Yomqolo eyayimenza - ntoni na? ukungaphili ebuhlungu engapheliyo spinal

Malformation yomqolo, leyo enokuthi sikhatshwe ukuphazamiseka ze umnqonqo, - Spina bifida. Yintoni na, apho kuvela iimeko, ukuba abathile yokuphazamiseka umzimba leswikulu - iimpendulo zale mibuzo iza kufunyanwa kwinqaku lethu. Noko ke, ngokuba ukuqonda umfanekiso kwezonyango sifo kubalulekile ukuqonda ingqikelelo-luvo ephakathi kwabantu, isakhiwo yokwakheka yomqolo kunye nemisebenzi umnqonqo.

Ingcamango kwenkqubo luvo

luvo Central - kwindawo engundoqo ye-nervous system yabantu. It bubonakaliswe ingqondo spinal ntambo kwaye wenziwa luvo kunye neenkqubo zabo. CNS yabunjwa izigaba ezithathu: a elisezantsi, eliphakathi kunye nangaphezulu. Kuba asezantsi nalawo aphakathi zezona umnqonqo, lo Oblongata Medulla, ke ephakathi, lo ephakathi kunye kwiCerebellum. La macandelo elawula umsebenzi wamalungu ngamnye, ukuseka therebetween uqhagamshelwano, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka eziphilayo ezisebenzayo. Higher CNS bahlukana zimelwe zifaka palsy onemfundo inika intsebenziswano kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Eyona umsebenzi inkqubo luvo - ukuphunyezwa reactions ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo - ingqondo. Inkqubo luvo senziwa kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ngenxa yokuba yokumiswa okukhethekile - ectoderm. Ukuba ukwahlulwa ephosakeleyo kunye nophuhliso kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kuvela umbhobho isiphako umbefu, nto leyo kamva kukhokelela kuphuhliso ezimbi lialio.

I-Spinal Cord - nervous system ilungu ibekwe emjelweni spinal. umda eziqingqiweyo phakathi umnqonqo kwaye nobuchopho endaweni interleaving imicu pyramidal. Intloko kunye umnqonqo zihlobene kwimvulophu, eliquka ngeengcamba ezintathu: a eqinileyo, yesigcawu imithambo. Ukusuka ukonakala kwengqondo yangaphandle uyabakhusela lukakayi, umnqonqo - kwalapho.

Ubume kumhlathi vertebral

Spine - isiseko ngamathambo omntu ibandakanya omqolo, phakathi kuyo kwi diski intervertebral - umaleko intlala. Osebenzayo, i drives zinika nezimo lomqolo. 33-34 ngendlela vertebra yabantu, phantsi kwemiqathango ethile idityaniswe yangamacandelo: wesibeleko, thoracic, empontshwa, sacral, coccyx.

vertebra nganye arc umzimba kunye neenkqubo kwakhiwa. Umzimba kunye arc zenza iinkqubo ezinomqolo lokuvula elidityaniswe omqolo kunye nabanye kwaye enze umsebenzi uncamathiselo izihlunu. Xa umzimba womntu usempilweni imingxuma omqolo bahlanganisane ukuze ichibi enye vertebral, leyo, enyanisweni, linxiwa indawo umnqonqo. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko zophendlo lwezifo apho kukho umsantsa kwi ithambo - ". Yomqolo eyayimenza" le nto kuthiwa

Umnqonqo inika unxibelelwano yobuchopho nenkqubo peripheral luvo. channel Central - umngxuma phakathi umnqonqo. umnqonqo, ngokunjalo nentloko, kukho inwebu umaleko emithathu phakathi maleko equlethe cerebrospinal fluid. Ithambo amathambo kunye iqokobhe olungaphandle umnqonqo ukwakha phakathi kwabo isithuba ebulewe ezaliswe ngamanqatha inyama kunye mesh lwemithambo.

Yomqolo bifida: ntoni na?

