Alkalosis - ntoni na? Alkalosis: ezibangela, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Alkalosis luphawulwa utshintsho kwi balance asidi-isiseko emzimbeni apho kwenani kwezinto obrak. Esi sifo kunqabile ngokwaneleyo ukuze bandiqumbise iinguqulelo ezininzinzi kweli umsebenzi zonke iinkqubo zomzimba. Ngamana kukhule esiswini, ukwenzakala kwixesha postoperative nangexesha umoya ngomatshini.

Alkalosis - ntoni na?

Alkalosis yi ukungalingani ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo yesidambisi umzimba. Kulo mzekelo, igazi kwealkali aqale ngabona phezu asidi kwaye pH inyuswe. Ukuba, phezu koko, ii-asidi ngabona phezu amabala, oko kungqina ukuba uphuhliso asidi - muncu andingowasemzimbeni, nto leyo kakhulu alkalosis eziyingozi kakhulu kwaye nefuthe kakhulu ekusebenzeni zonke iinkqubo.

Ukwahlula alkalosis ingahlawulwa kunye uncompensated. Kwimeko yokuqala, utshintsho esikalini asidi-base akuthethi ukuya ngaphaya parameters ezamkelekileyo ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza emzimbeni (7.35-7.45), yaye ngokukhawuleza nganye ezinga malungu abantu ngokuthi unike chloride kuqheleke yokuphila nesondlo.

Xa pH ingaphezulu ingongoma 7,45, kukho alkalosis uncompensated. Yintoni na? Umntu nale isalathisi eseleyo acid-base kukwaphula kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza zonke iinkqubo zomzimba. Ngokukodwa, kukho iingxaki kunye sentliziyo, yokuphefumla, yokucola ukutya kunye neenkqubo luvo.

Kutheni kukwaphula eseleyo asidi-isiseko emzimbeni

Umzimba womntu iindlela ezipheleleyo elawula ubomi inkqubo buffer eqhelekileyo, sibonisa amathuba iinkqubo ezithile ukubuyisela imali eseleyo asidi-obrak. Foods ukuba zingadliwa imihla ngemihla, kuchaphazela ngqo pH.

Kwimeko zokugxojwa acid-isiseko balance ithi ezimbini yokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi - asidi okanye alkalosis.

Alkalosis - alkalization komzimba. Kwinkqubo lwelo koyisa iikhompawundi obrak kwaye pH mkhulu kuno 7,45.

Lactic - muncu komzimba. It is a imeko eyingozi kuba umzimba ziyamelana kwealkali ngaphezu enganyangekiyo acid. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuba naluphi na utshintsho kwindawo yokuqala, oogqirha amisele ukutya, inceda ukubuyisela pH.

Indlela of utshintsho emzimbeni pH eliphezulu

Ukuze ngokufanelekileyo ukuphendula utshintsho kwimpilo yakho, kufuneka uyazi alkalosis kangakanani yingozi. Oku kubangela izifo hemodynamic: ukuncipha uxinzelelo lwegazi, izinga intliziyo, igazi ebuchotsheni kunye sentliziyo. Kwinkqubo yokwetyisa ukuhla motility isisu, ebangela ukuqhina.

Imbonakalo nesiyezi, iwela operability kwenzeka syncope, lazi iziko sokuphefumla. Ukwanda ucaphuka luvo, ukuvela izihlunu hypertonicity, leyo ukufikelela ukuya sokuwa, kunye tetany.

iintlobo alkalosis

Kuxhomekeka imvelaphi sifo, kukho amaqela amathathu alkalosis zezi:

• Gas - kwenzeka xa hyperventilation. Ukugcwala oxygen ngexesha iphefumlelwe ikhuthaza zinomgutyulo ngokugqithisileyo carbon dioxide ngexesha zingumphunga. Le ngezifo kuthiwa alkalosis sokuphefumla. ukulahleka igazi kwakhona kwenzeka xa, ukonzakala entloko, iziphumo eziphilayo kweziyobisi ezahlukeneyo (metrazole, caffeine, iityhefu ngeentsholongwane).
• Non-gas - uye iintlobo eziliqela, nganye iphuhlise kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo ezithile kwaye ibangela utshintsho eziphilayo.
• Icandelo elinezakhiwo - kwenzeka xa ukonzakala entloko ukuba ukuphelelwa umoya, ukugabha, hypocapnia.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba basibone alkalosis. Yintoni na? Enoba imvelaphi, esi sifo ibangela utshintsho gqolo ekusebenzeni lweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo.

Ukusukela alkalosis non-sukube

alkalosis Non-gas yahlulwe excretory, yokucolwa kunye angaphandle.

