Virus varicella-zoster - ntoni na? Herpes zoster: Unyango, Ubangela, Iimpawu

Irhashalala, okanye, ngokuchanekileyo ngaphezulu, ingqakaqa umoya, eziqhelekileyo phantse zonke mmi wehlabathi. It uyabavuza sibe kunye iintsholongwane ngoncuthu ekuthiwa varicella-zoster, kuvulwa ngo-1911. Kwathabatha ngaphezu kwenkulungwane ukususela ngelo xesha kude. Varicella sele bafunda ubude nobubanzi, kodwa ukuphumelela kuyo de umntu akakwazi. Okubangelwe yile ntsholongwane sifo alibonakali ukuba kuyingozi kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ukufa kubo 1 100 amawaka amatyala, yaye ke kungekhona ngokwabo, kodwa iingxaki ezibangelwa ngazo. Apha kwezi iingxaki kunye ngobuqhetseba. varicella virus-zoster uyakwazi ukungena kwi egazini, kwi nkovu, kwiinkqubo ezininzi eziphilayo. Lee elapho akunakwenzeka. Xa kuqaliswa emzimbeni wethu, ezimfimfitha uhlala nathi ngonaphakade.

Portrait lwegciwane

Varicella-zoster Varicellovirus bobabo sodidi iquka iintlobo-17. Phakathi kwabo abo ezichaphazela izilwanyana ezithile okanye iintaka kuphela, kodwa kukho yabantu. .Eli xhala kunye neembono ingqalelo sithi "zoster". Igama lithetha ngesiGrike "ibhanti" ebonisa umzekelo, ukwenzakala, waphawula kakhulu qho.

Catch ukusuka iihagu, iinkuku, izinja kunye nezinye izilwanyana ayikwazi. Xa KABLOOM ngamazwe iintsholongwane ezasulelayo ibizwa ngokuba uhlobo 3rd Human alphaherpesvirus. Zonke omkhuhlane microscopically ezincinane, kodwa nganye inayo "ubuso" zalo ezahlukileyo. Neemicroscope uyasibonisa ukuba ezimilise varicella-zoster ngeenxa okanye okweqanda kancinane, abe engundoqo equka DNA, yaye ameva iqokobhe ogcwele yinkukuma ezenziwe iiprotheni ezintsonkothileyo. Ekuqaleni ukubetha umzimba ixhoba, intsholongwane ebangela ukuba yirhashalala sifo.

Iindlela zosulelo

varicella virus-zoster yosulela abantu kuphela, lusa lwa umntwana kokuya esikolweni kunye nesikolo nabantwana. A Inani ingakumbi eliphezulu losulelo ezikolweni, abancinane eziguqulweyo, kulo naliphi na inani elikhulu amaqela. Indlela - indize (nokuthimla, ukukhohlela) kunye ne-pin. njalo kwakhiwa bubbles, nto leyo ukubala amawaka ngamawaka iintsholongwane emzimbeni yomntwana egulayo. Xa la maqamza iimvaba, ngamagciwane exudate ngaphandle kokusingqongileyo kwaye ufake umzimba lomntu enempilo ngezandla ezimdaka, izinto okanye qhagamshelana emzimbeni, ezifana shake ngesandla. iintsholongwane uGrace khona kuphela kwiiseli ixhoba labo, ke ngoko, ukuba phandle, sibe sengozini. Kulula ukubulala isisombululo magciwane, ukubilisa, naziphi na amabala.

iimpawu

It Ungena sethu varicella-zoster emzimbeni ngomlomo, efakwe kwi inwebu yangaphakathi. Wayethandwa 'bridgehead "yabo yokuqala, iintsholongwane baya kuqaliswa kwi limfososudy, igazi, imiphunga, luvo kunye yawo, iiseli umnqonqo. Zingene la maqumrhu, baqala ukuzala, kwaye sele kakuhle emzimbeni, ebangela izifo. Ukususela kwixesha usulelo de iimpawu zokuqala singathatha iintsuku ezili-14 okanye ngaphezulu. Uphawu iphambili ye irhashalala kuyinto ukuvela amaqamza kuzo nerhashalala lonke phezu komzimba. Ekuqaleni, bakhangeleka ngathi maqhuqhuva zifuna ukuba ngqombela, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kukhule ubungakanani intloko umdlalo okanye ngaphantsi kancinci. Bona phantsi kwesikhumba mncane kuyinto exudate iyakhanya. Xa amadlu iimvaba, kulandela exudate, size sihlale phezu izilonda eluswini, ngoxa desiccation ithuba ibe ukhwekhwe.

