Ziziphi i sikali? Iintlobo, amagama ezikali. Ithebula leGamma

Umculo unempahla engaqondakaliyo kwisigqibo somntu oqhelekileyo. Iyakwazi ukuvuyisa, ukuphakamisa ukuziphatha, ukuzola okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, iholele ekuhlambulukeni. Lowo uthatha igarta ezandleni zakhe, uyazi ukuba izandi ezithakazelisayo ezivela kukutshatyalaliswa komtya, indlela abantu abaqala ngayo ukuzithengisa kwezi zandi. Kutheni uthenge izithethi eziphezulu okanye uhambe kwiikonkethi, kutheni umntu ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba abe nesandi esihle? Nabani na oye wagqiba ekubeni aqonde oku, okanye ngokukhawuleza athathe isixhobo somculo, kungekudala okanye kamva uyaqonda ukuba umculo unemithetho yakhe, amanqaku ayifakiwe njengoko uthanda, kodwa ngokuhambelana nomculo wokuqaphela, imigaqo yakha ukwakhiwa kwemilinganiselo. "Ziziphi izikali?" - uyabuza.

Imfundo yomculo

Umntu oza kwisikolo somculo ukuba afunde okanye ugqibe ukuqonda le ngqungquthela uqala ukujamelana namagama afana nesilinganiso, itoniki, ngemibuzo malunga nezikali, ithoni njalonjalo.

Ngomlinganiselo wonke into elula, kuyazwakala kakuhle. I-Tonic okanye i-tone ye-gamma yisona esona sandi. I-Gamma iyinqanaba ukusuka kwiitoniki ukuya kwiitoniki. Ukuze ukwenze kucacise, jonga izikhewu zepiyano, jonga indlela ezinye izitshixo ezimhlophe kunye ezimnyama ezinye. Ixesha lokuphindaphinda lotshintsho lombala luhlala kwiitshixo eziyisixhenxe ezimhlophe, kunye neyesibhozo ixesha elitsha liqala. Nantsi ikona yokugqibela kunye neyokugqibela kwi-gamut kwaye iya kuba yinto ekhohlisayo. I-flat flat, ekhangeleka njengophawu lwangaphandle , linciphisa isandi nge-semitone, kwaye libukhali, libukeka njenge-grill, landa ngesiqingatha.

Enye into ukufumana amanani. Kungenxa yokuba kumculo bavakaliswa ngesiLatini. I-Prima - enye, yesibini - yesibini, yesithathu-yesithathu, yesine-yesine, khumbula into ebizwa ngokuba yi "Quartet", malunga neemvumi ezine, ezihlanu, ezithandathu, ezisixhenxe, ezisixhenxe ezisixhenxe, uKlaudius Sextus okanye uJulius Septim, Oku kuthetha isithandathu kunye nesixhenxe ngokulandelanayo, i-octave-ezisibhozo.

Iintlobo zezikali

Ziziphi i sikali? Oku kukulandelelana kwezandi, ngoko ke ukuba unomculo wesixhobo kwizandla zakho, ungayidlala ngoku ngoku. Kwiintlobo eziphambili zeempawu eziphambili nezincinci. Kukho iinguqulelo zabo - i-harmonic kunye ne-melodic. Ezi ntlobo zesikali zisekelwe kumculo wethoni.

Izihlobo zezikali zihluke kakhulu, kukho imodeli, apha kunzima ukuyiqonda, kuba i-gamma kwimimori yomodare iyakwazi ukufumana izandi ezingaphezulu okanye ezingaphantsi kweentsuku ezisixhenxe. Kukhona izikali ze-pentatonic zandihlanu. Ingqwalasela ngokukodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe kwizikali ze-jazz: i-blues pentatonic, i-blues kunye ne-bebop enkulu kunye neyincinci, i-jazz encinci kunye neendidi ezixubileyo, i-gamma eyandisiweyo, ishintsho esiphezulu.

Abanye abantu beza ngamagama abo esikhaleni, xa bakholelwa ukuba bakhele into entsha, kodwa ngokwenene kunzima kakhulu ukuphuma kwimilinganiselo yomculo ukuba akunakwenzeka.

Gamming

Isilinganisi esikhulu sakhiwa kwisandi sokuqala njengezwi (W), ithoni (W), i-semitone (H), ithoni (W), ithoni (W), ithoni (W), i-semitone (H). Isilinganisi esikhulu esivela kwinqaku ukuya elula kunazo zonke, kuba ingenazo iinqaba kunye nesitrato. Isilinganiselo esincinane sisekelwe kwisandi sokuqala: ithoni (W), i-semitone (H), ithoni (W), ithoni (W), i-semitone (H), ithoni (W), ithoni (W). Kulo mncinci, uluhlu olulula kunabo bonke.

Kwi-harmonic enkulu isandi sesithandathu sitshitshiweyo, kwaye kwimiyalezo - isithandathu nesandi sixhenxe. Kwi-harmonic encinci, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuphakama kwesandi esixhenxe, kunye neyesandi-isandi sesithandathu nesesisixhenxe.

Masakhele zonke iindidi zezikali ukusuka kwinqaku ukuya kum, ukuqonda okungcono, amanqaku kunye neentlanzi kunye namaflethi akwizitshixo ezimnyama.

