Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich: ubugcisa, ubugcisa

Kubantu kukho uluvo lokuba uluntu luhlala phezu kwabantwana abadumileyo. Nangona kunjalo, unyana wengumqumi odumileyo waseRussia uDmitry Shostakovich Maxim wakwazi ukuphikisa ngokukodwa ezo mposiso ezingafanelekanga. Umdlali wepiyano kunye nomqhubi ovela kuThixo, waziwa kwihlabathi lonke ngenxa yetalente yakhe yomculo engenamdla kunye nomsebenzi oqhubekayo.

Ukuzalwa kunye nobomi bokuqala

UMaxim Shostakovich wazalelwa eLeningrad ngoMeyi 10, 1938. Uyise wayedumileyo ngumqambi waseSoviet Union uDmitri Shostakovich. Unina wale nkwenkwe ngu-astrophysicist Nina V. Varzar, owathi emva komtshato wakhe wenqaba ukwenza umsebenzi wezenzululwazi waza wazinikela kumyeni wakhe nabantwana bakhe. Ukongeza kuMaxim, intombi endala uGalina wakhula kunye nabafazi bakhe. Iminyaka yokuqala yobomi benkwenkwe yayigxininiswe yiMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic. Ukukhutshwa kweLeningrad Shostakovich kwadibana nomzi wakubo. Lapha uDmitry Dmitrievich wasebenza kwiSeventh Symphony yakhe edumileyo, eyasasazwa ngomsasazo kwi-Capital-captured capitalized Capital to the Soviet Union. Ngomnyaka we-1942, umqambi kunye nosapho lwakhe basuswa e-Kuibyshev (eSamara), kwaye emva konyaka i-Shostakovichi yathuthela eMoscow. Akwazanga ukubuyela eLeningrad.

Ubudlelwane kunye nomqambi-ntata

U-Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich wagcina ikumbulo ezimnandi zikayise. Wamchaza njengomntu onobulumko obungavamile kunye nobunkokheli. Umqambi nomfazi wakhe bakhulisa abantwana babo ngokomzekelo wabo, bafaka iimpawu ezilungileyo kubo. Omncinane uMaxim noGalina babengayazi ukuba yeyiphi isijeziso esingokomzimba. Ukuba benza into ephosakeleyo, ubaba wabanyanzelisa ukuba banike umyalelo obhaliweyo wokungenzi oku. Emva koko, abantwana babengazange bacinge nangendlela yokunyamezela okanye ukuthobela abazali babo.

Ukufa komama

Upapa wayemele uMaxim nodade wakhe abe negunya elingenakuphikiswa, kwaye unina wayengumgcini wekhaya, umcebisi onokuthenjwa othembekileyo. Ngelishwa, uNine Vasilievna akazange abe ngo-1954, xa unyana wakhe eneminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu. Ukufa komama kwakulahlekelwa ngumntu omncinane uMaxim, ongenakuwamkela ixesha elide. Kungekudala emva kokufa komfazi wakhe wokuqala, uDmitry Shostakovich umqeshwa weqabane elitshatileyo uMargarita Kainove. Umtshato naye akazange uhlale ixesha elide, kwaye ngo-1962, uMaxim wayenomama omtsha u-Irina Antonovna Supinskaya, obambe isikhundla somhleli wezindlu zokushicilela "Umculi weSoviet". Uyise wahlala naye de wafa ngowe-1975.

Isigqibo sokuba ngumqhubi

UDmitry Shostakovich ukususela kwintshukumo yakhe wathatha unyana wakhe ukuba ahlaziye kunye namaakhonsathi. Umsebenzi wePapa wavusa ukunyaniseka kwenene yenkwenkwe, kwaye yena, ekuthandeni nomculo ngayo yonke intliziyo yakhe, akazange acinge ukuba wayekho ngaphandle kwayo. Ngowe-1946, uMaxim weza ukuhlaziya i-symphony ye-8 yesithandabuzo kwaye wachukumiseka ngokugqithisileyo ngumqhubi we-Yevgeny Mravinsky. Emva koko, wagqiba kwelokuba wayeza kuqhuba.

Ukufunda esikolweni somculo kunye nokugcinwa kwempahla

UMaxim Dmitrievich ufumene imfundo ebalulekileyo. Ngaphantsi kolawulo luka-Helena Petrovna Hoven, wafunda upiyano kwisikolo somculo saseMoscow Conservatory. Umqhubi uyakhumbula umfundisi wakhe njengowesifazane owayesebenza ngobuqotho ubugcisa bomculo. Emva kokugqiba kwakhe, wangena kwi-pian faculty yaseMoscow Conservatory. Apha umfundi we-Shostakovich unyana kaYoseph Flier. Kwiimviwo zokungena emnyango we-conservatory le nsizwa yenza i-Concerto yesiBini yesiBili, eyenziwe nguyise owaziwayo. Ngomnyaka wesine, u-Shostakovich udluliselwe kwi-faculty. Apha ootitshala bakhe babe ngabaqhubi abadumileyo njengoNikolai Rabinovich, u-Alexander Gauk noGennady Rozhdestvensky.

Umsebenzi womqhubi kwi-USSR

Emva kokugqiba kwi-conservatory ngo-1963, uShostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich waba ngumncedisi kumqhubi oyintloko waseMoscow Symphony Orchestra uVerkaka Borisovna Dudarova. Wayehamba naye, wahamba lonke elaseSoviet Union kunye neendwendwe. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva umculi omncinci wayebhaliswe kwi-State Symphony Orchestra yase-USSR. Ukuba ngumncedisi kumqhubi omkhulu u-Evgeny Fedorovich Svetlanov, unyana womqambi waqala ukuhamba phesheya. Ngethuba lomsebenzi wakhe kwi-Orchestra yombuso wahamba lonke elaseYurophu, waya e-USA, eCanada, eMexico naseJapan.

Emva kokugqitywa kwekota, uSvetlanov Maxim Dmitrievich wamenywa ukuba asebenze kwiBolshoi Symphony Orchestra ye- All-Union Radio kunye neCentral Television. Emva koko, wamiselwa njengomqhubi oyintloko. Ngomnyaka we-1971, unyana ka Shostakovich uMaxim waba yinhloko yeSymphony Orchestra yeSebe leNkcubeko yeSoviet Union. Esi sikhundla sabanjwa ngumqhubi iminyaka eyi-10. Ngowe-1978, ukwenzela ukuphumelela okuphezulu kwintsimi yezobugcisa, wanikezelwa ngesihloko soMculi ohloniphekileyo we-RSFSR.

Ngomnyaka we-1979, uMaxim Shostakovich wenza intambo yakhe njengomqhubi we-opera. Ngaphantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, ii-operas eziliqela zazinyathelo, phakathi kwazo "uMary Macbeth waseMtsensk", "I-Nose", njl.

Ukufudukela eMelika

Nangona "imfazwe ebandayo" phakathi kwe-USSR kunye namazwe aseNtshona, uMaxim Shostakovich, ochazwe ngaye kweli nqaku, uye waphinda wathi kwilizwe lonke. Ukuqala kwakhe njengomqhubi ngaphandle kwelizwe kwenzeka ngowe-1968 kwi-capital yaseBrithani. Emva koko wenza kwiRoyal Festival Hall kunye ne-London Philharmonic Orchestra. Ngomnyaka kamva, uMaxim Dmitrievich noGosorkestr bahamba kwindwendwe enkulu eMerika.

Ukuhamba emazweni angxowankulu, unyana kaShokhoakovich wabona indlela i-Soviet power injustice eyayiphatha ngayo abaculi bayo. Ukunganeliseki ngobomi e-USSR banda naye minyaka yonke ngaphezulu nangaphezulu. Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1981 ngexesha lokutyelela i-FRG Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich wenza isigqibo esiqinileyo sokungabuyeli ekhaya. Ukuphunyuka kwakhe kwi-Union kwakuyinqaku lokubhikisha kwezopolitiko. Umqhubi uphupha ukudlala umculo omthandayo, kwaye akahambanga ngokulandela imiyalelo "evela phezulu." Iingcamango zokufuduka zaza zamtyelela ngaphambili, kodwa ngoxa uyise wayesephila, wayengenakukwazi ukuhamba naye. Emva kokufa kukaDmitry Dmitrievich ngo-1975, umnqweno wokuphuma kwi-USSR waba namandla ngakumbi. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqha okubangela zonke iindidi zobomi kweli lizwe kwakubonakala kuShovakakovich, unaphakade ongunaphakade. Wayefuna ukuba abantwana bakhe nabazukulwana bakhe bakhulele kwisikolo samahhala. Ngasekhohlo emva kokutyelela eJamani kunye nendodana yakhe uDmitry, umqhubi wasuka emva kwexesha e-United States. Iingcamango zokuba uza kuphinda azinye emhlabathini waseRussia, wayengenayo.

