Yintoni ikhompyutha?

Ikhompyutha - it iikhompyutha elektroniki, kusekwe inkqubo ecacileyo enye.

Imbali emfutshane

Eli nqaku ngento ikhompyutha, yaye, ngokubhekisele kulo mba, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuthetha malunga Imbali yezi matshini ukuphucula ubomi bethu.

Njengoko sele kwaziwa, umntu usoloko efuna ukuququzelela ubomi babo, ngoko wadala ikhompyutha electronic, likuvumela ukuba wenze ngokukhawuleza amanyathelo afunekayo. Eyokuqala khompyutha, okanye ezifana, ebizwa abacus - ibhodi wokubala eqhelekileyo. It ivumela izibalo ezilula, bacwangcise kwakunzima elula.

Iskim yokuqala kwezixhobo computer kumatshini sele ziphuhlisiwe kwaye wanikela ezaziwayo-kakuhle Scientist-kwezezibalo ogama Dzhon Fon Neyman ngo-1946. Phezu kwako Uphuhliso oluqhubela phambili zobugcisa, ukuvela iiprojekthi ezintsha ngakumbi nangakumbi, uninzi imigaqo ikhompyutha yokuqala ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye izixhobo zale mihla.

Von kunikezelo akazange ukusebenza wedwa, kodwa osebenza nabo. Ngoncedo lwabo, uya kugqiba isakhiwo elizayo indlela. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kwafuneka ukuba icebo ngaphezu kwesinye, kunye wangaphandle, ngaphandle apho, kakhulu, asikwazi ukuba akusebenzi. Esi sisixhobo esisebenza imisebenzi ubhalo nasekubaleni okanye Alu (yokalo emileyo unit logic) ulawulo, okanye uu. Ibe yimfuneko ke abanye memory kwiinkqubo ukugcina kunye data. izixhobo bangaphandle enze igalelo umsebenzi kunye nemveliso yolwazi eyahlukeneyo.

Dzhon Fon Neyman wacebisa ukuba memory kufuneka zihlelwe ngendlela yokuba zonke iiseli zawo uya kufumaneka nezinye izixhobo computing kwi ngokulinganayo.

Ukongeza ubume kwimathematika liqaphele nemigaqo esisiseko iikhompyutha yokuqala, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Umyalelo kufuneka lwenziwe umqhubekekisi ngokulandelelana, oko kuthiwa umgaqo wolawulo software. Zonke iinkqubo, kunye data ukuba lugcinwe kwinkumbulo mnye, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ukuba kwenziwe ngeeseli. Ngamnye kubo inombolo yayo, kwaye kumqhubekekisi iyafumaneka nangaliphi na ixesha.

Le migaqo kuyagcinwa, kwaye kwezinye iikhompyutha mihla, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "yangasemva-neymanskimi". Ngoko ke, kunikezelo phakathi kwenkulungwane XX, kunokuthiwa, wanika inkcaza yintoni na ikhompyutha.

computer mihla

Ingxaki iiPC namhlanje kukuba kukubonelela nokufunyanwa data ngesantya esiphezulu, inkqubo, wayithumela nokufumana iinkcukacha. Kufuneka kube lula ukuba abasebenzi kunye nolawulo kweeyunithi yemveliso. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, kwisithuba lophuhliso-ngesantya esiphezulu ubuchwepheshe, ukuvela iindidi ezintsha zobugcisa, i-PC, ukuba asingabo bonke, ngoko wonke umntu wesibini. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhompyutha siqu into edityaniswe kwi network ulwazi, ngaloo ndlela babe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kakhulu ebomini bethu.

I khompyutha ngoku - isixhobo iinkcukacha ezingundoqo kwi-ofisi nasekhaya. Phantse wonke umsebenzi lwenziwa ulwazi kunye nayo, nokuba uluhlu eqhelekileyo lomyalezo wokubhaliweyo okanye ayibukele eyonwabisayo film.

Iikhompyutha ezininzi eziphambili namhlanje zisetyenziswa ngendlela iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo eziphilayo kunye emzimbeni ekucombululeni iingxaki musa ndikwakhele ngokucacileyo algorithm yezenzo, ekuthiwa basemoyeni. Kwesi sigaba, computers eqala nje uphuhliso lwabo, ukuze computer ekusombululeni iingxaki ezinjalo, ngoxa kunzima ukuthetha.

Iikhompyutha zezi ekhethekileyo nakwesesine isizukulwana iikhompyutha, kodwa ezinye ekuthini, ukuba esesihlanu isahlulo sibe. Kufanele, banikwe uphuhliso olukhawulezayo software. Ngoko ke, lo mbuzo akukho, impendulo enye ngqo.

Ngoko ke, iikhompyutha - yinto ngaphandle namhlanje umntu akakwazi ukwenza kubomi banamhlanje. Into yokuba ikhompyutha nendlela ukuphuhlisa ibali ezinjalo, ebhaliweyo ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo.