Amathuba - isixhobo somculo ... kwabasaqalayo

Igama elithi "Uluhlu" lisetyenziswa ezingqondweni eziliqela. Umculo Ibanga - ukusebenza kakuhle, ezibandakanya izandi ezibini. Umgama phakathi kwabo inokuba nomahluko. Kukho ekhefu elula zizonke, zikhulisiwe wayicola (iimpawu, Tritons), kunye dissonant ngonobumba kwaye uncuthu kunye harmonic. Kule kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo ngakumbi.

intsingiselo

Abaphengululi abaninzi uqaphele ukuba amathuba - oku kumathuba athile, umgama phakathi into okanye ikhefu. Umzekelo, kusenokuba kumgama othile phakathi kwemiqolo leeyunithi zomkhosi okanye amandla. Kwakhona, igama elithi data luphawulwa kwexesha lekhefu.

Umculo Ibanga - lulwahlulo ukuphakama izandi ezibini. Bangakwazi kuthathwe yanjalo. Ezi amathuba ngokuba emnandi. Ukuba izandi idlalwa ngaxeshanye, amagama abo - harmonic.

ezithile zomculo

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, amathuba - oku kuvumelana, enamakhulu izandi amabini (izidanga scale ezimbini). Umgama phakathi kwabo inokuba nomahluko. Ukusuka inqanaba libe linye elinesihlanu. Isandi lokuphumla eliphezulu ubizwa ngokuba enekona, umzantsi - kunye kwisiseko. Kukho umculo kunye harmonic, amaqabane kunye dissonant, ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo, ukwanda nokwehla (Tritons isici).

Isithuba iqulathe amaxabiso amabini: ekuqaleni - ithoni, owesibini - stupenevaya. ixabiso Tone umisela iithowuni ezininzi njani uluhlu ethile. Umzekelo, inqaku - zero ezikhalayo zibe phezulu yesibini - ithoni mnye, wesithathu minor - iithowuni isiqingatha njalo njalo. Stupenevaya ixabiso efanayo kwenza kucace indlela Azigubungele amanqanaba a lokuphumla ethile. Ngokomzekelo, xa nelitha - amanyathelo amane, akukhathaliseki nokuba uhlambulukile, lo ukwanda okanye ukuhla. Oko kukuthi, kukho sele echaphazela ixabiso ithoni. Ukuba nelitha ecocekileyo, ke kufanele kube amanyathelo amane kunye neethowuni 2.5. Ukuba nelitha yancitshiswa, amanqanaba amane aseleyo, kodwa kuya kubakho iithowuni ezimbini. Ngokufanelekileyo, ngendlela nelitha inani elifanayo ezandisiweyo amanyathelo, kodwa iithowuni ezintathu. Siye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wathetha malunga ithoni semitone. Makhe iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe la magama.

Ithoni kunye semitone

Ithoni - umgama phakathi izandi ezibekwe ngecala, kuba iqulathe abanzi ezimbini. Makhe sihlolisise kuzo kuphela izitshixo ezimhlophe. Oku izandi - D, A - B, D - E, G - A, F - G. Ootitshala abaninzi, echaza phantsi abantwana zibonisa ukuba xa kucofwe amaqhosha amabini Elimhlophe omnyama, kodwa ithoni, ngokungathi isitshixo black akakho, ngoko ke a semitone.

Xa umculo a semitone - ngumgama omncinane phakathi izandi ezibekwe ngecala. Oku izandi esele: B - ngaphambi kunye E - F.

Iithowuni kunye semitones akuxhomekekanga kuphela yakhelwe phezu izitshixo ezimhlophe, kodwa kubanjiswene ne emnyama. Umzekelo, B - C ezibukhali E - F zitsolile - oku ithoni. Kodwa: D - E Flat phezulu - D Flat, A - B tyaba, C elibukhali ityuwa - A, F elibukhali - ityuwa (njalo njalo) - oku semitones.

ezithile ezilula

Akukho ngaphezulu wenowuthi omnye. Kukho asibhozo kuphela. Zezi:

• Prima. Iquka inyathelo elinye kwaye iqulethe neethowuni zero.
• Okwesibini - lokuphumla, equka izigaba ezibini. Ezinkulu nezincinane. E ngaphezu kokuba ithoni enye ngomzuzwana, encinane - a semitone.
• Tertia. Iquka izigaba ezithathu. Kwakunye yesibini, le ezincinane enkulu. Nzulu iqulathe ithowuni enesiqingatha, ezinkulu - ezimbini.
• Ilitha. Kule lokuphumla abanzi ezimbini ezinesiqingatha kunye nezigaba ezine. Kukho ecocekileyo kuphela.
• Mangcu. Iquka izigaba ezintlanu kwaye neethowuni emithathu enesiqingatha. Kwakunye yesine, yohlambuluka yona. Noko ke, xa nelitha abanzi emithathu izigaba ezine, lenyuka ilitha. Ukuba inani elifanayo abanzi Quinte kunye nezigaba ezintlanu, oko ndawunciphisa yesihlanu. amabanga ezinjalo kwakhona ngokuba Tritons.
• LikaSextus iqulathe izigaba ezintandathu. lesithandathu omkhulu emine kunye nethoni enesiqingatha. Small - nowuthsi ezine.
• Septima iquka izigaba ezisixhenxe. lwesixhenxe nzulu ibandakanya abanzi ezintlanu. Angafika - emihlanu enesiqingatha.
• Ngelamadoda ilizwi iqulathe izigaba ezisibhozo. Kukho ecocekileyo kuphela. Iqulethe imibala ezintandathu.

ngomzuzu compound

isixhobo somculo kwabasaqalayo iqulathe ulwazi kuphela malunga amathuba elula, kodwa izithako. Ezi kwiindawo zokubeka ukuba ilizwi ngaphezu kwesinye.

• Nona - iqulathe izigaba ezilithoba. Ngamafutshane, oku omnye ilizwi yesibini.
• Decima - iqulethe izinyuko ezilishumi. Ngako oko, oko yesithathu emva ngelamadoda ilizwi.
• Eleshumi elinanye - it iqulathe amanyathelo elinanye. Alakhe, kufuneka ukuba asukume isandi yesine enye ngelamadoda ilizwi.
• Duodetsima - ubandakanya amanyathelo elinambini. Le yesihlanu emva ngelamadoda ilizwi.
• Weshumi - iqulathe izigaba ezilishumi. Ngako oko, le yesithandathu nge wenowuthi mnye.
• Kvartdetsima - iqulathe izigaba elinesine. Alakhe, kufuneka isandi elithile ukusuka phezulu ukuya wenowuthi enye Septim.
• Weshumi elinesihlanu - ezikuyo degrees elinesihlanu. Le wenowuthi kabini.

Emva kokuba amathuba elinesihlanu musa ukuba amagama.

ngomzuzu unyango

isixhobo ngasinye yomculo kwabasaqalayo iqulathe ulwazi kuphela malunga kwiindawo zokubeka, kodwa malunga unyango lwabo. Oku, enyanisweni, isiseko transfer (isandi osezantsi) elinye ilizwi phezulu okanye ngaphezulu (isandi phezulu) wenowuthi nganye phantsi. zaba I elisezantsi kunye nesandi eliphezulu.

achaza Net iba wenowuthi ecocekileyo. yesibini Minor kuba wesixhenxe enkulu. yesibini enkulu iba lwesixhenxe minor.

wesithathu Minor iba kwesithathu enkulu. wesithathu enkulu iba encinane lwesithandathu. nelitha Pure uba yesihlanu ogqibeleleyo (and vice versa).

Loo nto yokupasa enyulu kungena kwehlambulukileyo, amancinci - olukhulu (and vice versa), ukwanda - in ezincinci (and vice versa).

Itshati dissonance

Kwi akungamayeyeye onke amathuba harmonic zezona ntlobo zimbini: ngonobumba kwaye dissonant.

Kwamaqabane - Oku ku- ziyilungele bakuva isandi. Oku kuhambisana urhulumente ezolileyo, oko esibonakala ngokungabikho namabhongo. ngamathuba ngezandi zihlukaniswe:

• kwamaqabane kakhulu ogqibeleleyo - ngelamadoda ilizwi unyulu indihlaziya.
• kwamaqabane Perfect - Naeto kunye nelitha.
• kwamaqabane abangafezekanga - wesithathu ezingephi kunye lesithandathu, nowesithathu enkulu kunye wesithandathu.

Dissonance - na ingxwabangxwaba kwamaqabane. Ekuveni oku sandi kunqaba ezicacileyo. Isandi dissonance emculweni ngokubanzi ukuba adlulisele ezahlukeneyo iimvakalelo zabantu: ixhala, ukungakhululeki, yimincili. Dissonances, kwakunye nezo mvakalelo babenemincili, ifuna ukuba imvume. Oko kukuthi, bakholisa ukuba itshati. Phakathi athile dissonant ekubalulekileyo ukuzikhankanya: ezincinane nezinkulu, yaye okwesibini Septim, leenewt, kumathuba ekuso.

yokubala usenza intw

Umculo linamandla amangalisayo - lokuba imeko yethu engqondweni. Kuyo yonke abstract. Ingqondo yomntu kuzo zonke umlambo izandi ukubona iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo, ingcamango azalwa. ngelaphu Musical zazenziwe umgama ukhwele phakathi izandi kunye taxi. Abaninzi baye weva iingqiqo ezifana segamma, isangqa Naeto, ngokuguquguqula, njalo-njalo. Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uyazi into yokubala usenza intw '.

Marina Korsakov-Crane (neuropsychologist) olwenziwe uthotho imifuniselo ukuchonga abaphulaphuli reaction kule okanye umculo.

Kakuhle eli ulwazi lokuqala kukufundela impendulo yabantu ukuba imigama ezahlukeneyo zonke tonalities kunokwenzeka kunye frets. Kuba omnye experiment, kwisikali enkulu lowo onyuliwe kwaye kwafuneka ukuba babhale ulandelelwano ezimfutshane-phindo. Ukufana afunekayo ukuze abaphulaphuli swi ingqiqo enobuchule lomgama kwisithuba ithoni. Kuba uvavanyo lwesibini basebenzisa chain kakhulu ezilula taxi, kwakunye iziqephu umculo weklasiki yothando.

Ngoko ke, lo isihloko ingqalelo ngononophelo kwi solfeggio. Ngamathuba anentsingiselo ezininzi. Ezi zezi: xesha, nawuphi na umgama, kwakunye ikhefu. Ithuba lokuphumla umculo umgama phakathi izandi ezibini, nto leyo yahluke kakhulu. Kukho ekhefu elula zizonke, zikhulisiwe wayicola (iimpawu, Tritons), kunye dissonant ngonobumba kwaye uncuthu kunye harmonic. Amathuba alula ngaphakathi wenowuthi mnye. ekhefu Compound ukuya ngaphaya ngelamadoda ilizwi. ngamathuba ngezandi abe nomsindo omnandi. sound elwayo kakhulu yaye zifuna imvume.