Yomqolo eyayimenza - eli ukonakala yomqolo (yomqolo bifida), adla mandundu yi emoyeni - hypoplasia ze umnqonqo. Le isiphene uqalisa ukuzibonakalisa kwi zigaba zokuqala zokukhulelwa kunye kwaphula ekubunjweni uvaleke. Le uvaleke - ubume leyo zigaba kamva yokukhulelwa umbungu kwasekwa inkqubo luvo - ingqondo umnqonqo. amabali ezininzi kwizigulane kunye nezifo Spina bifida ukunika isizathu lokuhlela iintlobo ezithile leengxaki kwi ngokungqinelana nobukhali malformations:

• Iifom ngokwemibandela enomoya: efukamileyo Spina bifida, meningocele, lipomeningotsele;
• Inzima myelomeningocele; myelomeningocele, hydrocephalus esintsonkothileyo.

Yomqolo eyayimenza ibanjiwe ngexesha umfanekiso livakale Imagnethi okanye nejrosonografii.

Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba kukho isifo kwiintsana 1-2 ngo 1000. Le ngezifo na yemfuza, ngenxa yokuba ukuya kwi-8% yabo yokuzalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kosuku kwafunyaniswa Spina bifida. Oogqirha bathi kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeka abantwana abazelwe kwabasetyhini abaminyaka. Noko ke,-95% abantwana ndinespina bifida kwesifo kuvela abazali enempilo abaguli kokugula efanayo.

iintlobo mnene Spina bifida

Hidden Spina bifida (occulta) - eyona ndlela ngobulali esi sifo, kuba apho kukho nokungaphuhli, isikhewu encinane amathambo. Kaninzi kwenzeka empontshwa okanye umqolo sacral. Le ngezifo igquma kuphela ijwabu bone umnqonqo kwaye aluchaphazeli isakhiwo spinal. Esi sifo ephakathi ngendlela, kwaye ke kaninzi ukuzibonakalisa ziimpawu ukuze kumphazamisa umntu. Izigulane ezininzi nesi sifo kwaye abanalwazi izifo zabo. iimpawu abangaboni ephawuleka wezifo kule kuzalwa kuba iqela iinwele, ngokuqhelekileyo amancinci; bag fat; ekudakumbeni okanye birthmark endaweni ngezifo.

Kuphela nje iimeko ezimbalwa (1 ngaphandle amatyala 1,000 luhlobo wazenza mntu wumbi of Spina bifida) ukungaqheleki kukhokelela uqhushululu ezisebenzayo kwi womchamo, kwesisu, izihlunu ubuthakathaka nemilenze, ukuba ugobile lomqolo. inani ethile amathambo lomqolo lidla kubonisiwe kwingxelo yezonyango yesigulane, apho kwakukho ngezifo. Umzekelo, i-entry "Spina bifida ngomva S1" ibonisa iingxaki yokuqala vertebra sacral umqolo.

Meningocele - uhlobo yomqolo bifida, apho ukongezelela angakwazi lomongo wethambo esingxobeni Ukuzikhusela isebenze njenge kwexeshana okanye njengezingxobo ngokusebenzisa slot ekhoyo. Amaxesha amaninzi, iinkqubo intambo nemithambo spinal ngaphandle ezimbi okanye iziphene kancinane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi philisi igutyungelwe solusu, apho ngokuqhelekileyo likhusela okubhalwe kulo. Noko ke, le siphene obuncinci kufuna unyango ngotyando ukulungisa iziphene izithambiso.

Lipomeningotsele

Lipomeningotsele - uhlobo lwe Spina bifida, egqalwa ngezifo ngomlinganiselo. Xa amayeza, nokuhluthwa lichazwa njenge ngokuncedisana kwasekwa hernias lomqolo kunye lipomas - nangezilonda ebubonisayo. Le ukuphazamiseka zemithambo ityhubhu Ukwakheka kwenzeka ebudeni beentsuku zokuqala-20 zokukhulelwa. Lipomeningotsele ozalwe ezinokubangela uphuhliso ezimbi luvo kwaye ikhokelela kwezifo kwenkqubo genitourinary, amathumbu - izicwili adipose usebenzisa uxinzelelo umnqonqo. Njengoko imbali izigulane kunye nezifo lipomeningotsele, ukuba imiqathango yahlulwe kumaqela amane ukwenza izinto zophendlo lwezifo esi sifo:

• ngaphandle zizigulo zemithambo, zangasese kunye wamathambo;
• paresis mnene imilenze, iinyawo deformation;
• kakhulu kakuhle umsebenzi weenjini, ugobile yomqolo, ukuphazamiseka floor zangasese;
• sengozini ngethambo, kakhulu ngezifo zangasese.

Ngoko ke, lo kuphela kunye nyango lungcono esi sifo ithathwa ngokukhawuleza ekuqaleni yokungenelela yotyando. Ngokubambisana utyando ukuze ususe iingxowa amanqatha ingaqhuba esangweni Ithemba zeplastiki.

Myelomeningocele - i kakhulu lwe Spina bifida

Ifom ngokuqatha sifo, okwenzeka-75% yazo zonke iimeko angakwazi amathambo - myelomeningocele (Cystica ndinespina bifida). Yintoni na? Encephalocele - element ngentambo kuphuma nge unesiphene kwalapho. Ngamanye amaxesha philisi umnqonqo likhuselwe eluswini, kwezinye iimeko, izicwili ingqondo kunye ehluma luvo ephuma. Kule fomu wezifo ukuphazamiseka engaphephekiyo-luvo. The degree of onokugula okunjalo kuya kumiselwa ubungqongqo isiphene umnqonqo kunye nesabelo spinal, apho le ukuhlukunyezwa. Ukuba sifo sichaphazela ekupheleni umnqonqo, iingxaki ezichaphazela inkqubo genitourinary namathumbu, yalityatya ngokwamathambo ukukhubazeka asezantsi kwenzeka.

Amaxesha amaninzi, hernias spinal kwenzeka kwalapho lumbosacral. iimeko xa ngezifo nesifo kwinqanaba yomqolo thoracic okanye wesibeleko, Noko ke, nazo xa yezonyango. Ngelishwa, ityhubhu siphene uvaleke soloko ilandelwa yi omnye umthetho - hydrocephalus okanye Chiari anomaly ebangelwa waphulo ukuyilwa nemingxuma ngaphakathi utywala ukakayi.

Hydrocephalus and Chiari anomaly

Hydrocephalus (amanzi phezu ubuchopho) - a ngezifo evela ukuqokelelana kolwelo fluid kwi ventricles ingqondo. fluid fluid - kotywala - ziqhubela kuthunyelwa kule nkqubo ventricular.

Umthamo efunekayo ulwelo fluid apha ungaqwalasela ulwimi ngeendlela ezimbini:

• iiseli glandular zavelisa imithambo ventricles ingqondo;
• propotevanie wabumba ngenxa plasma yegazi eludongeni nemithambo.

ulwelo fluid atyhutyhela ukusuka ventricles engqondweni nesithuba spinal subarachnoid zobuchopho. izithuba utywala Intracranial spinal ngendlela umzimba usempilweni ezihlangeneyo. Xa empontshwa herniated, kwasekwa ukunxibelelana hydrocephalus. zemali kukhokelela fluid nokwanda uxinzelelo intracranial, nto leyo ekhokelela umbono ekuhleni, kukuvela sokuwa, strabismus, ubuthathaka izihlunu kweqondo eliphezulu nengasezantsi. ukuphazamiseka ezinjalo nesiphumo ukuphazamiseka kakhulu-luvo, ukungabi ubuchule yengqondo, ukufa.

Anomaly Arnold Chiari - a ngezifo apho Amygdala ngembobo ukuya kwinqanaba amathambo yokuqala neyesibini wesibeleko, ngaloo ndlela uvimba Ukubolekisa ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal.

unyango zoqhaqho myelomeningocele

Ingozi enkulu ukuba ubomi usana kunye myelomeningocele umsantsa Ithemba sac kunye nosulelo ukufumana ngaphakathi okubhalwe kulo. iingxaki ezisulelayo, decompensation hydrocephalus - oyena nobangela yokufa kweentsana, kwafunyaniswa ukuba Spina bifida. liquorrhea kanye kubonakele - kuba ulwelo fluid - yenziwa uqhaqho olungxamisekileyo ukususa Ithemba spinal.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndlela ilungileyo ukuphelisa ezi ezimbi iye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kulo lonke ihlabathi, oko ukuba sifeze nokususwa siswini ngenxa Ithemba spinal. Uthe uhlobo yokungenelela ngotyando ithintela uphuhliso hydrocephalus kunye Chiari anomaly kwizigulane abatsha; ukuphepha iingxaki ezinzulu kwaye ezisongela ubomi, ngokunjalo uqhaqho bypass elandelayo. Ukuphululwa ngasentla ukunika amathuba yeentsana ukuba kwinqanaba eqhelekileyo yophuhliso kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Ukuba utyando ngexesha ezingekazalwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile nto yenziwa, babhenela shunt utyando, leyo normalizes isixa ulwelo fluid. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Spine Clinic - iziko lonyango ekugxilwe exineneyo, apho ngokuqhelekileyo kunceda ukusombulula ezininzi iingxaki ezinxulumene ezimbi lialio.

ekuxilongweni

Xa yesilungu, Spina bifida banesifo xa nisaqala yokukhulelwa. Ngoko ke, abazali kutshata kufuneka ixesha loxilongo kunye nolwazi nokulungiselela ngokwengqondo ekubelekeni kunye iimpawu. Kwelinye icala, nabo babe ixesha kunye nethuba lokuba isigqibo kwi non-zolondolozo olungekazalwa.

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa (iiveki 16-18), oomama abakhulelweyo eve iimvavanyo zokuhlola, ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lwegazi. Le ndlela iqulathe ekutshekisheni uyondelelwano lwee- okuneproteni osandul, nto ezo ngexesha eqhelekileyo ukukhulelwa isiqhamo imali encinane. Xa ubukho central nervous system eligqibeleleyo AFP ingqalelo ukwanda. Kukho iimpawu ovavanyo. Ngenxa kunokwenzeka ukuba iimpazamo xa zitolika iziphumo zohlalutyo kunokwenzeka kufuneka ilandelwe ngenyameko eminye imithetho;

• ukuseka ukukhulelwa echanekileyo;
• xa ekhulelwe ophum 'izandla, kufuneka Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba.

Enye indlela uphethwe yi ultrasound siswini kuqhutywa kwi zigaba ezithile zokukhulelwa, bakwazi ukubona ngezifo. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba nomfanekiso ingqondo, umnqonqo, ikholam vertebral kunye isifo ngendlela ngexesha. Noko ke, simele sikhumbule ukuba ziziphene ezincinane (ezifihliweyo Spina bifida) ukungaqheleki ayikwazi ukuba andibhaqwa.

Amniocentesis - kwenzakalani fluid - enye indlela kokuxilongwa. Isebenza nge inaliti ezinkulu ngqongqo kuphela phantsi kolawulo ultrasound. Le ndlela iyasetyenziswa xa Uhlalutyo yegazi watyhila xi elingaphaya AFP, kwaye uxilongo cuke of ezimbi hayi ezichongiweyo. Ulwelo njengegazi, avavanyelwe okuneproteni yoxinaniso oludala, agqithisile leyo ibonisa ubukho yokuphazamiseka kuphuhliso kwikholam spinal.

ukuvimbela

Kakade ke, akukho namnye ingcali kwezonyango onokuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imigqalisela eyimfuneko kunye nokungabikho ubungozi ezaziwayo-kakuhle abazali sezinto azalwe umntwana onempilo. Ngelishwa, ngamanye amaxesha uhlobo Uchitha ngenye indlela kunokuba ithathela kuyo umntu. Kodwa ke amandla oomama elizayo nootata ukuba benze ubuninzi ukwenzela ukunciphisa imingcipheko ukuba ubuncinane nokunciphisa amathuba okufumana umntwana Spina bifida ngezifo phantse zero. Sithetha amanyathelo othintelo.

