Yintoni mitosis yaye yintoni inkqubo ithatha indawo prophase of mitosis?

Yintoni mitosis kunye meiosis kwaye isigaba abanazo? Eli candelo yeseli, nto leyo eye nokungafani. Xa meiosis ezine ezizalwa wabumba ngumongo kumzali apho inani zofuzo (kabini). Xa mitosis, nayo kwenzeka division iseli, kodwa olu hlobo akhiwa iiseli ezimbini kuphela intombi kunye zofuzo efanayo njengoko abazali.

Ngoko ke yintoni na mitosis kunye meiosis? Eli candelo kweenkqubo zebhayoloji, ngexesha apho iiseli akhekha zofuzo ezithile. Yokuzala mitosis luyenzeka eziphilayo multicellular, izinto eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo.

isigaba

Mitosis uthatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba ezibini:

1. Ukuphinda ulwazi kwinqanaba yemfuza. Apha iiseli unina ingxolo phakathi ulwazi yemfuza. Kweli nqanaba, i zofuzo zitshintshiwe.
2. sigaba Mitotic. It iqulathe lamathuba ixesha.

Iseli owabumba kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba eziliqela.

isigaba

Mitosis wohlulwe ngokwezigaba ezininzi:

• telophase;
• anaphase;
• metaphase;
• prophase.

Ezi zigaba kwenzeka ngolandelelwano ethile kwaye abe neempawu zabo.

Kuyo nayiphi na mitosis ezintsonkothileyo multi-cellular Ngokufuthi kubandakanya ukwahlulwa iseli lohlobo undifferentiated. Xa mitosis iseli umzali iyahlula umntwana, ngokuqhelekileyo ababini kubo. Omnye wabo uba isiqu kwaye iqhubeka ukwahlulwa, kunye nezingxi nesiqingatha yesibini.

interphase

Interphase - isilungiselela iselula ngokwahlukana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli nyathelo uyaqhubeka iiyure ezingamashumi amabini. Ngeli xesha, ayajika ezininzi iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ngexesha apho iiseli abakulungele mitosis.

Ngeli xesha kukho icandelo iiprotheni, organelles ukunyuka imali kubume DNA. Ekupheleni zokwahlula molekyuli kwezakhi kabini, kwaye akawatshintshi inani zofuzo. DNA efanayo spliced kunye chromatids ezimbini molecule mnye. chromatids senziwe ziyafana yaye udade.

Emva kokugqitywa interphase of mitosis iqala enyanisweni. Le ibandakanya prophase, metaphase, anaphase kunye telophase.

prophase

Isigaba sokuqala mitosis - prophase ngayo. Oku ithatha malunga neyure. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe kwizigaba eziliqela. Ngelo isanda xa prophase of mitosis nucleolus zomthetho landiswe, ngenxa apho iimolekyuli akhiwa. Ekupheleni kwesigaba, chromosome ngalinye libunjwa chromatids ezimbini kakade. Nucleoli kunye inwebu yenyukliya iqhawulwa, zonke izinto zibe ehokweni zithe saa. Ngaphezu koko, xa lo prophase of mitosis ezikhandelwa achromatin ngemisonto division isabelo udlula yeseli lonke, yaye bambi nombhobho izinto central. Kule nkqubo, umxholo ikhowudi yezofuzo kuhlala ingatshintshanga.

Inani zofuzo kwi prophase of mitosis akatshintshi. kwenzeka ngakumbi oko? Xa prophase of mitosis lwenzeka sokonakalisa yemvulophu enyukliya, nto leyo ikhokelele ezijikeleze zofuzo kubonakala kukho icytoplasm. Amasuntswana of Imvulophu yenyukliya yaphela ukwenza vesicles ndizayo encinane.

Xa prophase of mitosis, oku kulandelayo kwenzeka: iseli isilwanyana iba ngeenxa, kodwa oko akuthethi ukutshintsha imilo kwezityalo.

metaphase

Emva prophase metaphase iqala. Kwesi sigaba, zofuzo kweleli kufikelela incopho yayo. zofuzo asisifutshane uqale ukususa kwiziko esiseleni. Ngexesha nyathelo, bebekwe elinganayo macala omabini. Kukho abunjwe metaphase nembasa. Xa kuqwalaselwa iiseli ngokucacileyo chromosome ebonakalayo. It is in metaphase ukuba kulula ukubala.

Emva ukuyilwa zofuzo metaphase isethi analyses, ethile uhlobo. Oku kwenzeka ngokuthi evalela i zofuzo usebenzisa sezakhi.

Zonke izinto eziphilayo sinengqokelela yayo zofuzo. Umzekelo, 20 lobuninzi bengqolowa yabo, amaqunube egadini - 56. Xa umzimba womntu zofuzo ngaphantsi kwe berry, bonke 46.

anaphase

Zonke iinkqubo kwi prophase of mitosis iphela kwaye iqala anaphase. Ngethuba lale nkqubo, zonke unxulumano baphuke chromosome kwaye uqale ukususa kumacala icala ngalinye enye. In ezinxulumene zofuzo anaphase ukuzimela. Kokuba bangene ezahlukeneyo iiseli.

Isigaba yehlukana iziphelo ukuba iiseli izibonda chromatids. Kananjalo apha nokusasazwa kolwazi yemfuza phakathi nkampani kunye iseli umzali.

telophase

Zofuzo zisendaweni pole. Phantsi ngemicroscope, kuba nzima ukubona kuba iqokobhe olungundoqo usenziwa ngeenxa zonke. Othini itshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo.

Xa izityalo, inwebu senziwa embindini yeseli, kwaye isasazeka ngokuthe ngcembe nezibonda. She is iseli unina ihlukane iinxalenye ezimbini. Xa inwebu bukhulileyo ngokupheleleyo, kukho udonga kwincindi.

iimpawu mitosis

division Cell Ngaba iziqhoboshi ngenxa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukubekwa ubuthi, radiation. Ngexesha isifundo iiseli mitotic kwi eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo multicellular zingasetyenziswa iityhefu anqanda mitosis kwi metaphase okwangoku. Oku kukuvumela isifundo eneenkcukacha zofuzo, athwale kariotopirovanie.

Mitosis eTable

Siqwalasela izigaba sisahlula iseli kule theyibhile ingezantsi.

Inkqubo amanyathelo mitosis nayo kunokubonwa kule theyibhile.

Mitosis kwizilwanyana nezityalo

Iimpawu zale nkqubo ziza kuchazwa itafile lothelekiso.

Ngoko ke, siye ingqalelo inkqubo yokwahlukana iseli izinto zezilwanyana nezityalo, kwakunye neempawu zawo kunye nomahluko.