Yintoni na ubunzima, ukubala njani, yaye oko eyahluke ngayo ubunzima?

Concept ngayo aqhelekileyo ukuqalela kwimfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni, thina - ubunzima. Kodwa, ngexesha wezenzululwazi nezifundo zalo ibandakanya iingxaki ezithile. Ngoko ke, simele sichaze ngokucacileyo into ubunzima. bunokufunyanwa njani? Kwaye kutheni akalingani ubunzima?

Ukuzimisela of mass

ingqondo eli xabiso Natural zenzululwazi-kukuba kugqiba isixa into equlethwe kule emzimbeni. Kutyunjwa ngantoni ukusebenzisa unobumba m Latin. Iyunithi yomlinganiselo kwinkqubo mgangatho kilogram. Xa iingxaki zemihla ngemihla yaye ngokufuthi non-SI: gram, kunye ngetoni nganye.

Kule khosi yesikolo impendulo yombuzo of physics: "Yintoni na le ubunzima" lifumaneka kula isifundo mba we inertia. Ngoko kuchazwa ukukwazi komzimba ukuxhathisa utshintsho ngesantya yeentshukumo zabo. Ngoko ke, ekwabizwa ngokuba ubunzima inertial.

Yintoni na ubunzima?

Okokuqala, kungamandla leyo eya kumda wesangqa. Weight kwakhona ubungakanani scalar. Weight kumda wesangqa isoloko incamathele inkxaso okanye ukunqunyanyiswa kwaye sibhekiswe kwicala elinye njengoko amandla womxhuzulane, oko kukuthi, phezulu phantsi.

Ifomula yokubala ubunzima kuxhomekeka ekubeni le nkxaso ihamba (ukumiswa). Kwimeko yezinye i inkqubo usebenzisa i binzana:

P = m * g, apho F (ngemithombo IsiNgesi kusetyenziswa incwadi W) - ubunzima, G - ukukhawulezisa womxhuzulane. G ngokuba ilizwe bangathathwa njengoko 9.8 m / s ^2.

Ukususela kule ubunzima formula anokuzuzwa: m = F / g.

Xa uhamba phantsi, oko kukuthi, kwicala ubunzima intshukumo, ixabiso layo kunciphisa. Ngoko ke, lo ifomula uba:

P = m (g - a). Apha, "a" - na ukukhawulezisa inkqubo intshukumo.

Oko kukuthi, xa ukulingana kwezi accelerations emibini evela kurhulumente ikhaphukhaphu kwenzeka xa ubunzima bomzimba ilingana zero.

Xa umzimba uqala ukuya phezulu, uze uthethe ngayo umzimba. Kule meko, kukho imeko sindisa. Ngenxa yokuba ukukhula komzimba, kwaye ifomula bekuya ikhangeleke ngolu hlobo:

P = m (g + a).

Njengoko mass ihlobene lexinene?

elula kakhulu. Ukuxinana enkulu nesixhobo apho umzimba iqulathe, ukubaluleka ngakumbi iya kuba ubunzima balo. Ngenxa mninzi uchazwa lulwahlulo amaxabiso amabini. Eyokuqala ngumthamo ubunzima - yesibini. Ukubonisa eli xabiso bakhethe unobumba ρ Greek. Iyunithi yomlinganiselo lulwahlulo buziikhilogram laliziimitha cubic.

Ngokusekelwe zonke ngasentla, ifomula izihlwele kuthatha le fomu ilandelayo:

m = ρ * V, apho V luchazwa yi unobumba umthamo yomzimba.

ingxaki abathandwayo

Emva ukucacisa umbuzo wokuba yintoni ubunzima, unako uqale ukusombulula le ngxaki. Kweno isiqulatho ukonwabisa, sibe nomdla ngakumbi abafundi.

Task № 1. Imiqathango: velo Pewu ifumene ezimbini ilitha imbiza ezifanayo. Ngo omnye wabo, nobusi, neoli kwezinye. Ndazi njani apho ubusi ngaphandle kokuvula nabo?

Isigqibo. mninzi ubusi obungaphezu ioli. I wokuqala ixabiso 1430 kg / ^m-3, kwaye eyesibini - 920 kg / m ^3. Ngoko ke, ngenani elifanayo zeebhekile ukuba ubusi kuya kuba nzima.

Ukuze ube impendulo ngqo ngakumbi kumbuzo le ngxaki kufuneka ukubala ubunzima ubusi neoli embizeni. Umthamo owaziwa wazo - ilitha 1. Kodwa izibalo efunekayo ixabiso kwi cubic metres. Ngoko ke, simele siqale ukwenza le nguqulelo. Xa m enye ³ iqulethe iilitha 1000. Ngoko ke, xa kufuneka isiphumo ukubala ukuba ixabiso ngokomthamo elilinganayo 0.001 ^m3.

Ngoku ingasetyenziswa ubunzima ifomula, apho lexinene liphindaphindwe umthamo. Emva izibalo ezilula ezifana ifunyanwe amaxabiso ubunzima: 1.43 kg kwaye 0,92 kg ubusi neoli ngokulandelelana.

