Yintoni na zimpahla likhulu wawa emhlabeni?

Izazinzulu-akhona ukusuka Canada athi wobhobhozayo ubunzima awe bombarding iplanethi yethu ukuzeka kade umsindo, ngokuba yonyaka idlula iitoni ezingama-21. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi azithathelwa ngqalelo nje umntu bagcine kwaye ufumane awe kuphela zone zelimiweyo.

Umlinganiselo ilizwe komhlaba uMhlaba%-29 kuphela, abanye planethi kuhlala yi elwandle. Kodwa ezi 29% kufuneka uthathe indawo elingamiweyo ngumntu okanye akafanelekanga ukuhlalwa. Ngoko ukufumana i zimpahla - yimpumelelo enkulu. Noko ke, kwakukho ityala xa zimpahla wafumana umntu.

Ityala kungquzulwano kwe zimpahla nendoda

Nakule wonke Kuna kweenkwenkwezi ukuya Umhlaba yaziwa ngokusesikweni omnye kuphela kwimeko ebhalwe qha ngqo ngumntu zimpahla.

Kwathi eUnited States Novemba 30, 1954. eziwa Chetyrehkilogrammovy ukubetha eluphahleni lwendlu, owenzakeleyo inkosikazi yakhe umlenze. Ngenxa yoko, ingozi ukuba intloko yomntu liwa iindwendwe ezininzi kakhulu evela emajukujukwini, kusekho. Kazi na zimpahla inkulu wawa emhlabeni yethu?

Ayevela zahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu: ilitye-zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi. Yaye ngalunye kwezi ndidi sele Anaki yayo.

Emkhathini elikhulu ilitye

Kakhulu kutshanje, Matshi 8, 1976, wanika isithuba ukuba isipho Chinese kukho isiphango Meteor. Amatye esiwa kumphezulu imizuzu 37. Enye imizekelo bawa emalunga neetoni 1,77. Yaba emkhathini likhulu wawa emhlabeni, ukuba isakhiwo welitye. Le ngozi yenzeke kufuphi kwiphondo Chinese ka Jilin. Igama elifanayo lanikwa emajukujukwini nondwendwe.

De kube ngoku, Jilin zimpahla Nguye lo ilitye elikhulu zimpahla afumaneka emhlabeni.

Eyona inkulu-yentsimbi zimpahla

Ummeli inkulu zimpahla kudidi-intsimbi emalunga neetoni 1.5. Sawufumana 1805 eJamani.

eziwa Bemi German, eyafunyanwa Australia, ubunzima kg 100 kuphela ngaphantsi waseJamani.

Kodwa bonke lona undwendwe intsimbi evela emajukujukwini, i ubunzima baso izihlandlo ezilishumi mkhulu kunabo bonke awe esibhakabhakeni ezifumaneka ngaphambili.

Le yentsimbi eziwa inkulu

Ngowe-1920, kumazantsi-ntshona of Namibia, yafunyanwa i zimpahla yentsimbi enobubanzi oziimitha 2.7 kwaye anobunzima ngaphezulu kwama-66! Sondeza kule meko kwi planethi hayi abafunyanwayo. Zahamba kakuhle ukuba zimpahla likhulu yawa Earth. Igama wanikwa imbeko yefama Hoba West, umnini olwaba kuye ebudeni ukulima umhlaba. yobudala eyiyona engenamaqhuma intsimbi ithe amawaka 80. Years.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-zimpahla Goba yeyona block elikhulu yentsimbi zendalo.

Ngowe-1955, i-zimpahla likhulu wawa emhlabeni, Goba, yabhengezwa yamagugu esizwe kwaye zibekwe phantsi wokhuseleko karhulumente. Yaba umlinganiselo kuyimfuneko, ukususela kwiminyaka-35, lo gama i-zimpahla waba kuwonke-wonke, wenza elichithwe ubunzima iitoni 6. Inxalenye ubunzima ilahlekile ngenxa yeenkqubo zendalo - ukhukhuliseko. Kodwa igalelo ephambili kwinkqubo "ekunciphiseni" kwaziswa abakhenkethi abaninzi. hamba ngoku uye umzimba yasezulwini kunokwenzeka kuphela phantsi kweliso kwaye ibe lidini lentlawulo.

Ayevela, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, Kakade ke, zezona inkulu kwicandelo babo bonke ukubonakala ngaphambili. Kodwa ke umbuzo wokuba yintoni na zimpahla inkulu wawa phantsi, waza wahlala ezivulekileyo.

Le eziwa eyabulala Dinosaurs

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ibali buhlungu ukuphela kwezi Dinosaurs. Ngomhla unobangela abaphengululi babo ekufeni bathi, kodwa inguqulo ngumtyholwa le ntlekele yaba zimpahla uhlala enkulu.

Ngokutsho izazinzulu, kwiminyaka yezigidi-65 eyadlulayo Umhlaba yahlaselwa ekuneni kwemvula enkulu leyo eyabangela ukuba le ntlekele ngomlinganiselo-langa. Le eziwa wawa phezu intsimi, leyo ngoku bobabo eMexico - usingasiqithi Yukotan, kufuphi kwilali Chicxulub. Ubungqina oku ukuwa ngo-1970 wafumana emgodini impembelelo. Kodwa njengoko ukuxinezeleka yambathiswa ngamatye lentlenga, balujongisise ngenyameko zimpahla akazange. Neminyaka engama-20 kuphela kamva, izazinzulu wabuyela isifundo sakhe.

Ngenxa yalo msebenzi lubonisa ukuba Umgodi ngasekhohlo yi zimpahla, oko 180 km ubukhulu. Sangqa emkhathini ngokwayo malunga-10 km. Ukuwa amandla lweMpembelelo waba 100 000 Xhosa e TNT (oku enokuthelekiswa kunye dubulo ngaxeshanye 2.000.000 iintlawulo inkulu fusion).

Kuthathwa ukuba ngenxa iimpembelelo a esibhakabhakeni kwakheka ukuphakama itsunami yomtshangatshangiso kwi efanayo ixesha zohlukile leemitha-50 ukuya 100. Navuswa kunye nefuthe kwamasuntswana othuli kwiminyaka eliqela sivalisisekile ngalo lonke ixesha i-Earth ukusuka Sun, nto leyo eye yakhokelela ekubeni utshintsho lwemozulu olukhulu. imvula acid kunye nemililo ezinkulu akhasayo nezolo, kwenyusa meko. On the planet kweza analogu ebusika yenyukliya. Ngenxa yale ntlekele wafa 75% lweentlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo.

Noko ke ngokusemthethweni Chiksulubsky zimpahla - emkhathini likhulu wawa emhlabeni kwiminyaka yezigidi-65 eyadlulayo. Yena phantse wabatshabalalisa bonke ubomi emhlabeni. Kodwa kwimbali awe kuwa Earth ubukhulu singene kwindawo yesithathu kuphela.

Eyokuqala phakathi kwama-Anaki

Yezizathu 2 billion kwiminyaka eyadlulayo a zimpahla wawa emhlabeni, abashiya, azafunyanelwa ndawo kumphezulu wayo kunye ububanzi of km 300. Ngokwakhe a eziwa kuthiwa lwalunobude km ngaphezulu kwe-15.

Umngxuma oshiyeke emva kokuwa, kukuba eMzantsi Afrika, kwiphondo Free State yaye yaziwa ngokuba iVredefort. Le impembelelo mngxuma inkulu, washiya ngawo zimpahla likhulu yawa Earth kwimbali iplanethi yethu. Ngo-2005, umngxuma iVredefort ikuluhlu njenge UNESCO World Heritage Site. Le eziwa likhulu yawa Earth, ifoto kwi ukukhunjulwa ngokwakhe abazange ukuhamba, kunjalo, ibala elikhulu akayi kuvumela ukuba silibale ngayo ngokohlobo wentaba phezu komhlaba wethu.

Oku waphawula ukuba ukuwa awe esibhakabhakeni, ogama imilinganiselo zibalwa xa amashumi ubuncinane yeemitha, kwenzeka qho emva kwamakhulu eminyaka. A ayevela ezinkulu angawa luphela ebantwini.

Izazinzulu ukuqikelela ukuba 2029 Umhlaba ufuna ukubona guest entsha.

Meteorite ogama Apophis

Le eziwa olubeka iplanethi yethu, ogama Apophis (igama zmeeboga, leyo sisichasi loThixo kwelanga Ra eYiputa yamandulo). Imenyu phantsi okanye nangoku miss niwele kufutshane emhlabeni, akwaziwa. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni, ukuba udibana zenzeke?

yokungqubana simo of Apophis ne Earth

Ngenxa yoko, kwakusazeka ukuba sangqa Apophis yi-320 kuphela mitha. Ukuba liwele Earth kwenzeka nokuphalazeka kwelifu, lingana kwisikhundla yayo iziqhushumbisi-15 000 wawisa kwi eHiroshima.

Ukuba Apofis zanelise mpumalanga, apho kuya nefuthe mngxuma ukuba ubunzulu oziimitha 400-500 kanye ububanzi of km ukuya ku-5. Oku kubangela iliza wayeza kutshabalalisa isakhiwo eyinkunzi kumgama-50 km ukusuka kumbindi womhlaba. Izakhiwo musa musani amandla indlu ngezitena iza kutshatyalaliswa kumgama 100-150 km. ilifu uthuli liphuma ukuya kubude iikhilomitha eziliqela, yaye uya kuhlawula ehlabathini lonke.

Amabali basasazwa eendaba malunga ubusika yenyukliya kunye nesiphelo ihlabathi kakhulu akabaxwa. Imilinganiselo emkhathini kuba neziphumo ezinje zincinane kakhulu. Mhlawumbi yandisa lobushushu ngu degrees 1-2, kodwa kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva ibuyisela kwisiqhelo. Oko kukuthi zinto zingumqondiso intlekele, ukuba zisenzeka ukuba kude jikelele.

Ukuba Apophis iwela olwandle, nto leyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuvele tsunami ukuba aya kufikelela kwimimandla yonxweme. Wave ukuphakama kulo mzekelo iya kuxhomekeka kumgama phakathi elunxwemeni kunye neendawo zimpahla. Iliza okokuqala abe ubude 500, kodwa ukuba Apophis baya kuwa phakathi wolwandle, yomtshangatshangiso bafika elunxwemeni, akayi ngaphezu kweemitha 10-20. Nangona kwakhona unzulu. Isaqhwithi iya kuqhubeka iiyure eziliqela. Zonke ezi ziganeko kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kuphela kangangoko kunokwenzeka amathuba ethile. Ngoko ukuba okanye hayi Apophis kuhlangana iplanethi yethu?

Amathuba Apophis ebetha emhlabeni

Apophis uya kuthiwa ukusongela iplanethi yethu kabini. Ixesha lokuqala - ngo-2029, yaye emva koko - ngo-2036-m. Emva kokuba wenze imigqaliselo usebenzisa iqela radar izazinzulu amathuba kungquzulwano kwe zimpahla nomhlaba ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko for 2036, njengoko namhlanje ithuba yokungqubana kukho zimpahla kunye uMhlaba-1: 250 000. Yaye ngonyaka ngamnye nokwandisa ukuchana izibalo yokungqubana lilonke kunciphisa.

Kodwa kunye namathuba enjalo ichaza iinguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokutenxa ngenkani kwikhondo Apophis. Ngaloo Apofis kuba yinto umdla kunokuba ubiza kunokuba ethwele songo.

Ekugqibeleni, siphawula ukuba awe batshatyalaliswe ngamandla xa ungena-atmosfera yomhlaba. Xa besondela izinga lehlabathi ukuwa iindwendwe ezivela indawo 10-70 km / s, yaye ukuqhagamshelana nge-bume igesi kokuba ezixineneyo eliphezulu, ukunyuka ubushushu esibhakabhakeni ezigxeka, yaye nje itshiswe mhlawumbi kakhulu ngamandla yathotywa. Ngoko ke, umoya ka iplanethi yethu ngumkhuseli ibhetele nxamnye nabaqhekezi.