beetroot etyheli, Poltava white);
4. Imilo ahanjiswa womfuno, apho inkoliso njengengcambu phezu komhlaba.

Inxalenye womelele kwaye kwakhiwa engcono ephakamileyo ingcambu, emifuno ngokulula ngakumbi kukunyamezela imbalela. Iintlobo uthandwayo wefula beet: Ekkendorfskaya yellow Tsentaur Poly, Oberndorfskaya ebomvu.

Iimpawu ujikeleza

Xa nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo wefula ababengaphambi best wefula beet bayingca-zilegumes umxube ziindiza ingqolowa, umxoxozi. Xa nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo intsimi bubulumko yokutyala beetroot kuloo ndawo apho ngaphambili egcinwe mbotyi yonyaka zengca, izityalo kumqolo kunye cereals ebusika.

Njengoko yokusebenza ibonisa, izityalo best wefula beet zifunyenwe xa endaweni lwenkcubeko kunyaka ophelileyo besivalelwe irye, ingqolowa, ertyisi, umbona nemifuno. Zefula beet kufuneka zibekwe emva imifuno ezahlukeneyo ingaphelelwayo. Buyisela intsimi inkcubeko kwi yangaphambili Akavumela ngaphambi ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-3.

ukufumana iimbewu

Ibhitruthi yenye yezo izityalo apho imbewu zingafumaneka ngaphambi ngaphezu konyaka-2 zokuvuna. Kunyaka wokuqala sisiqinisekiso iziciko kunye neengcambu, yaye kunyaka olandelayo xa imifuno utyala zingafumaneka ezifanele ukulinywa imbewu wefula beet.

Kubalulekile ukuba iingcambu, nto leyo iza kwimbewu, baba abakwazi isempilweni. Xa beet stem eqalisa ukuba zome, imifuno yamba koko imisiwe kwindawo eyomileyo nekhusi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, beetroot kufuneka igcinwe kude kufike ixesha de kube yimpontshane isityalo owomileyo ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko, imbewu kufuneka ibe rob kubo yaye ekugqibeleni loma kwingxowa kwiphepha encinane.

ukulungiselela umhlaba

Kulinywa wefula beet - le nkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu, nto leyo endinga indlela ulwazi nezakhono ezithile. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ngokulinywa ngalo mfuno kweli oyisanti, umgxobhozo nodongwe kwimihlaba akayi nemiphumo emihle. Kuba ukukhula kwezityalo iingcambu nabo kumhlaba ezingafanelekanga enamatye.

Kusinda ukufumana isivuno esihle wefula beet kucingelwa ukuba elo lizwe okwanamhlanje asidi, cala kunye emhlabeni, wavuma. Ngokunqwenelekayo, lo emifuno ityalwe kwiindawo emlanjeni nomhlaba olumnyama.

Isityalo ifuna kakhulu ukuchuma komhlaba, yaye ngoko ke asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ukuphucula umhlaba. Kuphela ebambe kwangethuba belungiselela ilizwe bangalindela ukuba waseSibhema lobuhlobo. Ngoko ke, zefula beet, ukulinywa apho eziqhelekileyo kumafama ezininzi, ngexesha lokuqala lokutyala kufuneka ukulungiselela emhlabeni.

Kufuneka ukuba sikhanyise umhlaba nazo, ndimkhulule ukuze pre-processing. Ukusuka doti annuals dicotyledonous (quinoa, chicken amazimba, amaranth) kunye nokhula cereal kuya kunceda ukuze buncothulwe indlela nokuhlakula. Release inxalenye Perennials ezifana ingca kwesingqengqelo okanye enameva neenkunzane, kunokwenzeka esebenzisa ngokuwa processing imichiza amanyathelo ngokuqhubekayo (Roundup, iboraksi, iNkanyamba).

ukutyebisa

Phantsi ekwindla simba mazenziwe kwisiza umgquba ivuthiwe okanye umanyolo eziphilayo ngesantya iitoni 35 ha 1 ngasinye. isichumiso Excellent isebenza iinkuni uthuthu, nto leyo iye ihlawulwe imali quintals 5 ngehektare 1 nganye.

Phambi kokutyala, elima isithuba eyimfuneko ukuqaliswa NPK. Kwakhona, ukuba inkcubeko kufuneka phosphate kunye nezichumiso umanyolo. Emva konke kwenziwa balawula umhlaba kufuneka evakalala, sofele ecikizekileyo ezifumileyo kancinane.

