Yintoni okukwazi? sifo isegazini, imiba okukwazi, wafaka

Xa into angaphandle kwi umzimba ukukhusela impilo yabantu ufumana nezifo. Vula kuphuhliswa njani, oko kuxhomekeke ingozi yokusuleleka zizifo ezosulelayo ngayo. Ngoko ke, lo ngumsebenzi - oku ukukwazi komzimba ukuxhathisa Ukuhlasela ezingaqhelekanga.

Amajoni omzimba kukuba ngokusebenzisana ngokusondeleleneyo kunye nezinye iinkqubo emzimbeni womntu. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ifumaneke kuye izifo luvo okanye ezidalwe ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo sifo, kwaye sifo ephantsi, ke, umzimba yonke bube nako.

Wachaza ukhuselo umzimba wahlulwe ezimbini iintlobo: okukwazi azalwa nayo. Ngaphezu koko, siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu zazo neendlela amanyathelo.

Isegazini host ukuziphendulela

Umntu ngamnye ozalwa iimpawu zayo zokhuseleko, eyenza le amajoni omzimba. okukwazi isegazini into njengelifa kwaye ikhapha ubomi babantu.

Ekuzalweni, usana kwasesizalweni engenazintsholongwane ongenela kwihlabathi elitsha kuye, apho ungaqalisa ukuhlasela Cya ngaphezulu kwaye akukho lula nga ngokunzulu kwenzakalisa impilo wosana olo. Kodwa ke bengaguli kwangoko. Oku nje okwenzeka yokuba xa kuqwalaselwa iintsholongwane ezinjalo ukunceda umzimba ukuba usana sifo zendalo simazi.

emzimbeni ngalinye ekulweni ukhuseleko lwabo lwangaphakathi. inkqubo kokuzalwa omzimba omelele ngokwaneleyo, kodwa kuxhomekeke ufuzo ngamnye.

Formation zokhuselo lomzimba

okukwazi sokwazi iqala lasungulwa xa umntwana esibelekweni. Kakade ukusuka kwinyanga yesibini ukukhulelwa kubeka amasuntswana, nto leyo eya kuba noxanduva ukhuseleko lomntwana. Bona akhutshwa iiseli isiqu, uze kweyela udakada. It ziiphagocytes - iiseli sifo ngokwemvelo. Zisebenza ngabanye kwaye clones. umsebenzi yabo esisiseko ufuna izinto ezikhohlakeleyo emzimbeni (ezisegazini) kunye lwaze kubo.

inkqubo uthe kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezithile phagocytosis:

1. Phagocyte ihambisa ukuya iantigens.
2. Okuqhotyoshelwe kuyo.
3. Lasebenza ndizayo phagocyte.
4. Kwisuntswana kusenokuqhutywa shi ebuhlanti, kunye kungqameko inwebu zivaliwe phezu kwayo, okanye ibunjiwe pseudopodia, inwenwa naye.
5. Le vacuole kunye amasuntswana angaphandle kulo zifakwe ufake lysosomes equlathe enzyme.
6. Isilwa-buhlungu esisegazini ibhuqiwe kwaye kwetyiswe.
7. Iimveliso ukuthotywa bekhululwe kwiseli.

Xa umzimba kubakho cytokines - siphawula iimolekyuli. Xa efumanise izinto eziyingozi bakhubekise ziiphagocytes. Ukusebenzisa cytokines, iiseli phagocytic kunokubangela ukunceda ezinye iiseli phagocytic ukuya iantigens wenze iiseli ezileleyo.

Protection emsebenzini

The degree of ukuxhathisa komzimba kusuleleko ludlala indima ebalulekileyo yamajoni omzimba. okukwazi sokwazi kwiimeko ezinjalo, umzimba inika ukhuseleko kwi-60%. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ndlela zilandelayo:

• ukufumaneka izithintelo zendalo umzimba:. inwebu yangaphakathi, isikhumba kunye namadlala sebaceous, etc;.
• kwesibindi;
• ukusebenza ekuthiwa inkqubo ngumphelelisi equlathe 20 protein kuhlelwe sisibindi;
• phagocytosis;
• interferon, NK-iiseli, NKT-iiseli;
• cytokines anti-ukudumba;
• omzimba zendalo;
• peptides elwa.