Enye yeendlela eziphambili ukunqanda ukuvela isifo kuzalwa "yomqolo eyayimenza" uhlela ngenyameko ukuba ukhulelwe. Ukuze wenze oku, ongase unina noyise phambi sizalwa kuyimfuneko ukuba bapase axilongwe inyanzelekile ukuya ukuba ezingxoxo imizila yemfuza. Umfazi xa ukhulelwe kuyimfuneko ukuba baphile ubomi obusempilweni, ukuba ziqaphele zokufumana anticonvulsants. Kodwa folic acid kangangoko kuyimfuneko, phezu koko, siboniswa kweli xesha. Kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo, le yeyona ngongoma ingundoqo nkqubo kuphakanyisiwe lokukhulelwa Health Organization.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba imiba yesifo zizinto esinazo genetic; Izifo ngabafazi ngethuba lokukhulelwa, ezifana rubella; ifuthe kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle - radiation, utywala, iziyobisi.

The main theses

Ngoko ke, ekuphenduleni lo «umbuzo Spina bifida -? Yintoni na le nto", ungakhetha iingongoma eziphambili. Yomqolo eyayimenza - a leengxaki okwenzeka Esibelekweni, kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Indlela kuphela siphephe sifo umntwana - liceba ukukhulelwa, ukuzalisekisa zonke iimfuno eziyimfuneko oogqirha, umama okhulelweyo ukuba baphile ubomi obusempilweni, ukuba enze yokunqongophala folic acid emzimbeni.

Ukuba ngezifo nangoku kufunyanwa, ukunikezelwa senziwa kuphela Uqhaqho ukunqanda ukulimala umnqonqo ngexesha sicatshulwa yosana olungekazalwa ngenxa emjelweni lokuzalwa.

Ukufumanisa isifo, kukho iindlela ngeendlela - test igazi, uxilongo ultrasound, amniocentesis. Noko ke, ukuba, nokuhluthwa eyafunyanwayo kunye ne uxilongo yenziwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba enze uqhaqho.

indlela Innovative - ke ukususwa leengxaki intrauterine. Kwakhona wenziwe utyando emva kokuzalwa kosana - kwiintsuku zokuqala ezintathu yobomi bakhe. Hi ndlela leyi, kurhanelwa kwi Spina bifida kuzalwa kunokubangela: Ithemba spinal, azalwa okanye misinga kwesinye kwezahlulo eluswini, engaqhelekanga Bun iinwele. Kakade ke, uxilongo lokugqibela wenziwa emva kwezifundo - CT, MRI.

Kuxhomekeka kummandla ochaphazelekayo spinal na emzimbeni, kwakunye nezigulo ezinxulumene esebenza, esi sifo ihlelwa ukukhanya neefom enzima.

Iifom Mild Spina bifida ngokuqhelekileyo musa kunokubangela iziphene ezinkulu, izigulane lo unesifo entlalweni etshintshwe apha. Kwimeko ukukhubazeka ezinzima - meningomyelocoele - uphambuke ezintethweni ukukhubazeka ayikwazi, kwanokuba utyando lube yimpumelelo.

Spine Clinic - uhlobo uncedo lwezempilo, nto leyo ezizodwa kwiinkonzo zempilo ukuba ezinonophela izigulana kunye nokuphazamiseka amalungu CNS. Ngoko ke, lokufunyaniswa Spina bifida - ayikho isivakalisi. Unako ukuba baphile.