Excretory - kwenzeka nolawulo ezingapheliyo of womchamo, izifo sezintso, fistula esiswini, ukugabha iyingozi (ngexesha apho kukho inani elikhulu ezilahlekileyo juice esiswini), iingxaki ezidalwe (unobangela sodium yokugcina emzimbeni).

alkalosis zithe zadala eyenzeke ukutya kakuhle, xa bonke ukutya supersaturated kwealkali xa kubhalwa ku sodium yesoda yabantu ukunciphisa isisu iasidi.

Pathways - into enqabileyo kukhulisa eyaphula kwiinkqubo pathways ebandakanya electrolytes. Le meko kunokuba iziphene (kukwaphula umthetho exchange electrolyte), ukuphuhlisa emva utyando olukhulu okanye kwafunyaniswa ukuba abantwana abaphethwe yamathambo.

Xa alkalosis umntu liyancipha izinga lentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo ilahla, kunye nemeko ngokubanzi saxabana, kunye nokusebenza kunciphisa gqolo olandela ubuthathaka. Ngezi mpawu kufuneka kuqala ukuphelisa alkalosis. Iimpawu ngqo nje abonisa ukuhlukumeza pH yaye kufuneka iyakuqinisekiswa iimviwo komzimba.

Izinto ezibangela alkalosis

Alkalosis luphuhlisa phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko zangaphandle kunye iqala. igesi Cause alkalosis yi hyperventilation. Kule meko kukho ioksijini ukunyuka kwamanani, yaye ngenxa yoko, ukupheliswa ngokugqithisileyo carbon dioxide.

Alkalosis kaninzi kwenzeka kwixesha postoperative. Oku kubangelwa buthathaka umzimba ngexesha kutyando phantsi kwempembelelo zomzimba. Gas alkalosis kungabangela lwegazi, hemolysis, yamathambo ebantwaneni kunye nezilonda esiswini.

Unobangela alkalosis non-sukube - ukungabikho okanye ngokugqithiseleyo yejusi esiswini. Naluphi na utshintsho kukhokelela ukuphazamiseka eseleyo acid-base.

iziyobisi alkalosis isizathu umzimba ezandisa umxholo kwealkali emzimbeni. Ukukhuthaza uphuhliso ngezifo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezinomthamo aphezulu iziseko okanye ukuhlanza, lwenze ngokukhawuleza chlorine.

symptomatology kwesifo

Imiqondiso yokuqala alkalosis gas Ekwandeni ixhala nochulumanco. Le Uyagula nomonde, ingqalelo kunye inkumbulo iba yimbi, apho paresthesias kobuso kunye eziphelweni, kukho ukudinwa ngokukhawuleza naluphi na unxibelelwano. Ukongeza, kukho ukozela, emzimbeni, isikhumba luthuthu (ingaqala ekuthiwa "cyanosis grey").

alkalosis pathways luphawulwa yintloko ebuhlungu rhoqo, nobuthongo, ukudumba amalungu omzimba kunye unditsho, silale, ukungakhathali kwihlabathi ngaphandle, ukungabi namdla, esiswini. Nesikhumba kuvela irhashalala, kuba ezomileyo kunye luthuthu.

Alkalosis: lokufunyaniswa kwesifo

Ngokusekelwe iimpawu zangaphandle kunye iimpawu eziphambili ayikwazi unesifo. Ukuchonga ukunyhashwa eseleyo asidi-kwisiseko umzimba kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uviwo ezipheleleyo (ukuchama, igazi, yenze electrocardiogram).

Ngaphandle umgangatho, ibonisa uhlahlelo igazi usebenzisa 'micro-Astrup "okanye-pH imitha, uvavanyo mikrogazometrichesky. alkalosis Identification Xa ugqirha ubeka unyango ofanelekileyo ejolise Ngokuphelisa izinto ingcambu iimpawu kunye neutralization elandelayo.

unyango alkalosis

unyango alkalosis igesi kubulawe hyperventilation. Le isigulane emiselweyo inkqubo ngokuthi inhalation kwekharbon imixube dioxide (umz, carbogen) ukubuyisela yesiqhelo imali eseleyo acid-base.

Fumana Lahla oonobangela ukungalingani - into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze kupheliswe alkalosis. Iimpawu kunye nonyango kufuneka inxulunyaniswe, ngokukhawuleza emva koko uya yokungenelela ukuphazamiseka ukusebenza kweenkqubo yesidambisi le umzimba.

Ukuphelisa le alkalosis non-sukube asebenzise izisombululo ze ammonium chloride, potassium, calcium, insulin. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba yokuzisa amachiza, leyo abayithintelayo inyathelo anhydrase గుర్తులు ibhaloni lula zinomgutyulo ngokusebenzisa ion inkqubo sodium wokuchama yehayidrojini carbonate.

alkalosis Abantu kujongwe kwimvelaphi ezimbi kakhulu esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. alkalosis pathways yegazi ilawulwa izisombululo ngecalcium chloride okanye sodium. Xa kuqaliswa kulo izisombululo hypokalemia umzimba ka-potassium chloride, potassium iziyobisi engashiyi kunye Pananginum.

Ukuba alkalosis ihamba nokugabha, isifo sorhudo okanye haemolysis, unyango ijolise ikakhulu ukuphelisa ezi khemikhali yaye kuphela emva kokuba ukuba unyango ukubuyisela imali eseleyo asidi-obrak.

Prevention alkalosis

Kuba ekuthinteleni ukunyhashwa pH kufuneka kubekw 'esweni ngenyameko ngenxa indlela yabo yokuphila. Kubalulekile ukuba ugcine ukutya okusempilweni yaye ubuthongo, ukuyeka imikhwa emibi kunye nokulala. Ukudla eqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa okwaneleyo iziqhamo kunye nemifuno likuvumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukubuyisela imali asidi-ialakalin kunye nokuthintela alkalosis, oonobangela apho kulala ekutyeni engalunganga.

Kufuneka wazi oko kutya ukunyusa ubungakanani acid, kwaye lifinyele (oku kuya ngokukhawuleza ukuphucula imeko yabo):

• amanzi ezimbiwa, iimveliso zobisi kunye tea eluhlaza igalelo yoxinaniso kwealkali;
• iitapile ezonto ukunciphisa inani neziseko emzimbeni;
• tea ukwanda kwinqanaba acid, ikofu, iimveliso yokubhaka, ziilekese, intlanzi kunye nenyama, ngoko oku kutya kufuneka ubhebhethwe moderation;
• bunjani ialakalin pH Kucetyiswa ukuba geza kunye yokugquma.

maqula awana nyulu ubuthi umzimba ukunciphisa izinga acid. Saunas kwakhona kuyawucoca, ukuba kuchaphazela kwegazi kwaye ubuyisele imali asidi-obrak.

Alkalosis kubantwana

Ebantwaneni, kwimvelaphi iimeko ezininzi zophendlo lwezifo esi sifo iphuhlisa kaninzi, oku kubangelwa lability lweenkqubo yesidambisi le umzimba. alkalosis pathways kunokwenzeka nxamnye imvelaphi yazo naziphi na esiswini ezo zihamba ukubuyisa (kunegalelo ukulahleka esiswini acid), okanye isifo sorhudo.

Unobangela uqhelekileyo alkalosis pathways zezi kwentlungu wokuzalwa, stenosis pyloric kunye ileus. womchamo Ukwamkela ikwachaphazela eseleyo acid-isiseko kwenkqubo ixeshana kwaye kungadala alkalosis hypoglycemic.

Enye imbangela oqhelekileyo ukuphazamiseka ngenxa yohlengahlengiso alkalis acids Uqeqesho engalunganga ye asidi ebantwaneni. alkalosis pathways yimfuzo, kunye nothutho ion iklorin aphazanyiswa ethunjini.

Nokuxilonga ngezifo Ungasebenzisa uhlalutyo endleni, kuya kuba ion chlorine, lwesi sakhi zange kubonakele kwisampulu umchamo.

Oonobangela alkalosis igesi abantwana

Gas alkalosis kungenzeka abantwana hyperventilation, nto leyo iwuxhokonxileyo i syndrome eyityhefu eyathi yenzeka xa izifo ezihlasela zosulele wentsholongwane egazini ngokuphefumla, meningitis, inyumoniya, kobuchopho, ukwenzakala ebuchotsheni esibuhlungu, nangezilonda ingqondo kunye nezenzo psychogenic.

Xa yomatshini ngokufuthi iphuhlisa alkalosis ingahlawulwa zemiphunga. Calcium izivuka, nto leyo ebangelwa yinto ukungalingani inkqubo yesidambisi, isigulana kungabangela unditsho, umkhuhlane, ukwanda lafa ngesandla, kwaye ukubila. Xa abantwana abadala, kukho yalityatya ngokwamathambo ndindisholo, iithowuni kunye ukuduma. hypercapnia Acute kunokubangela umntwana Ukuphazamiseka kakhulu neuropsychiatric kwaye kungakhokelela isiqaqa.

Iimpawu alkalosis ebantwaneni

ixesha kubaluleke kakhulu ukubhaqa ukuphelisa alkalosis kwiintsana. Iimpawu ze-pH yomntwana iya zibonakaliswe ngendlela efanayo kubantu abadala: ixhala, ukuba nochuku, ukozela, ukudinwa, ukungabi namdla, ngaso linye yokwetyisa.

Symptomatology ukungalingani Isalathisi acid-base zisenokwahluka kancinane, kuxhomekeke ngezizathu esamcaphukisayo ukutshintsha pH. Kuyahluka njengoko iqondo iimpawu - ukusuka ngobulali esiqatha izigulo ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni.

Ukuba iyitshinizele nengqiqo alkalosis (yintoni na kwaye yintoni unobangela ukunyhashwa pH), kungabonwa ngendlela ngexesha kwi iimpawu sifo ngokukhawuleza ukuphelisa kuyo.