Ubushushu eyodwa sokugula kunqabile lisingisa amaxabiso aphezulu kunye, njengokuba umthetho, ebanjwe kummandla we-37,5 ° C, iimpawu kunxilwe badla watshoyo, kodwa umntwana kuba abangenazigqibo, akwavuma ukuba adle, ukuze nibe. abantwana abadala (iminyaka 7-12) ubunzima irhashalala thile nzima ngakumbi, nangona sele unaso esi sifo kungenziwa ngendlela ngokwanelisayo lula ngumkhuhlane esezantsi-grade kunye nokwaneliseka.

Varicella ingxaki nokuphololoza kukuba kwizigulane zonke izigaba itches ngamandla. Abantwana nangenjinana kwaye ndiziqhawule noqweqwe, eshiya ulusu wazifincelela ebomini bakho uphawu-ospinki.

Xa abadala, irhashalala ephambili, esi sifo zibi ngakumbi. They ephawulwe:

• yobuthathaka;
• intloko ebuhlungu;
• Iimpawu lobushushu eliphezulu;
• nobuhlungu umzimba;
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
• maxa wambi isicaphucaphu ku ukugabha kunye kukwaphula esitulweni.

Irhashalala e abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye kubelekwa

Phakathi irhashalala ukhulelwe ukuba une enqabile (hayi ngaphezulu kwe-5%), ekubeni inkoliso abakhulelweyo oomama irhashalala yayo ngexesha ebuntwaneni, kwaye umzimba iyakwazi ukuphuhlisa antibodies varicella virus-zoster. Kuzalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6, nabo zinika ukhuseleko kule ntsholongwane. Ngenxa yoko grudnichki irhashalala phantse musa begula.

Ngelishwa, ukuba usuleleko ephambili zentsholongwane ingqakaqha kwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kukho ingozi yokuba nesifo kunye neziqhamo (8%). Ukuba isifo yenzeka ezintathu yokuqala, yaye-5% yabantwana inokuba malformations ezahlukeneyo iziphene (unditsho, ukukhubazeka, iminwe oludala, imbonakalo engaqhelekanga kunye namaziko). Xa esi sifo ezintathu yesibini kunye neentsana-2% ezinxaxhileyo azalwe, ngelixa amatyala isifo esinye kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu lesithathu.

Kodwa ukuba unina uyagula onerhashalala iintsuku ezintlanu phambi kokuba unikezelo okanye kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kokuba babe irhashalala uyaqhubeka kuzalwa nzima kakhulu, mhlawumbi ude yokufa.

Uxilongo varicella-zoster, IgG, IgM kunye nezinye lomzimba

ehlolwa of "chicken pox" wavuswa abangaboniyo. Ngoku oogqirha kwenziwe uthotho lweemvavanyo ukufumana uhlobo ntsholongwane yabangela ukuba isifo noko kuye emzimbeni ukuphuhlisa antibodies. uxilongo Modern kubandakanya:

• Smear ukusuka kwisisu ngomlomo.
• Uvavanyo igazi ukugqiba udidi lwe gciwane.
• Uhlalutyo maqampu exudate.
• iqela unalo test IgM, ezo kwakheka phantse nangoko emva kokuqala zesi sifo lymphocyte pre-B, kunye negazi zabonwa ngomhla 4 yokugula. Kamva izigulane ukubonisa izilwa-buhlungu kunye namanye amaqela. IgG izilwa amaxabiso ekhula kancinci, kodwa ngokucothayo lancitshiswa emva yokuduka iimpawu ezibonakalayo izifo ukubola. Kuyinto impahla yabo isetyenziselwa lokufunyaniswa iintlobo ezithile izigulo ezingapheliyo.

unyango

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane irhashalala hayi esibhedlele. House zona zikusukela ikhosi iziyobisi antiviral ( "i-acyclovir", "brivudine", "gerpevir"), ngobungqina amisele antipyretics, antihistamines, kwaye njengamaqhakuva bonke iqatywe ngepeyinti eluhlaza okanye fukortsinom. Ukuze kuphuculwe Oogqirha okukwazi nabo babhala iivithamini kunye nokudla.