Isikhulu esikhulu: ngaphambi, re, mi, fa, ityuwa, la, si, ngaphambili.

Inqanaba elikhulu lamaHarmonic DO: ngaphambi, re, mi, fa, ityuwa, la b (isandi sesithandathu sithinyiweyo, isitshixo esimnyama), si, phezulu.

I-Melodic enkulu kwinqanaba DO: ngaphambi, re, mi, fa, ityuwa, LA (isithandathu sesithandathu sentsimbi, isitshixo esimnyama), iCI b (isandi sesixhenxe sanciphisa isandi, isitshixo esimnyama), ukuya kutsho.

Umncinci we-gamma INGXENYE: ngaphambi, re, mb (i-key key), fa, ityuwa, b (i-key key), c (iqhosha elimnyama), ukuya kutsho.

I-minor ye-harmonic gamma INGXENYE: ngaphambi, re, mb (i-key key), fa, ityuwa, la (i-key key), i (isandi esisixhenxe sesandi), ukuya kutsho.

I-gamor encinci ye-gamma INGXENYE: ngaphambi, kwakhona, mi b (isitshixo esimnyama), fa, ityuwa, la (ukwandiswa kwesandi sesithandathu), si (isandi esisixhenxe sesandi), ukuya kutsho.

Isikhulu esikhulu MI: mi, fa # (ukhiye omnyama), ityuwa # (ukhiye omnyama), la, si, ukuya ku # (ukhiye omnyama), # # (ukhiye omnyama), mi.

Isilinganisi esikhulu se-harmonic ngu-MI: mi, fa # (i-key key), ityuwa # (isitshixo esimnyama), la, si, ukuya kutsho (isandi esithandathu esiphantsi), ebukhali (ukhiye omnyama), mi.

Isikratshi esiphezulu sesandi si-MI: mi, fa # (i-key key), ityuwa # (isitshixo esimnyama), la, si, phezulu (isandi sesithandathu esiphantsi), kwakhona (isandi esisixhenxe esiphantsi), mi.

Umlinganiselo omncinane we-MI: mi, fa # (ukhiye omnyama), ityuwa, la, si, ngaphambi, kwakhona, mi.

I-minor ye-harmonic gamma MI: mi, fa # (i-key key), ityuwa, la, si, ngaphambili, # #.

I-gamor minor melodic MI: mi, fa #, ityuwa, la, si, ukuya kwi # # (ukwandiswa kwesandi sesithandathu), # # ukwanda kwengxolo yesixhenxe), mi.

Gammas kumculo

Ngokuqinisekileyo, uvile igama elithi gamma kwisicelo kungekhona kumculo kuphela. Oku kungaba uluhlu lweemvakalelo ngokuchaza iimvakalelo kunye neziganeko, okanye mhlawumbi umbala wemibala yokudala umfanekiso. Amanqaku eGamma kumculi, njengepalayini yomculi. Iminwe yakhe iqeqeshelwa ukudlala isixhobo somculo, sifunde ukuhamba phakathi kweetambo okanye izitshixo, isetyenziswe kwisandi. Xa ebhala imisebenzi, xa kungekho sixhobo somculo esiseduze, izandi zikhunjulwa yi-gamma. Unokwenza ngaphandle kwabo, kwaye umphumo ulungile. Kodwa kutheni unika isisombululo esilungileyo nesiqinisekisiweyo.

Nawaphi na itafile yezikali yintsimi yomculi, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukwazi imithetho, unokwakha i-gamut ngokwakho, kodwa ngephepha lokukopela kulula. Emva koko, ukuze ukwakhiwa kwexesha elifunekayo phakathi kwamanqaku, kwanele ukujonga i-gamma ye-tonic efanayo njengomsebenzi owenziwe, kwaye ushiye amanqaku afanelekileyo.

Ubugcisa beMculo

Ubugcisa bokudlala izixhobo zomculo sele buqokelelwa kwiminyaka. Okokuqala, isikolo somculo, ngoko ke umgcini we-conservatory, ngoko i-academy kunye nebalasethi badlale yonke indawo. Bayadlala ngokufudumala, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kweminwe. Le yimilo yomculo!

IMathematika kunye noMculo

Iingcali zanamhlanje ziye zafika kumculo ngokubhekiselele kwimbono. Umculo uthobela imithetho engabalwa. Kunzima ukwenza zonke izibalo entloko, kodwa emva kokubhala phantsi i-algorithm kwikhompyutha, umatshini wafundiswa ukuba abhale umculo. Bathi oko kuhamba kakubi kunemisebenzi yeeklasiki.

Kodwa umatshini ngumatshini. Ziziphi izikali zalo? Kuye, oku kuluhlu lwesandi, apho kuyimfuneko ukwenza ulandelelwano. Kumntu, le mibala echaza ngayo iimvakalelo. Nabani na umqambi ucinga umculo, unike umva wakhe ngokukhulisa, ukuxolelwa kunye nezinye izinto. Indalo yabo inegama elinjenge "Hlala kwi-Motherland", "i-Variety Artist", i-waltz "Birch", "Abadlali". Abaculi bachaza imicimbi kunye nezenzo esebenzisa ulwimi lomculo.

Iikhomputha ziye zafikelela kude kuphuhliso kwaye zingabhala umculo, kodwa zenziwe ngumntu!