Planting wefula beet

Ithuba nohlaza wefula beet yahluka ukusuka kwiintsuku 125 ukuya 150, ngoko ke ukuqala yokutyala entwasahlobo inkcubeko, kunye ngemihla yokugqibela kaMatshi de phakathi-Epreli. Kuyanconywa ukuba ndityale le imifuno xa umhlaba kubunzulu-12 cm iye ukufudumala ukuya degrees 5-7.

Phambi kokubhiyozela lokutyala imbewu kufuneka ziphathwe zintsholongwane. Umzekelo, ukuba igcinwe kangangeyure kumxube befumile lwe manganese. Ukuze kufikelelwe lexinene kakhulu ngokupheleleyo izithole kuya kunceda qhubela unyango lwabo mziba ukukhula. Kubalulekile ukuba ukulibala ukuba imbewu emva kokuba unyango ezimanzi kufuneka lome kancinane.

Kwi kufuneka isiza bakulungele ukwenza vee kunye izithuba phakathi kwemiqolo ye-60 cm. Ukuhlwayela inkcubeko kufuneka abe ubunzulu-3 cm imitha nganye nakumndilili kufuneka awe 14-15 imbewu (kumgangatho aluka kuya kufuneka malunga nama-150 g yembewu).

Iibhedi kufuneka afefe emhlabeni ulinde isithombo lokuqala. Ukuba umhlaba owomileyo, akukho akufuneki ukuba etywiniweyo mqengqeleki yayo egudileyo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukufuma ngoomaleko enzulu akwazi ukubamba up kufutshane kumphezulu. Kwiqondo lobushushu degrees 8 ngamasebe phakathi kuvela emva kweentsuku ezili-12 ukuba lobushushu Iqondo lobushushu lihle laya ngaphezulu kwe-15 - sele emva kweentsuku 4.

Iimpawu ukunakekelwa

Zefula beet ukulima - into ubugcisa, ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokuhluma iyakhula kakhulu kancinci. Kubaluleke kakhulu kweli xesha ngayo inkqubo ukuxozwa, ekufuneka wenziwe emva kokuba kucingwe a amagqabi ezimbalwa oyinyaniso. Ngaloo ndlela, imitha nganye kufuneka zibekwe, umgama ophakathi apho kungekho ngaphezulu kwe-5 zeentsholongwane - ubuncinane 25 cm.

Ngaxeshanye ifidi ludubule ammonium nitrate yamanzi kucetyiswa, isekela ngokwawo phezu olinganise zilandelayo: 12 g ngalinye 1 kwimitha. Emva kweeveki-2, kufuneka ubambe enye isichumiso isichumiso bezimbiwa.

Ibhitruthi okwaneleyo ubumanzi bothando, ngoko njengeceba zibe nefuthe elingqale kule ixabiso iingcambu asakhulayo kunye, ngenxa yoko, yonke index kwezivuno. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha linye inyanga phambi kosuku ekulindeleke ukuba wokuqalisa ukuvuna ulwelo iimfuno kakhulu lancipha, ngenxa yokuba emifuno uqala eziqinileyo lokwandisa.

Ukongeza, izityalo ingcambu badla ubunzima nokhula, yaye ngenxa yongcoliseko ngamandla rhoqo musa ukusuka-30 ukuya kuma-80% yesityalo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba esusa rhoqo phakathi kwemiqolo - isitshixo ukulinywa ngempumelelo wefula beet.

ukuvunwa

Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekuqaleni zefula ekwindla beet uyayeka ukwenza amagqabi amatsha, lo gama ezindala ngcembe eqala ukuba tyheli, uze emva koko afe. ukukhula kwesityalo Ingcambu kwakhona wayeka, yaye eli xesha nghena ukufuma kakhulu unako sibi kuphela imifuno umgangatho incasa. Zefula beet, iifoto ezo kangaka bathanda ukwenza amafama, ngaloo ndlela capturing imiphumo yomsebenzi wabo, zisuswe kwibhedi ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha, phambi iqabaka yokuqala. Yokuvuna iziqhamo ezimbalwa phantsi nefolokhwe okanye ifolokhwe. Kuba ixesha elide beet iinjongo zokugcina wefula nyulu ozuza emhlabeni nokwalekwa kwamantloko kwaye zigcinwa kwi kwemingxuma embiweyo okanye izisele kubushushu degrees 3 ukuya 5. Esazi nje ukuba, kubonakala ngathi wefula beet, kodwa ukuba akhule ngayo isivuno ngempumelelo le imifuno, nawuphi umlimi ukwenza oovimba olubalaseleyo ukutya ubusika. Ukongeza, ngexesha yengqele, oku inkcubeko ezixabisekileyo yaye iluncedo uya kunihlangula ubumnandi yezilwanyana.