Umzimba ukuba ebegula ebomini zizinto antibodies varicella virus-zoster, apho bakhuselekile ekosulelekeni kwakhona. Ngokomthetho le lomzimba IgG amaqela, kodwa sibekho kunye neqela IgA, IgM. AT IgA izinga kusithwa kakhulu yi kwinyanga yesi-4 emva sifo. Ngokomthetho iyakukhusela inwebu yangaphakathi kwaye amalungu zangaphakathi i-20% yazo zonke antibodies. IgM of immunoglobulins iyonke yi-10% ne-75% IgG. Bathi kuphela nako kugqitha ngumkhaya (kubulela kubungakanani bayo compact), kunye nokunika omzimba olungekazalwa esibelekweni.

ukungaphili

Ukususela emva irhashalala emzimbeni xa abantu antibodies varicella-zoster virus IgG, bafumana nezifo ubomi. Iingxaki sifo kubantwana eqhelekileyo kungaba usuleleko, ezidweliswe imikrwelo papules. A abantwana buthathaka kakhulu iingxaki okunokwenzeka:

• inyumoniya (iimpawu: ukukhohlela, ifiva, cyanosis ulusu, ukuphelelwa umoya);
• Kobuchopho (iimpawu: intloko ebuhlungu, ifiva, unditsho, ukungabi ulungelelaniso, isicaphucaphu);
• bursitis;
• samathambo;
• thrombophlebitis.

Xa abadala, kwisiqalo of irhashalala bangaba:

• laryngitis;
• tracheitis;
• meningitis;
• kobuchopho;
• hepatitis;
• samathambo;
• erysipelas;
• mathumba, cellulitis, streptoderma.

ezibangela tile of

Esi sifo ikwabizwa ngokuba "tile." Varicella-zoster yintsholongwane, kanye wavaleleka emzimbeni, kuqhubeka bephila ngendlela efukamileyo (engasebenziyo) wombuso iiseli zemithambo apha emqolo, kwi-luvo cranial kwi ganglia (izihloko luvo) e-nervous system. Xa amajoni omzimba womntu womelele, bahlale ngokuzolileyo kwaye ibangele inkathazo. Kodwa kamsinya nje umzimba buthathaka, iintsholongwane nangoko iyasebenza. Ngenxa yoko, le Irhashalala omtsha kungenzeki; kodwa umntu eqala nezinye izifo - ngamaxolo, ebhekisela kudidi kwezifo ezosulelayo, kwaye ivelisa nerhashalala uphawu emzimbeni.

izizathu:

• utyando, ukwenzakala kunye nezinye izifo, kuquka izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla, influenza;
• zeleka luvo;
• ukutya izinga abampofu;
• umsebenzi onzima, umzimba amandla;
• iimeko zokuphila amahlwempu;
• isifo esinganyangekiyo, nto leyo likakade;
• nokukhulelwa;
• emzimbeni;
• abohlukeneyo;
• amayeza ezithile gqiba amajoni omzimba;
• ukwaluphala.

iimpawu

Tile ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kubantu abadala kodwa kubantwana ababuthathaka ngubani ukuba yirhashalala, lingakwazi axilonge. zimpawu ezingundoqo nezibonwayo zibe krwada emzimbeni, ikakhulu lalikhona, apho komboko luvo. Kunye herpes kufuphi impumlo kunye imilebe esi sifo akunanto yakwenza, njengomnye intsholongwane ebizwa ukuba uhlalutyo lubonisa. Virus varicella-zoster, ukufumana ukukhululeka bendibalondolozele silawulwe sifo, nkcazelo evela iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwaye axons zabo iincam luvo. Ukufikelela usukelo, ibangela isifo solusu. Iimpawu-lwakuqala:

• ubushushu;
• Ukudinwa phaku, kwaye umkhuhlane;
• yokuswela amandla;
• zanyamalala emnyama;
• intlungu ukurhawuzelela (ukuluma maxa wambi engaqhelekanga) kwinkalo kuqhume elizayo.

