Ziziphi iingxaki zokucinga? Ingxaki yokucinga: izizathu, iimpawu, udidi

Umntu ngamnye uhlala ngokubhekiselele kwimeko ethile yokubonakalisa ukuba yinyani. Omnye unokubona intlango, enye enye isiqithi seentyantyambo phakathi kwentlabathi, ngenxa yokuba ilanga likhanya, kodwa kwabanye kubonakala kungenakwaneleyo. Inyaniso yokuba umntu ngamnye ubona imeko efanayo kuya kuxhomekeka kwinkqubo yengqondo ebalulekileyo-ukucinga. Sihlalutya, sivavanya, sithelekisa, senza izenzo zeemathementi sibonga kuye.

Iingcali ezininzi zisebenza ngokufunda iziganeko zokucinga, ngokuqhelekileyo zisoloko zengqondo kunye neengqondo zengqondo. Kwinqwelo yeengqondo, kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokubakho nokuthembeka. Ukuxilongwa kwengcinga kuqhutyelwa ukucacisa ukuphulwa, kunye nokufumana iindlela zokuphuhlisa ukucinga. Ngokwezakhono zengqondo, kunokwenzeka ukucacisa iinkqubo zengqondo yokucinga. Emva koko, uncedo lwezonyango lunikezelwa kubantu abafumana umsebenzi we-pathological kule nkqubo yengqondo. Yintoni engabangela ukuphazamiseka ekucingeni?

Yintoni eqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yengqondo ebonisa ukungokoqobo?

Kuze kube namhlanje, iingcali ezininzi zithetha indlela yokuchaza ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo yengqondo eyinkimbinkimbi - ukucinga. Kodwa kude kube ngoku akuzange kufumaneke isicatshulwa esipheleleyo esichaza yonke into eyenza engqondweni zethu. Le nkqubo yengqondo inxalenye yengqondo kunye nabanye (imemori, ingcamango, ingqalelo kunye nokuqonda). Ukucinga kuguqula yonke into efunyenwe ngaphandle, ukuyiguqulela kwiplanethi yokujonga ngokuzimeleyo kwimeko engqongileyo yoluntu. Ukubonisa imodeli engummiselo womntu umntu onako, ngoncedo lolwimi, intetho, ukwahlula kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Kungenxa yentetho umntu ebizwa ngokuba ngumntu obalaseleyo.

Ukuqonda imeko ezahlukeneyo, ngoncedo lwentetho, umntu uvakalisa izigqibo zakhe, ubonisa ingcamango yeemigwebo zakhe. Iinkqubo zokucinga ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka zihambelane nemigqaliselo emininzi.

• Umntu kufuneka aqonde kwaye asebenzise yonke inkcazelo evela kuye ngaphandle.
• Uvavanyo lomntu kufuneka lube kwisakhelo seemeko zomgaqo-nkqubo ezamkelekileyo kuluntu.
• Kukho umongo osesikweni obonisa ngokugqithiseleyo imimiselo nemithetho yoluntu lonke. Izigqibo malunga nemeko kufuneka zisekelwe kule ngcamango.
• Iinkqubo zokucinga kufuneka ziqhubeke ngokuhambelana nemithetho yolawulo lwenkqubo.
• Ukucinga akufanele kube yimpumelelo, kuyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakalisa ezininzi iingcamango zesakhiwo esamkelekileyo ngokubanzi sehlabathi.

Ezi ngqinisiso azifanelanga bonke abantu phantsi kwemithetho jikelele yokukho. Akukho mntu wanciphisa ubuntu bomntu. Kuthe malunga nesininzi njengesiqhelo. Umzekelo wasisiseko: abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukutya emva kwe-21.00 kukulimaza, ngoko ke wonke umntu odla ngokudliwayo kamva akafaki kwisakhelo esiqhelekileyo. Kodwa kukho konke, ukuphambuka akubalanga. Ngoko ngokucinga. Ezinye izinto ezingahambelaniyo kunye nolwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo olwamkelekileyo lwehlabathi ngokubhaliweyo, lunokuthi, ngaphandle kokuba kuphulwa kakubi kokucinga.

Iindlela zokuxilonga

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-logic, ukuguquguquka, ubunzulu, ukucinga ngokucokisekileyo, kunye nendlela ephuhliswe ngayo iintlobo zayo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufunda le nkqubo yengqondo. Oogqirha baqhutyelwa ngakumbi kwizinga lezendalo, ukuxilongwa kwephulo lokucinga kuyenziwa ngoncedo lwezixhobo zonyango eziqhelekileyo. Bakhangeleka iiparatus, bajonga i-pathological foci, baqhuba i-MRI, i-encephalogram njalonjalo. Iingcali zengqondo zisebenzisa izinto zokuhlola emsebenzini wazo. Ukuxilongwa ngokucinga kwengqondo kwinto enokuthi iyenze ngoxhaswa kwenkqubo yokujonga kunye nokuhlolwa kwendalo okanye i-laboratory. Iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zokumisela iimpawu zengqondo yomsebenzi: ubuchule bokuthi "Ukungabandakanyi iingcamango," uvavanyo lweBennett, ukufundiswa kobunzima bokucinga nokunye. Ukufumanisa ukuphazamiseka kwengcinga kubantwana, ungasebenzisa "Ukwahlula kumaqela", "Yenza umgca wecala", "Fumana imifani", "Labyrinth" kunye nabanye.

Izizathu zokuphulwa

Izizathu zokuphulwa kwenkqubo yengqondo eyinkimbinkimbi ebonakalisa into ebonakalayo engqondweni yethu inokuba yinto eninzi. Kwanje, iingcali azizange zifikelele kwisivumelwane malunga nokuphulwa kwamathambo ekuhlaleni kwabantu. Zivela ngenxa yomonakalo owenzayo, ingqondo yengqondo, i-neuroses, i-depression. Makhe siqwalasele izizathu zokuphambuka okuyisiseko.

1. Iingxaki zokuqonda. Benza umgangatho ophantsi wokusebenza kwengqondo. Ezi ngxaki ziyakwenzeka kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ombutho womzimba womntu. Kwinqanaba leselula, ziyakuthintela isigulane ukuba senze ngokwaneleyo into ehambelanayo, ilandelwe zizigqibo ezingalunganga malunga noko kwenzekayo. Lezi zifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's disease (ukugula komzimba ngenxa yezilonda zezilwanyana ze-cerebral vessels), i-schizophrenia. Xa i-lobes yesikhashana yengqondo ichaphazelekayo, kukho ukuphulwa kwememori nokucinga, okuthintela loo mntu ukuba enze imisebenzi eqhelekileyo, ukulungiswa nokuhlaziya izinto. Ngamahlwempu, umntu ufumana ulwazi oluphosakeleyo, ngoko ke izigwebo zakhe nezigqibo zakhe zingenakwanela kwizinto ezikhoyo zobomi.
2. Iipathologies zeendlela zokucinga zivela kwiengqondo. Ngaloo mntu akakwazi ukuyila ulwazi malunga nesigxina sezinto, ngoko ke izigqibo ezingenangqiqo. Kukho ukunganyaniseki kweengcamango, ukungabikho kwanxibelelwano phakathi kwabo, kunye nokuqonda kweenkcukacha ngeendlela zangaphandle, akukho nxu lumano phakathi kweemeko okanye izinto.
3. Ukuphazamiseka komxholo weengcamango. Ngenxa yobuthathaka kwinkqubo yokucinga (ngokukodwa, utshintsho lwe-stimuli yangaphandle), kukho i-"skewed" esichasayo kwiziganeko zangempela kwiziganeko ezifunyenwe zifundo njengento exabisekileyo kuye.
4. Umgaqo-nkqubo onganeleyo. Ukucinga komntu kulungiswe ngendlela enokuthi, kwimiba engxaki, ukhangele iindlela zokuphuma kwimeko yamava angaphambili kunye nolwazi lokucwangcisa ngexesha elithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umgaqo-nkqubo uyamnceda umntu ukuba angabonakali ngokungahambi kakuhle, jonga ingxaki evela ngaphandle, zibuze imibuzo kwaye zikhangele iimpendulo ezakhayo ngexesha elifanayo, yenza isicwangciso esipheleleyo senzenzo. Ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwalo mgaqo, umntu akakwazi ukufumana ngokukhawuleza indlela yokuphuma kwimeko yangoku. Iziphazamiso ezinjalo zokucinga zingabangelwa ukugqithiswa kwengqondo, ukulimala, izicubu zeengqondo, izilonda ezinobuthi, ukuvutha ebunzini.

Iintlobo zeengcinga zokugula

Iipathologies zomsebenzi wengqondo zininzi, kuba le nkqubo ininzi. Kukho ulwahlulo lwezophulo, oludibanisa zonke iipropati kunye neentlobo zenkqubo yengqondo ebonakalisa ukunyaniseka. Iintlobo zokwephulwa kwengcinga zilandelayo:

1. I-Pathology ye-dynamics yokucinga.
2. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenxalenye ekhuthazayo kwinkqubo yokucinga.
3. Ukuphulwa komsebenzi.

Ukukhubazeka kwendlela yokusebenza yenkqubo yengqondo

Ezi mpazamo zichaphazela inkqubo yokuveliswa kweengcamango. Ngenxa yoko, ukudibanisa okunengqiqo phakathi kwabo kwizigwebo zomntu obandezelekayo, izigwebo ezichanekileyo, iingcamango malunga nezinto kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo ziza kuqala. Izigulana azikwazi ukukhetha kwiimpawu ezininzi kunye neepropati zento efanelekileyo kakhulu kwizinto ezichanekileyo zeempawu zayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo ezinjalo zentsholongwane ziba nabantu abagulayo abane-oligophrenia, isithuthwane kunye ne-encephalitis.

Ukugqithiswa kwezi ntlobo kunokubonakalisa ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokuvelisa. Kule meko, umntu ogulayo akayi kuqwalasela iipropati zento, ezihambelana ngokukodwa. Iziganeko ezikhethiweyo kuphela ezikhethiweyo, phakathi kwezinto kunye neziganeko akukho nxu lumano olusekelwe kwinqanaba lekcubeko eliqhelekileyo. Kukho ukuphulwa kokucinga kwi-schizophrenia kunye nengqondo.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho oluchaphazela ukuguqulwa kokucinga

Ukuxhatshazwa kwesantya somsebenzi wengqondo, ukuhambelana kunye nokuzimela kuluphawu oluthile lwenkqubo elandelanayo ebonisa ukunyaniseka. Kukho imiqondiso emininzi yokwephulwa kwecandelo elinamandla lokucinga.

• Ukucima. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nokuqiqa ngokuqhubekayo malunga nento ethile, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, izigulane ziqala ukuthetha ngezinye izinto. Baya kukhwela kwesinye isihloko bengagqibelelanga owedlule, becinga ngemibutho enganelanga okanye iimvumi. Ngelo xesha libona ukukhutshwa okunjalo njengesiqhelo. Ngenxa yale nkqubo, indlela eqhelekileyo nengqiqo yokucinga iphazamiseka.
• Ukuphendula. Inkqubo apho isigulane siphendula kuzo zonke izistim zangaphandle. Ekuqaleni angakwazi ukuqiqa ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo, kodwa ke aqonde yonke into ecasulayo njengoko ayibhekisele kuye, qwalasela izinto ezilungelelweyo njengezilwanyana, ezifuna uncedo okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba. Abantu abanjalo banokulahlekelwa ukuqhelaniswa kwabo kwithuba nakwixesha.
• Ukungqinelani. Umntu ogulayo ubonakalisa izigwebo ezingahambelaniyo. Ngelo xesha, zonke izakhiwo ezisisiseko zokucinga zigcinwe. Umntu unokungahambisani ngokucacileyo isigwebo, ukuhlalutya nokuvelisa. Olu hlobo lweentsholongwane lufumaneka rhoqo kubantu abaneentsholongwane, ukulimala kwengqondo, i-MDP, kwaye oku kukuphulaphula ukucinga kwi-schizophrenia, kodwa benza malunga ne-14% yezifo ezipheleleyo.
• Ukungena. Ngemisebenzi egcinwe kunye neepropati zenkqubo yokucinga, isantya sokwenza isenzo kunye nesigwebo siyahamba ngokukhawuleza. Sitshintshela kwelinye isenzo, iinjongo, usebenze ngaphandle komkhwa womntu kunzima kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo inertia ivela kubantu abanesithuthwane, i-MDS, i-epalytic psychopathy, kwaye iyakwazi ukuhamba neemeko ezixhalabileyo, ezingenakukhathazeka, nezimo ze-asthenic.
• Ukukhawuleza. Iingcamango ezikhawulezayo ezikhulayo, izigwebo ezichaphazela nelizwi (lingadibanisa ngenxa yokuhamba rhoqo kwentetho). Ngenxa yokukhubazeka okunjalo, kukho ukunyuka kwengqondo: xa umntu exelela into ethile, uyayichukumisa, iphazamise, ikhethe kwaye ibonise phantsi kweengcamango eziphezulu kunye nokudibanisa.

Iyintoni ingxaki yecandelo lobuntu?

Kubantu abaye baphambuka kwicandelo lobuqu lokucinga, iingxaki zokucinga ezichazwe ngezantsi ziyimpawu.