Umsebenzi wobugcisa ekufudukeni

Umsebenzi we-Shostakovich wokudala eNtshona awuphumelelanga ngaphantsi kwe-USSR. Ngowe-1983, waya eHong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra, eyalela iminyaka emibini. Ngo-1986-1991, uMaxim Dmitrievich wayengumqhubi oyintloko we-Philharmonic Orchestra yaseNew Orleans. Ukuhlala eUnited States, u-Shostakovich waqhubeka esebenza nzima kwaye athetha ngokunyanisekileyo. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yekonsathi, wayezibandakanya ekurekhodeni ii-symphonies zikayise kunye neekhonsathi zepiyano. Ngowe-1994, umqhubi okokuqala ngqa emva kokufudukela kwamanye amazwe kwafika eRashiya kunye neendwendwe. Nangona ifunwa lobuchwepheshe eNtshona, wayehlala ekulangazelela ekhaya. Ngo-1997, wabuyela eRashiya kunye nentsapho yakhe waza wahlala eSt. Petersburg.

Abafazi nabantwana bomqhubi

UMaxim Shostakovich wayenitshatile kabini. Into encinci iyaziwa malunga nomfazi wokuqala we-pianist kunye nomqhubi . Emtshatweni wakhe kunye naye ngo-1961, kwazalwa unyana, ohlonishwa nguyise omkhulu obizwa ngokuba nguDmitry. Emva kokufuduka kunye noyise e-USSR, wahlala ixesha elithile eUnited States, emva koko wathuthela eFransi. UDmitry Maksimovich uceba umculo we-elektroniki synthesizers.

Umfazi wamanje wase Shostakovich nguMarina. Kulo nyana unyana womqambi washada emva kokufudukela e-USA. Ngomtshato wakhe wesibini wayenabantwana ababini - intombi kaMaria kunye nendodana kaMaxim, oye wahamba ngendlela yokudala. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, bathatha inxaxheba kwimakhonsathi, bafunda ukudlala izixhobo zomculo.

UMaxim Shostakovich akakwazi ukukhalaza ngobomi bakhe. UmkaMarina waba ngumama wabantwana bakhe kuphela, kodwa naye unyanisekileyo, exhasa umlingane wakhe onetalente kuzo zonke izinto. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala umqhubi wammbona ngexesha lokuthetha kwakhe ngokuhlwa komculo kwiNdlu yeZiNyunyana. UMarina, owayesesikolweni, wayala indoda yakhe yangomso ukuba imnike iintlobo zeentyatyambo. Ukuqhelana kwabatshatileyo kwenzeka kamva. Inombolo ephakathi kukaMaxim Dmitrievich noMarina yaqala ngaphambi kokufuduka kwakhe eMelika. Babesele batshata e-States, apho intombazana yayilandela intanda yakhe. Apho eso sibini sine ntombi kunye nendodana.

Ubomi obudibeneyo kunye nomfazi wakhe wesibini

Ngoxa e-US, uMaxim no-Marina Shostakovich ba tyelela iicawa zama-orthodox kunye neendwendwe. Indawo ababeyithandayo yayiyonto encinane yaseSt. Nicholas, eyakhiwe yimigudu ye-aircraft designer Igor Sikorsky. Isigqibo sokubuyela eRashiya senziwe yeso sibini emva kokuba abantwana baqala ukukhula. Bafuna ukuba abantwana babo bakhulele kwimimandla yaseRussia kwaye bakhuliswe kwizithethe zamaOthodoki. Nangona ukuba umqhubi nomkakhe bahlala eMoscow ngaphambi kokuba bathuthele e-States, emva kokuba babuyele ezweni labo, bahlala eSt. Petersburg, kwisixeko apho uMaxim Shostakovich wazalelwa khona. Intsapho yomqhubi ihlala kwindawo ephakathi kweso sixeko esineqhosha kwi-Neva. U-Shostakovich ubuyela kumculo, kwaye uMarina wenza imisebenzi yezenhlalakahle. Ngombulelo kwimigudu yakhe, isikolo savulwa eSontweni leSt. Catherine eSt. Petersburg, apho abantwana, ngaphezu kwezifundo ezisisiseko, bafundiswa umculo, ukudweba nokudansa. Unyana nentombi kaShokhoakovich yaba ngumnye wabafundi bakhe bokuqala. Kamva, esi sibini saqala ukwakha isikhungo semfundo ePavlovsk.

Buyela ekuqhubeni eRashiya

Emva kokuhlaliswa kwinqununu yaseMntla, uMaxim Shostakovich waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa. Umculo uyaqhubeka uhlala kwindawo ephambili ebomini bakhe. Umqhubi waqala ukusebenza kunye namaqumrhu eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg nakwezinye iidolophu zaseRashiya. Ukongezelela, wabuyela kwiirekhodi zemisebenzi waza waqalisa ukutyelela ityelelo. Ngokutsho kuMaxim Shostakovich, umculo unika uvakalelwa kukuba uyise usekho kufuphi naye kwaye uyavuya ngempumelelo yakhe.