Yomhlaba wezoLimo - ngumthombo qhinga karhulumente

imihlaba emikhulu yezolimo (SKHN) asisiseko ekuveliseni ukutya okusisiseko, ukondla izilwanyana kunye izinto kushishino ezithile. Ngenxa yokuba umise ulawulo elikhethekileyo ukusetyenziswa, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuphuculwa wenzala, ngokunjalo ekuthinteleni zokurhoxa kwabo ejikeleza.

Types SKHN umhlaba

Mthetho kwi Code Kwilizwe Russian Federation kunye noMthetho Federal "On kwiNtengiselwano komhlaba Agricultural" № 101-FZ sokunikela yinxalenye yale mimandla ezilungiselelwe ezolimo, ezi ndidi zilandelayo komhlaba:

1. komhlaba wezoLimo - ilizwe yexabiso eliphezulu, kunye ephambili ukuba urhulumente nangokuxhomekeke nokhuselo olukhethekileyo. Bona ziyindlela ekuveliseni ukutya okusisiseko. Ukongezelela koko, njengenxalenye yale mimandla ayikhuphi iindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye nemveliso, nezinika ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo.

2. Non-zolimo (okhonzayo e) umhlaba - umhlaba phezu kuzo izinto (yendalo neyenziweyo) ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, kwaye umxholo yelizwe elo ngeenxa zonke.

Ngako oko, SKHN izahlulo lingenakumbi okanye ezintsonkothileyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, zenziwe elinye uhlobo iindawo, nto leyo inokuba alinganayo okanye non-uniform umgangatho nokusetyenziswa. Elukhuni, yena, iqanjwa zombini zezolimo kunye 'ngokukhonza' umhlaba ipesenti eyahlukileyo.

Ngokutsho kwe Fund yoMhlaba kaZwelonke, indawo umhlaba wezolimo eRashiya million 195,6 eehektare, kwaye ndawo ukuba ngenkonzo umhlaba SKHN - million 207,6 hectares.

Ingcamango komhlaba wezolimo

Ngokutsho "List of Land kunye nesigama accounting," ezivunyiweyo yi-Ministry of Agriculture umzi USSR 21.07.1970, umhlaba wezolimo - eli lizwe asetyenziselwa ezolimo, njengendlela ephambili kwimveliso: umhlaba olimekayo, namanqa, izityalo ingaphelelwayo (ngaphandle Ihlathi), amathafa engca kunye namadlelo (akukho deer). Bona ke iindlela zemveliso kunye non-uniform kubume bayo, umgangatho, kunye nezikwere.

Eli gama libonisa iimpawu ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kummandla ngenxa yayo yendalo (umhlaba, isiqabu) kunye ubukho kuyo kwezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuqhuba iintlobo ezithile zemisebenzi. Ukusebenzisa eli gama, ukucacisa ulawulo ngokwasemthethweni kwiziza ezithile.

Isakhiwo namazwe SKHN

In Art. 79 LC RF Isakhiwo ichazwe ngokucacileyo umhlaba wezolimo (olimekayo, hay, emadlelweni, izityalo ingaphelelwayo). Xa inani umthetho 104 ka Federal Statistics State Service 20.12.2007 (umhlathi 41) kunye nenombolo 95 ukusuka 30.11.2005 (isiqendu 12.5-12.1 1) Ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo zaye zenziwa:

1. Plowland - a yokulima, nto leyo ngokucwangcisiweyo luyasetyenzwa akunakusetyenziswa phantsi nezityalo zokutya, Njengokuba kwakunye kukubekwa zokugcina (hothouses, zokugcina) kunye isibini (okuziinkozo, imifuno, izityalo ioli, ingca ongatshiyo njalo njalo.). Le yokugqibela ziquka:

• Net (black) - Indawo kulinywa ekwindla kunyaka ophelileyo izityalo zasebusika kulo nyaka.
• Kang - iindawo apho vysokostebelkovye ukuhlwayela izityalo ukuze nokuvalelwa kwekhephu ebusika kunye ukulwa ukhukhuliseko lomhlaba.
• Green umgquba - indawo kuhlwayelwe iimbotyi, nto leyo eya kuthi ngakumbi hlulwa libe umgquba oluhlaza.

2. Haymaking - umhlaba yezolimo, zisetyenziswa ngendlela ngenxa haymaking (zengca ezidla engenanto).

3. Grazing - inkalo apho udla rhoqo (idlelo) izilwanyana.

4. Perennials - emhlabeni ahlala Ukutyala enziweyo of kwamatyholo, imithi yeziqhamo kunye imifuno, eyenzelwe ukuba bavelise isivuno iziqhamo, namaqunube, imifuno kunye neemveliso zobugcisa.

Ukuziqhelisa, ukwahlula ezi ntlobo zomhlaba lifusi. Lo mhlaba wezolimo ezazisetyenziselwa umhlaba olimekayo kodwa hayi ingqolowa okuseleyo 1 konyaka kwaye hayi zilungiselelwe phantsi par.

Amaxesha amaninzi isindululo ukwenza uluhlu lwe ingcamango "kumazwe lingavumi" - ndawo SKHN angakulungeli zolimo okanye efuna recovery yesiqhelo (saline, ilukhothayo ityuwa, layitshabalalisa, umhlaba elulwalwa, njl ..). Yaye indawo umhlaba wezolimo kwenziwa engenamsebenzi ngenxa yeemeko zendalo (ukhukhuliseko, landslides, zokuxinana kwamanzi njl), izenzo zabantu (ngokugqithisileyo) okanye iintlekele ezenziwe ngabantu.