• Ezahlukahlukeneyo. Nayiphi na ixabiso, isigwebo, okanye isigqibo singasetyenziswa "kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokucinga. Ngohlalutyo olukhuselekileyo, ukuvelisa kunye nokuqhathanisa nomntu, nayiphi na imisebenzi ingaqhubeka kwiindlela ezingahambisani. Ngokomzekelo, ukwazi ukuba kufuneka unakekele ukutya, umfazi angathengela izitya ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kwikati, kungekhona kubantwana bakhe. Okokuthi, umsebenzi kunye nolwazi lwanele, isimo sengqondo ngokubhekiselele ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nomsebenzi.
• Ukuhlaziya. Ukucinga komntu onalesi sifo kuhloswe "ukuxazulula iingxaki zehlabathi". Ngenye indlela lo kuphulaphulwa kuthiwa ukuqiqa okungenamsebenzi. Oko kukuthi, umntu unokuchitha ixesha elihle, afundise, aze aziveze ngaphandle kokungabaza.
• I-Ornate. Xa umntu echaza into ethile, uchitha amagama amaninzi kunye nemizwelo yale nto. Ngaloo ndlela, entetho yakhe kukho ukucinga okungenangqiqo, okuthintela inkqubo yoqhagamshelwano.
• Amorphous. Ngamanye amazwi, oku kuphulwa kweengcamango ezinengcamango. Ngexesha elifanayo, abantu badidekile kwiingcamango kunye nokudibanisa okunengqiqo phakathi kwabo. Abahambi abakwazi ukuqonda oko akuthethayo. Oku kuquka ukuxhunyezwa, apho kungekho nxu lumano phakathi kwamagama.

Ukucinga kokuqukethwe - yintoni na?

Isiqulatho sokucinga sisisiseko salo, oko kukuthi, umsebenzi wezakhiwo eziphambili: ukuthelekisa, ukuhlanganiswa, uhlalutyo, ukuvelisa, ukuqinisekisana, ingcamango, isigwebo, ingqalelo. Ukongezelela, umxholo womxholo uquka iindlela zokuqaphela i-world-induction and deduction. Kulo lwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwenkqubo yengqondo, iingcali zongeza ezinye iindidi: ezingabonakaliyo, ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo kunye nokucinga.

Iklasi ehlukeneyo yokwephulwa, apho ukucinga komntu kudlula umendo wokuhlaziywa, ngaba izifo zomxholo wakhe. Ngelo xesha, iipropati zayo zigcinwe ngandlela-thile, kodwa izigwebo ezingafanelekanga, ukuxhamla okunengqiqo kunye neenqwenela ziza kuqala. Iipathologies zeli klasi ziquka ukuphazamiseka kokucinga nokucinga.

Ukupheliswa kwabantu

Ezi mpazamo zibizwa ngenye indlela ngeengcamango ezingenakunyusa. Iingcamango ezinjalo ziphakama ngokukhawuleza, zihlale ziqwalasela umntu. Bangakwazi ukuphikisana nenkqubo yakhe yexabiso, ahambisani nobomi bakhe. Ngenxa yabo, umntu ukhathele ngokomzwelo, kodwa akukho nto enokuyenza kunye nabo. Ukuqaphela, iingcamango zibonwa ngumntu njengabo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zixhaphaza, zihlazo, zingenanto, umntu uhlaselwa. Bangakwazi ukuvela ngenxa yeemeko ze-psychotraumatic okanye umonakalo owenziwe yi- correx, i- basal ganglion, i-cingulate gyrus.

Iingcamango ezingqondweni

Ezi zigwebo ezibonakala zingenabungozi, kodwa zikhethwa njengenkqubo ehlukeneyo yokugula-ukuphulwa kokucinga. Iengqondo kunye neengqondo zijongene nale ngxaki ecaleni, kuba iimbono ezixabisekileyo ziyakulungiswa ngeendlela zengqondo kwiindlela zokuqala. Umntu onaloo ntsholongwane uye wagcina iimpawu zokucinga, kodwa enye okanye uluhlu lweengcamango ezivuselela amanyathelo alunamphumli. Uphethe isikhundla esiphambili phakathi kwazo zonke iingcamango engqondweni yakhe, ukuphazamisa umntu ngokomzwelo kwaye unamathele kwingqondo ixesha elide.

Ukudakalisa njengengxaki yokucinga

Kukwaphulwa ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yokucinga, kuba umntu unenkcenkceshela kunye neengcamango ezingahambisani neempawu zakhe, inyaniso, imithetho evunyelwe ngokubanzi . Isigulane sibajonga ukuba sichanekile, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba baqinisekise.