Yintoni nobuchule? izakhono eziphambili kunye novavanyo zabo. Ubuchule katitshala nabafundi

"Ubuchule" - amagama asetyenziswa, mhlawumbi, akunjalo rhoqo, kodwa maxa wambi andahexa kwiincoko ezithile. Abantu abaninzi ukuqonda intsingiselo yawo ngandlel ezingacacanga, bekudidekisa ngobuchule kunye nokutya ayikho ngokupheleleyo endaweni. Kwangaxeshanye, ixabiso layo ngqo unako ukukhonza njenge mpikiswano enamandla kule mpikiswano kunye nengxoxo, kwakunye kwiingxoxo. Ngoko ke yintoni na ubuchule? Athetha ntoni kwaye yintoni ke? Siza ukuqonda ngakumbi.

lwesigama

Ngokutsho lakwaEfrayim, ubuchule luchazwa kummandla kobuchule kunye noluhlu lwemibuzo, apho umntu unolwazi. Ngokweemfuno mthombo ofanayo inkcazelo yesibini, ithi eli gama libhekisela yintlaninge yamalungelo noxanduva (enxulumene ezisemthethweni). Le yokugqibela azezi elithi "abafundele umsebenzi". Yena inomthetho thile kunesiqalo. Kodwa le nkcazo kakhulu nezo ezinokufaneleka kakuhle umbuzo wokuba yintoni nobuchule, ukusukela kuguqulelo wokuqala emininzi ntonye hayi kangako ngokulambisa kuchazwa.

Ubuchule kunye kufutshane ngokoMthetho zakhe

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ukuya utoliko imiqathango yobuchule kunye nobuchule:

• lophawu;
• kuphakanyiswa.

Kwati, kalukhuni ethetha, yena abe nobuchule. Ukungqinelana indlela kwekota yamva ithathwa kunye ngayo ulwalamano lwabo kunye ingqiqo yokuqala. Phela, uchazwa njengoko luphawulwa umgangatho ngamnye, ubuchule bakhe. Ubuchule iphathwa - oko kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, aze athotywe.

esakhiweni

Ubuchule ziziphumo elipheleleyo impefumlelwano nesakhiwo sayo ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Trust. Ukuchazwa kweenjongo zobuqu, ekwenzeni izicwangciso ezithile kunye neeprojekthi lwemifuziselo yezakhiwo, kwakunye nezenzo kunye nokuziphatha ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Kucingelwa umlinganiselo iinjongo kunye neentsingiselo zobuqu.
2. Inkuthazo. umdla ngokwenene kwaye ukwazi onyanisekileyo kumsebenzi apho lo mntu ukufanele, ubukho izizathu zakhe ukusombulula wonke umsebenzi wakho enxulumene lo msebenzi.
3. Orientation. Accounting kwinkqubo lwangaphandle iimeko (isiseko lokuqonda wabo yomsebenzi, abe namava kuyo) kunye yangaphakathi (luluvo amava, intersubject ulwazi, ngokokusebenza iindlela, ezithile iimpawu ngezengqondo, njalo njalo). uvavanyo ngokwaneleyo bobukho ngokwabo - amandla kunye nobuthathaka babo.
4. Esebenzayo. Ukufumaneka kwezakhono nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ukuba ukusebenzisa yokuqala ekufunyanweni kolunye ulwazi, izakhono, iindlela kunye neendlela zokusebenza. Awareness kolwazi lokufunda nokubhala njengesiseko ukuze kwakhiwe zabo zophuhliso, izinto ezintsha, iimbono, kunye namathuba. Ukunqongophala yokoyika umngeni izigqibo kunye nezigqibo, ukhetho ngeendlela ezingaqhelekanga.
5. Ukulawula. Kukho umda flow umlinganiselo kunye nezigqibo ngexesha imisebenzi. Ukuqhubela phambili - ukuba, iimbono ukuphucuka nokukhusela neendlela ezichanekileyo nolusebenzayo kunye neendlela. Umlinganiselo yezenzo neenjongo.
6. Ezivavanyiweyo. Umgaqo ezintathu "self": analysis, uvavanyo kunye nolawulo. Ukuvavanywa sikhundla, imfuno nokusebenza kakuhle ulwazi, izakhono, okanye indlela anyuliweyo amanyathelo.

Ngalinye izinto yindlela yabo ichaphazela yonke into, kwaye lo ngumba obalulekileyo ingqikelelo "ekubumbeni zobuchule".

ngayo umcimbi

Lwesigama wavumela ukuqonda oko yobuchule okuqhelekileyo. Ngokucace kakhulu, yahlulelwe kwii ngokweendidi ezintathu ezibanzi:

• isikhokelo;
• aqondise abanye;
• ngabalawuli bombutho.

isigaba ngasinye iqulethe eziliqela iintlobo. Zizonke mabini.

UBUCHULE nako kwahlulwa kunye umgaqo ezahlukeneyo: umzekelo, ngenxa yokuba ngubani ongumnini kubo. Ezi ntlobo ziya kuchaphazela umsebenzi, imibutho kunye namaqela asekuhlaleni.

Qwalasela oku kulandelayo:

1. Ubuchule katitshala. Eli izakhono zobungcali zokufundisa.
2. ulwazi umfundi. Ingcaciso iseti elilinganiselweyo ulwazi kunye nezakhono.

Kutheni akabanyulanga?

Ukuhambisana

Ubudlelwane phakathi utitshala nomfundi - isigqeba esichubekileyo kuqulethe nobuninzi lweziqalelo. Ukungabikho ngamakhono omnye kuquka ingxaki efanayo kunye nenye. Ke ngenxa yokuba kufuneka sibe yinxalenye nokusebenza kootitshala, umntu uyakwazi ukubona isimo ingacaci ngakumbi.

kwekhono abafundi

izazinzulu ezininzi athi kwisakhono abafundi, ngakumbi ngqo, inani labo kufuneka kuphela ngokungqongqo. Ngenxa yoko, azilungi zaye ekhethiweyo. igama lwabo lwesibini - ngqibelelo engundoqo.

BaseYurophu uluhlu malunga nama-, ngaphandle ingcaciso. Kuyo amanqaku amathandathu. Umfundi kufuneka:

• Funda - njengokuba Okwenziwayo;
• ucinga - njengoko injini uphuhliso;
• khangela - njenge kumiswa ezikhuthazayo;
• babambisane - njengoko inkqubo yonxibelelwano;
• iguqule - njengendlela Ukuphuculwa kwezentlalo;
• ukufumana ishishini - njengoko nokufezekisa konke oku kungentla.

izazinzulu Russian asabela ngayo ityala ngenkathalo. Nazi izakhono ezisisiseko kwabafundi (ewonke ezisixhenxe):