Ilifa ukukwazi ukutshabalalisa kwamagciwane, ngokuqhelekileyo baxhasa kumgca wokuqala ukukhusela impilo yabantu. Iindlela sifo isegazini abe enjalo, njengokuba emibi ngokukhawuleza ukunika ukutshatyalaliswa pathogen, ngaphandle zigaba wokulungiselela. ngenwebu yangaphakathi cell yencindi, ntoleyo ephazamisana unolwalamano ezincinane kunokwenzeka, kwaye intshukumo isiliya iyawasusa iphecana sokuphefumla ukusuka ngamasuntswana amazwe.

okukwazi sokwazi akawatshintshi loo manqaku, kwaye ilawulwa yemfuza ilifa. NK-iiseli (ebizwa-njalo ababulali zendalo) wokhuselo isegazini kwamagciwane wawubulala kwasekwa emzimbeni, - kunokuba abathwali ntsholongwane okanye ithumba iiseli. Ukuba inombolo kunye umsebenzi NK-iiseli uyawa, esi sifo uqala inkqubela.

okukwazi ezifunyenwe

Ukuba ngumsebenzi isegazini ekhoyo ebantwini ukususela ekuzalweni, bafumana ibonakala kwinkqubo yobomi. Ivela kwiintlobo ezimbini:

1. Ngokwendalo kwabizwa - kwasekwa inkqubo ubomi impendulo ukungena awakwazi emzimbeni kunye kwamagciwane.
2. Okwenziwe ezifunyenwe - ukwakha ngenxa zisigonyelwe.

Administrator Isitofu sokugonya iantigens, kwaye umzimba aphendule phambi kwayo. Ukuqonda "utshaba", umzimba ukhupha izilwa ukuphelisa kuyo. Ukongeza, lo gama i-iantigens wahlala yeseli kwimemori, yaye xa yahlaselwa entsha, uya kutshatyalaliswa.

Ngoko ke, kukho "imemori ngumzimba" emzimbeni. okukwazi Acquired inokuba i "ludlolo", oko igcinwa nobomi, kodwa ke kwiimeko ezininzi ikhona okoko nje umzimba gciwane yingozi.

Iinqobo woKhuseleko sifo isegazini eyakuthi

imigaqo yokhuseleko kwicala elinye - ukutshatyalaliswa bezinto ngolunya. Kodwa lo ngumsebenzi isegazini ulwa kunye amasuntswana eziyingozi nge nokudumba phagocytosis, kwaye isebenzisa izilwa ezifunyenwe kunye omzimba.

Ukusebenzela ukukhusela ezi zihlobene ezimbini. inkqubo kunconywa ungumlamli phakathi kwabo, kunye inkqubela yawo kuqinisekiswa nge omzimba. Ngoko ke, ka NK-iiseli i yinxalenye sifo isegazini, yaye zenza cytokines, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ukulawula umsebenzi T-lymphocyte, kungayanyaniswa nokufunyanwa.

Ukuphucula izakhiwo uthango

sifo olwenziwayo, okukwazi ngokwemvelo - konke oku inkqubo ezihambelanayo, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukomeleza oko kufuna ukuba kwenziwe ngendlela emanyeneyo. Kufuneka ukuba anyamekele umzimba xa iyonke, oku kuyanceda:

• umsebenzi esaneleyo kwizakhiwo;
• nesondlo esifanelekileyo;
• indawo evumayo;
• ukuthathwa vitamins;
• kwakhuthazwa rhoqo gumbi ukuligcina lobushushu elilungileyo nokufuma.

Kwakhona Nutrition idlala indima ukusebenza kwamajoni omzimba. Ukuze isebenze kakuhle, ukutya kufuneka abe khona:

• inyama;
• iintlanzi;
• imifuno kunye neziqhamo;
• kwaselwandle;
• imveliso yobisi;
• tea eluhlaza;
• nuts;
• cereals;
• imidumba.

isiphelo

Ukusuka apha ngasentla, kucacile ukuba kufuneka sibe nenkqubo ephuhliswe kakuhle omzimba ebomini ophilileyo. okukwazi isegazini kwaye ezithengiweyo oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwaye kunceda umzimba lahla amasuntswana eziyingozi kwangena kuyo. Kwaye ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo umgangatho kufuneka uyeke imikhwa emibi nokugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni, ukuba ukuphazamisa ubomi "axhasayo" iiseli.