Impendulo: Imbiza ubusi nzima.

Umsebenzi Inombolo 2. Imeko: Clown uchola a ubunzima ngaphandle iingxaki, kuyo kwathiwa, ukuba ubunzima bayo 500 kilograms. Yintoni na ubunzima kanye ubunzima, ukuba ilingana umthamo iilitha ezi-5, yaye ubuncwane Lenzelwe apho, - kwiplagi?

Isigqibo. Kwitheyibhile kufuneka ufumane ixabiso isivalo mninzi. Kuyinto ilingana 240 kg / m ^3. Ngoku kufuneka ukuba ukuguqulela ixabiso mqulu, ufumana 0,005 m ^3.

Ukwazi ezi amaxabiso Akukho nzima ukuba uthathe ithuba kwifomula sele kwaziwa ukubala ubunzima ubunzima fake. Le imvume ilingana no 1.2 kg. ukuqonda Ngoku kutheni ukudlala ayikho nzima.

Phendula. Ubunzima Rule yale ubunzima ngu 1.2 kg.

Ingxaki № 3. Imiqathango: Genie ehleli ityhubhu, umthamo apho ayaziwa. Kodwa mninzi yayo ngeli xesha 40000 kg / m ^3. Xa kukhululwa ibhotile, kuye wesiNtu ukuba i parameters lomzimba womntu: volume 0.08 m ^3, ukuxinana ka 1000 kg / m ^3. Yintoni na umthamo isibane?

Isigqibo. Okokuqala kufuneka wazi ubunzima bayo zikarhulumente eziqhelekileyo. Kuya kuba ilingana no-80 kg. Ngoku singakwazi ugqithele ukuze sifumane kwimveliso isibane. Sicingela ukuba uJean anaso yonke indawo ngaphakathi kuyo. Emva koko kufuneka bahlulwe lexinene ubunzima, okt 80 ukuya 40,000 ukufumana ixabiso 0.002 m ^3. Loo nto ilingana neelitha ezimbini.

Phendula. Umthamo we isibane ilingana iilitha ezi-2.

Imingeni ukuze kubalwe mass

Ukuqhubeka ingxoxo malunga yintoni na ubunzima, kufuneka ibe sisigqibo imisebenzi enxulumene nobomi. iimeko ezimbini ziboniswa apha, nto leyo iya kubonisa isicelo ulwazi practice.

ngozi yenzeke egiyeni, nto leyo oyile hit the kwi Gulf ngo-1979: Umsebenzi Inombolo 4. Imeko. indawo yayo lwalunobude 640 m kunye ubukhulu bumalunga 208 cm. Ngaba ubunzima yeoli achithwa?

Isigqibo. Oil mninzi 800 kg / m ^3. Ukuze uthathe ithuba olungumgubo sele ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kufuneka ukwazi umthamo amabala. Kulula ukubala, ukuba singathatha ndawo lombhobho. Emva koko ke Ifomula ivolyum iya kuba:

V = π * r ² * h.

Enigcoba r - lo embindini kunye h - ukuphakama njengesilinda. Uza kufumana i ngokulinganayo 668,794.88 ^m3. Ngoku uyakwazi ukubala ubunzima. Kuyenzeka ngolu hlobo: 535034904 kg.

Impendulo: ubunzima Oyile malunga 535.036 neetoni.

Umsebenzi № 5. Imiqathango: Ubude elide yocingo yi km 15151. Yintoni na ke ubunzima bobhedu, apho waya umenzi wayo, ukuba icandelo wire lomnqamlezo 7.3 cm ^2?

Isigqibo. mninzi ubhedu 8900 kg / m ^3. Ukubana kukuba ngefomula leyo iqulathe isiseko imveliso iinyawo ukuphakama (apha ubude USB) njengesilinda. Kodwa ke kuqala kufuneka ukuguqula le ndawo in square metres. Oko mbaxa lenani elinikiweyo 10000. Emva kokuba ukubalwa ujika ukuba ngumthamo opheleleyo of cable malunga ulingana 11000 m ^3.

Ngoku kufuneka zande lexinene kunye nomthamo ukufumana phandle, yintoni na ubunzima. Isiphumo eziliqela 97900000 kg.

Impendulo: ubunzima ubhedu tons 97900.

Enye ingxaki ezinxulumene ne mass

Inombolo Umsebenzi 6. Imeko: Le ubunzima inkulu ikhandlela 89867 kg na ububanzi of 2,59 m Yintoni ukuphakama kwayo.?

Isigqibo. Wax mninzi - 700 kg / m ^3. Ukuphakama imfuneko ukufumana formula umthamo. Oko kukuthi, V wahlulwe yimveliso π kunye isikweri radius.

Kwaye umthamo ibalwa ebunzima kunye mninzi. Kuyinto ilingana 128,38 ^m3. Ukuphakama kwakuyi 24,38 m.

Impendulo: Ukuphakama amakhandlela 24,38 m.