• Ukukwazi ukufunda. Oku kubonisa ukuba umfundi ngubani na onako self-isifundo, bayakwazi ukusebenzisa izakhono efanayo kunye nokuzimela umsebenzi, ubuchule, uphuhliso yobomi. Le ulwazi kubandakanya ukhetho iinjongo zokufunda zabafundi kunye nokuqonda kunye nokwamkelwa iinjongo ezikhethiweyo ngutitshala. Kwakhona zaziquka ucwangciso nentlangano lomsebenzi, ukukhethwa kunye nobuchule search, ubukho izakhono ukuzibamba.
• inkcubeko jikelele. Uphuhliso lobuqu self-abayibona ngayo wena xa lilonke nasekuhlaleni, uphuhliso ngokomoya, uhlalutyo inkcubeko nobuzwe, ukufumaneka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezakhono zolwimi,-imfundo self of a yokuziphatha kunye lwezentlalo nenkcubeko amaxabiso eziqhelekileyo, Utyekelo kumba intsebenziswano enyamezelayo kweendidi ngeendidi zeenkcubeko.
• LeeNkonzo zoLuntu. Le ulwazi kuquka ukukwazi ukukhangela ebomini kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, oko kukuthi, uyazi yena umntu njengelungu lombutho woluntu, urhulumente, kwakunye namaqela asekuhlaleni. Uhlalutyo iziganeko kunye nentsebenziswano kunye noluntu kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente. Ingqalelo iinjongo zabanye, ukuhlonipha kubo, ukuba enze ngokungqinelana nemithetho efanelekileyo lizwe.
• ZeShishini. Akupheleli nje phambi kodwa ekufezekisweni nobuchule. Ezi ziquka, phakathi kwezinye, kuquka umlinganiselo ofunekayo kunye nombutho kanye imisebenzi, uhlalutyo amathuba, yokulungiselela izicwangciso kunye noqeqesha iziphumo zomsebenzi.
• Social. Chaza indawo yabo indlela yamaziko zentlalo, unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela asekuhlaleni, ukutshatisa indima yentlalo, bokuphathisana kunye nesakhono ukuza kwizibhambathiso, uxanduva ngezenzo zabo, uluntu.
• Ulwazi kunye boqhagamshelwano. eyiyo yokusetyenziswa kolwazi technology, ukwakha imifuziselo inkcazelo, inkqubo yovavanyo kunye nenkqubela zobugcisa.
• Healthcare. Gcina njenge impilo yakho (yokuziphatha, ngokwasemzimbeni, engqondweni, ezentlalo, njalo njalo. D.), baye ke abanye, nto leyo ebonisa izakhono ezisisiseko igalelo kuphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa ngalunye kwezi ntlobo zingentla zempilo.

emfundo Key (izakhono ezisisiseko)

amazwe aseYurophu sinonimiruyut intsingiselo 'iziqinisekiso "kunye" nobuchule ". ubuchule obungundoqo zibizwa kwakhona izakhono ezisisiseko. Nabo ke, imiselwa liSebe neempawu kwaye obudlelwana ichazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zentlalo kunye nomsebenzi.

Uluhlu ubuchule obungundoqo kwimfundo professional eYurophu:

• Social. Development kwezisombululo ezintsha kunye nokuphunyezwa yazo, iziphumo, umlinganiselo izilangazelelo zobuqu kunye nabasebenzi, kwaphela iimpawu ngenkcubeko kunye ngamazwe, intlonipho kunye nentsebenziswano njengesibambiso yonxibelelwano abasempilweni qela.
• Boqhagamshelwano. unxibelelwano ngomlomo nangokubhaliweyo ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iindidi iilwimi lwenkqubo, izakhono zonxibelelwano, zokuziphatha zonxibelelwano.
• Socio-lwazi. Uhlahlelo kunye nombono zentlalo ulwazi ekukhanyeni wokugxeka ingqiqo, ilifa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ubuchwephesha bolwazi, ukuqonda icebo womntu - computer, apho ikhonkco yokuqala imiyalelo yesibini, kodwa awunakho ukwenza ngolunye uhlobo.
• Cognitive, ekwabizwa ngokuba wena. Imfuneko self-uphuhliso ngokomoya kunye nokufezekisa le mfuno - Self, uphuculo, ukukhula buqu.
• Cross nenkcubeko, yaye iquka yobuhlanga.
• Special. Oku kuquka izakhono eziyimfuneko nobuchule obaneleyo kwinkalo yobungcali, lokuzimela kulo msebenzi, uhlolo ngokwaneleyo izenzo zabo.

Kwati kunye neziqu

Noko ke, ngokuba umntu lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, i singaqhelekanga ukuva banikwe isihloko le migomo ntonye. Umbuzo oko ubuchule kuyaqala ivele kwakhona kwaye ufuna ezinye utshintsho ukuchaza ngcono. abaphandi Domestic fowunela abakulungeleyo ukulungiselela okulingene sikhokelo kwemisebenzi phantsi kweemeko ezizinzileyo kunye kulinganiselwe. Oku kucingwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo-sikhokelo nobuchule.

Nguwo ke lo sisiqalo nokungangqinelani. Kwakhona, ongundoqo nobuchule xa iintlobo Imithombo ezahlukeneyo ukunika igama kunye nentsingiselo.

Zeer wabiza isitshixo jikelele ulwazi, kwakunye ngenkcubeko kunye ahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, zinceda ukuze kuphunyezwe izakhono ezininzi ezithile ezifunekayo ukuze intsimi ethile ngobuchule umsebenzi, kwaye isiseko lohlengahlengiso kwiimeko non-standard kunye nomsebenzi omtsha kunye nemveliso nezinempumelelo kwi naziphi na iimeko.

abafundele umsebenzi

VI Baydenko wabalaselisa enye umaleko ebalulekileyo - ubuchule ziingcali ojolise.

Ekwahluleni ulichaza ezine imile:

1. Iindibaniso iyahlala bhetyebhetye kumalungiselelo kunye nesigqibo lolwazi, kwaye isicelo kwedatha ukusombulula iingxaki bume zomsebenzi; ngokuphandle intsebenziswano eliphakathi ekhankanywe apha ngasentla.
2. Imilinganiselo yentsebenzo, ububanzi bokusebenzisa kwaye ulwazi oluyimfuneko isetyenziswa imigangatho yoyilo kokuyilwayo.
3. Ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo iimpawu kunye nezakhono ezinegalelo imveliso kunye nokusebenza.
4. Ukudibanisa amava kunye nolwazi ezivumela ukuba senze inkqubela kumsebenzi wayo.

Ukuba sicinga isigama ecetywayo Baydenko, sifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ubuchule professional - ayikho kuphela namandla, yinto ukuthambekela lwangaphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuba isenzo ngokomda lwabo yabasebenzi olufanelekileyo kunye ngokungqinelana neemfuno umsebenzi owenziwayo. abasebenzi abanobuchule uzimisele ukukwenza oko.

Ubuchule katitshala - omnye iindidi umsebenzi, kwakunye equka kwendawo yamandla zobungcali zokufundisa. Ngayo - ngezantsi.

abafundele umsebenzi-zokufundisa

Ingcamango lwezakhono zootitshala kubonisa iimpawu zobuqu katitshala, awangqinelwa ngawo uyakwazi ukucombulula ngempumelelo iingxaki ngokwabo, eyabelwe yona ulawulo kwamaziko emfundo, ngokunjalo asakhulayo kwikhosi yoqeqesho. Le ngcamango lisetyenziswa kwi practice.

Utitshala Skills ubilisa phantsi ngeengcamba ezintathu ezisisiseko ubuchule:

• ukusebenzisa ubuchule ukwimeko yokwenene bemicimbi yokufunda;
• nezimo ekuthatheni izigqibo, iindlela ngeendlela umsebenzi ngamnye;
• ukuphuhliswa ungumlandeli katitshala, iimbono ezintsha kunye nokuphuculwa kwezakhono.

Kuxhomekeka ubunini ezi zoleko, kukho amanqanaba ezintlanu:

• Inqanaba lokuqala lobuchule - zokuzala.
• Yesibini - encomekayo.
• Eyesithathu - a neziseko umzekelo.
• Okwesine - lwazi umzekelo zenkqubo.
• Okwesihlanu - umsebenzi inkqubo-ngumzekelo.

uvavanyo ncam senziwa ngokwesiseko mfuno zilandelayo:

• bagxininise kwiimpawu ngabanye;
• Uthelekiso kweemvavanyo zangaphambili ukuchonga uphuhliso lootitshala ;
• uphethwe - kufuneka zijolise ekuphuhliseni ulwazi, ukulungiswa kunye neendlela izicwangciso zokuphucula;
• ekudaleni inkuthazo kunye namathuba Ukucingisisisa okwenziweyo, self-evaluation.

Uvavanyo amakhono lixhomekeke khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

• ulwazi sifundo;
• ezintsha;
• ezinxulumene nomsebenzi;
• ulwazi iziseko engqondweni zokufundisa;
• ukukwazi ukuzoba ukuya kwizicwangciso zoqeqesho;
• ukusebenza kwezicwangciso zoqeqesho;
• ubuchule zokufundisa;
• Umlinganiselo zokusebenzela zisiya kubafundi;
• ukusebenzisa indlela nganye;
• lokukhuthazwa abafundi;
• ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono zabafundi zokucinga lwenzululwazi;
• uphuhliso ubuchule bokucinga abafundi;
• ukukwazi ukuba evusa umdla kwisifundo;
• ulwazi kwigumbi lokufundela - iintlobo zomsebenzi kunye nemisebenzi;
• intetho ezichanekileyo;
• impendulo;
• amaphepha;
• -Imfundo ukuzeyisa, ukuzeyisa bafezeke ubuntu kunye nezakhono kumsebenzi nenjongo;
• umsebenzi eklasini:
• unxibelelwano kunye nabazali, oogxa, ulawulo.

imibutho Kwati umzali

Ingqwalasela umdla Kwiimeko apho ngokwabo ukumisela kwisakhono a kwizikhundla zolawulo asezantsi. Bubuphi na ubuchule ekufuneka abanazo?

Kwisakhono abasemagunyeni:

• ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo (ngaphakathi nangaphandle);
• ulawulo kwisigaba nezentlalo yoqoqosho;
• Control ngamakhono imizimba asezantsi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo isakhiwo eyodwa;
• uyakwazi ukugcina ingqibelelo amalungu ikhonkco;
• ukuyilwa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo, ezifanelekileyo imiba asakhulayo, ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo;
• ukufezekiswa kwelungelo amanyathelo omthetho.

Power, njengokuba thina siyazi, ukuba yahlulwe phakathi isigqeba, eyenkundla mthetho. iimpahla Ubuchule uzimisele ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba labo. Umzekelo, i- International Court of Justice uyakwazi ukuqonda izinto kuphela phakathi kwamazwe, lo gama kolawulo arbitral yemicimbi yezoqoqosho. Kwekhono imibutho efana ichazwe ngu izinto zawo association, kwakunye njengoko kuchaziwe kuMgaqo-siseko.

Ubuchule kwimibutho lweshishini, amashishini, njalo-njalo. D.

Ezingundoqo nobuchule yenkampani njengesiseko zalo zophuhliso olucwangcisekileyo, lijolise ekuphuculeni inkqubo kunye nenzuzo. Ukufumaneka nobuchule ngokwaneleyo yenza imibutho ukuba ahlale kuphela lezimali, kodwa ukuqhubela phambili kwinqanaba elilandelayo. ubuchule Key kufuneka inxulumene kunye nemisebenzi yenkampani. Ngoko ke likuvumela ukuba inzuzo enkulu.

Ubuchule wombutho umzekelo ishishini yenkampani kule kurhwebo:

• ulwazi msebenzi (imarike) kunye nokuhlaziya rhoqo ulwazi;
• ukukwazi ukuhlaziya ulwazi olufundiweyo nokufezekisa izigqibo ezichanekileyo ukuze kuxhamle inkampani;
• nako ukuqhubela rhoqo phambili.

isiphelo

Ingcamango izakhono sele erhangqwe kunye ngokwemiqathango ezimbini: nobuchule, imihlaba apho kuli- awucaci, kunye neziqinisekiso. Eyokuqala yayididekile ne yokuqala, enkosi lungelelanisa iimo kunye etymology, yaye ubudlelwane nabo kukuthi yokuzimisela ezikhethiweyo kwikota nobuchule. Ne abafanelekayo ngaphezulwana inzima: yaseYurophu Community ezikhethelwe ingqiqo, lo gama i wasekhaya inzululwazi lokukwekwa contract phezu Yahlula kwabo. Ngenxa yoku, hayi ebengezela singathanda imeko kunye nokonyulwa ubuchule obungundoqo.