Iimpawu e kwincopho sifo:

• ukungxama ngokohlobo amaqamza kunye exudate ngaphaya;
• iindawo nkovu kalanga;
• ubuhlungu neuralgic (esenokuba qatha okanye namandla);
• lobushushu subfebrile phezulu;
• zimpawu ukunxila.

Isigulo eso sithatha ukusuka ngeveki ukuya inyanga.

Ucalulo ngohlobo yabangxamayo

Varicella-zoster ihlasela amalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni, ngoko ke umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo iishingles:

• Abaxilonga (wambetha isebe lwamehlo le-luvo trigeminal kuba zingonakalisa inwebu). Kubonakaliswa intlungu emehlweni, ukuwa lwembono, kwamaqhakuvana phezu iitempile ezijikeleze emehlweni.
• Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (wawabetha izihlunu bakope, amaqhakuvana iqatshelwe kwisisu zomlomo nendlebe umsele).
• Injini (myotomes nqa kunye dermatomes, izigulane ezikhala iintlungu eziqatha kwizihlunu yalityatya le yengalo).

Ngokutsho lokuqhubeka sifo ukwahlula ezi ntlobo:

• abortifacient (ngaphandle iintlungu krwada);
• esinganyangekiyo (ufunga elikhulu kakhulu);
• ukopha (igazi ekhoyo amadlu exudate);
• Necrotic (papules kwenzeka ndawo yesikhumba necrosis);
• ngokubanzi (irhashalala lonke phezu emzimbeni).

ekuxilongweni

tile ngokwezonyango kunye abangaboniyo phambi ukujaduka idla ngokuphosakeleyo appendicitis, angina, unepleurisy kunye nezinye izifo. ukuqhuba beyaleza xa kuyimfuneko. Varicella-zoster zityhila ngokukhawuleza, kukufunda iisampulu ngemicroscope. Kwakhona usebenzisa immunofluorescence kunye neendlela ze-serological. Zobunewu izifundo laboratory owenziwa ngaphandle kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Grudnichki-iziguli;
• abantwana immunodeficiency States;
• herpes Nedlac;
• indlela elinzima sifo.

Xa abantwana, gciwane esizalweni, zifumaneka inani elikhulu omzimba varicella-zoster izilwa IgG kunye IgM. Ukwahlula lwenziwa yi PCR. Le yokusabela kunceda ukuchonga yintsholongwane ukungabikho kwamaqhakuvana kwi eluswini nobukho yayo enyama yangaphakathi.

Unyango lwe herpes zoster

Ukuba hlahlelo HIV - varicella-zoster une-100% ngokuqinisekileyo. Emva koko, ugqirha uza kuqinisekisa algorithm unyango. Ndimele ndithi ukuba ngamaxolo ulutsha udlula ngaphandle iziyobisi, kodwa engashiyi idayethi ebhedini ukuphumla. njani Amayeza ikhawuleze ukubuyiselwa kunye nokuthintela iingxaki, kwakunye ukususa intlungu ubushushu, ukuba zikhona.

Antiviral emiselweyo kwizigulana ezindala ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, buthathaka kakhulu, ubunzima ukwenzakala kwegazi, abaphethwe zizifo ezingapheliyo, nabantwana. iziyobisi ixhaphake - yi "acyclovir" "Famciclovir", "Valacyclovir", naphakathi ntlungu "ibuprofen", "Ketoprofen", "naproxen" kunye analogue. Kwakhona kwi ubungqina emiselweyo anticonvulsants, lakhula, corticosteroids. Xa bangenwa varicella-zoster amehlo kunye / okanye isigulane esibhedlele ingqondo.

ukungaphili

Kuye kwabikwa-28% kuphila iishingles. Izigulane ezikhala:

• ukungaboni;
• ubuthulu;
• ikhanda njalo kanye kwenja;
• ngokuqhutywa ngumdla ukubonakala nesiyezi;
• umzimba ubuhlungu bomzimba emva yokuduka yabangxamayo.

Ngokuba ezinye izigulane ukuphuhlisa insufficiency ezesifuba / okanye kwezintso, ukuqukuqela ingxaki kwezifo oncological, ubumfama, ukungeva ngeendlebe, ukonakala kwengqondo kunye / okanye nomqolo intambo kwithishyu.

I Zostavax Ugonyo yenzelwe njengenyathelo lothintelo. ukusebenza kwayo kuzinza empirically, kulingana nama-50%.