Concept kunye neentlobo komhlaba non-wezolimo

umhlaba Non-yezolimo - eli lizwe, komhlaba elisekelwe (isiseko) yokuhlala kweendawo ezithile ezolimo (iindawo inkonzo, ukhuselo njalo njalo.).

Iindlela olu hlobo lwamabala adweliswe Art. 77 LC RF. Olu luhlu luquka:

1. Lands yelungu imithi namatyholo, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela belizwe iziganeko ezibi. Ngelo lokulima xesha azisebenzi kwizixhobo ehlathini kwaye ephethwe ngokupheleleyo ngumnini, ngubani na ukulahla kubo ngokokubona kwayo (ahlabayo). Ngokutsho kwe Fund yoMhlaba kaZwelonke, indawo kunye nomhlaba kunye enemithi ityholwana lokulima uhlobo akhuselayo 19 million hectares.

2. Umhlaba ibekwe phezu zinokuvalwa amachibi. By the yokugqibela senzelwa amachibi, imigxobhozo (hayi Umgxobhozo) kunye nomsebenzi wankcenkcesha, othe h. 2 tbsp. 8 of Code Amanzi Russian Federation, nje kwipropathi karhulumente. Njengoko ka 2016 ummandla womhlaba phantsi imizimba ivaliwe amanzi 13 million hectares.

3. Umhlaba, ezibandakanya iindlela zangaphakathi kunye nonxibelelwano ezolimo (iinkqubo ukubangwa, iityhubhu zonkcenkceshelo, njl ..). Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba phantsi iindlela athetha iindlela ezilalini (engagunyaziswanga, samonakatannye) trails Imizila, musa andingowawo Russian Federation, kwingingqi okanye umasipala. Umhlaba lweendlela lonke iRussia abahlala kwindawo million 2.3 hectares.

4. iziza nezakhiwo kunye nezibonelelo ezisetyenziswa processing (zaseprayimari), imveliso kunye nokugcinwa iimveliso zolimo (bayisile ematyeni, izitora, kunye nezinye ngemoto zobisi.).

umhlaba Non-kwezolimo into edityanisiweyo, apho umhlaba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, kwaye iindidi zezinto - nezincedisi.

umhlaba wezolimo libe yinto

Amaninzi komhlaba mthetho ibonwa njengento ezimeleyo amalungelo obunini, okanye isetyenziselwa-ntonye kwipropati. Ngokomzekelo, Art. 58 Umhlaba Code of the Russian Federation uthetha emasimini, emadlelweni adle, abakulo impahla abemi okanye imibutho, kwaye Sec. 2, Art. 4 lomThetho № 101-FZ "phantsi" endaweni ingqikelelo "umhlaba".

Noko ke, le endaweni luphawu engalunganga kwaye yingozi kwiindawo ukubalwa SKHN manani zomhlaba eRashiya kunye nokuzimisela yesakhiwo. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba "umhlaba" ayikho imida ngamnye kwaye engafakwanga cadastre karhulumente njengento ezimeleyo. Xa ingeniso civil (intengiso, irenti, njalo njalo). Oku inxaxheba kuphela kwindawo ethile.

Izithintelo kwiindawo ejikeleza yoluntu SKHN

amacebo Ingeniso SKHN olwenziwe ngokwemiqathango yomthetho yoluntu umhlaba yaye athathele ingqalelo umda ezikhoyo. Le yokugqibela ibhekisa isalelo esekwe yi-PPA okanye iimeko kuphela abanamalungelo kwinkqubo lobunini okanye Isimo SKHN komhlaba.

№ Federal Umthetho 101-FZ libonelela milinganiselo ilandelayo:

1. Ukuthintelwa basemzini (abantu, iinkampani kwenxaxheba yangaphandle ngaphezu kwe-50%) ukuba bafumane umhlaba wezolimo. Kulo mzekelo, irenti ilizwe hi mpimo mda ayikwazi kuthintelwe.

2. Ukungakwazi ukutshintsha khona ekujoliswe ngaphandle kwezizathu ezimiselwe ngumthetho. Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba wezolimo ngaphandle ngenjongo yokuqhuba imisebenzi efanelekileyo akuvumelekanga.

3. Ukusekwa SKHN ubungakanani Imida umhlaba ongahle ziphethwe ngumntu omnye okanye umbutho. Iimpawu ezithile azimisele kwinqanaba lommandla ukusukela kuma-10% ukuya kwi-90% yomhlaba wonke umhlaba kumasipala ethile.

4. Ilungelo ephambili kunye umbandela kwisithili solawulo yenxuwa SKHN lokuthenga kwimeko yentengiso yayo.

Izithintelo ejikeleza ngenxa yokuba iindawo lezolimo Kukho izinto qhinga, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya kweli lizwe. Imiqobo ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo mhlaba ngumthetho phantse onke amazwe, kwaye eRashiya abasakwazi ithambile. Umzekelo, eDenmark umbutho akanalo ilungelo lokuba athenge okanye ukuqesha umhlaba, kunye abathengi zobuso kwaye emzimbeni kufuneka ukuba waphila iminyaka ubuncinane 8 kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni.