Yaqonda iinqwelo-moya ezonga. iimpawu drones

Ngokwembono yabantu abaninzi, hayi anxulumene eyama izithuthi yaqonda emoyeni uguqulelo nobunzima kakhulu ye kulawulwa radio-model moya. Ngandlel 'ithile, le ndlela. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi zezi zixhobo obusandula isiya isohluka kangangokuba kuncitshiswa zibe mbono ukuba abakwazi kwakhona.

Ukuqala xesha yaqonda

Ukuba sithetha iinkqubo oluzenzekelayo-control emoyeni nesithuba, umxholo asinto intsha. Enye into kukuba kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela wabonakala ngendlela ethile. Xa ezingundoqo zalo, kwisiphekepheke eSoviet "Buran" wenza vaakelani va ngaphandle labasebenzi kunye lawela ukholosile ngoku kude 1988 - loo ikude efanayo. Photography komhlaba ka Venus neenkcukacha ezininzi ngenzululwazi kule planethi (1965) nazo zilungisiwe ngendlela imo esizenzekelayo telemetry. Kwaye ke kuloo matutu ziyangqinelana iingcinga zobugcisa yaqonda. Kunye nezinye iimpumelelo ezininzi kwenzululwazi yiSoviet kwicandelo emajukujukwini. Phi kwavela uthe fashion? Kuyabonakala ukuba, kwaba sisiphumo amava yokulwa ukusetyenziswa lweso sixhobo, isisityebi.

Ekuqaleni, yaqonda iinqwelo-moya ezonga kakhulu wayedla nokuba ithagethi noqeqesho, okanye iziqhushumbisi eziphaphazelayo. Kwakunjalo yokuqala kwenkulungwane XX, kwaye sikhundla iya kuhlala injalo de ekupheleni kwenkulungwane (zamadoda kwisiphekepheke). ilahleko Air kwi eVietnam yanyanzela iinkokheli ntlanu ukuba bacinge malunga zokunciphisa ngayo iingxwelerha. efanayo izizathu ezenze ukuba ukuqalisa uphuhliso kulawulwa ukusuka izibonelelo Aviation emhlabeni abaqulunqi-mveliso yakwaSirayeli.

ngezigaba UAVs

Ngelo lokuqala lophuhliso kule klasi Aerotechnica drones baba olungalawulwayo. Kwezobuchwepheshe mbuso kunye software yophuhliso zavelisa ekuyilweni robhothi eziphaphazelayo ukusebenza algorithm elimisiweyo. Ngamanye amazwi, esi sixhobo kufuneka uqale ukwenza moya kwindlela bokungqinwa ukuphakama echanekileyo, ligxile izixhobo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yokurekhoda elektroniki malunga imeko yomhlaba phantsi iphiko, ukuba babuyele kulo esiqala kokwehla. Uhlobo lwe data zosasazo ngexesha benene esweni ufumana phezu emoyeni, kodwa yonke ayihlasela kwinkqubo yolawulo yabasebenzi, leyo yokulandela nto, akuyiphazamisi. Ngokuba zonke ekuhlengahlengiseni le ndlela, isiphathele isiphako ebalulekileyo. Yila inkqubo iza kubandakanya zonke iimeko kunokwenzeka, akunakwenzeka. Ke kwabakho Indlela yesithathu ukusombulula imisebenzi zolawulo - telemetry. Le elingwayo emhlabeni, ebukele imeko ngekhamera eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ingxelo ulwazi oluyimfuneko nokwenza izigqibo kwakunye selinge moya oluqhelekileyo. Le ndlela kuthiwa ukude-injini. Yena, ngengozi, kwaye esetyenziswa zokudlala, imifuziselo ulawulo irediyo, Noko ke, luyabiza (iindleko amakhulu kwaye maxa wambi amawaka eerandi).

Amava ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa obutsha lifumene nguSirayeli yoKhuselo Forces (IDF) ngexesha 1973 imfazwe. izithuthi yaqonda emoyeni zisetyenziselwa ubukrelekrele yokusebenza, kodwa ubukhulu enkulu kunye nobunzima kwezixhobo wevidiyo ngexesha yanciphisa amathuba esi sixhobo. Noko ke, loo nto kweli lizwe kuMbindi Mpuma ngaphambi nabani waqonda nethemba moya-control, nayo nokwadala impumelelo elizayo nabayili yakwaSirayeli.

iintlobo ngeentlobo ezimangalisayo

Exploration kwindawo isicelo akupheleli. Iinjineli isakhiwo emkhosini-mveliso American waqhubeka. Ukongeza malorazmernikov, bafumana isisombululo ubhalo ngokudala umothuko iinkqubo iirobhothi, kwaye nkqu abalwa. Kakade ke, aba matshini kufuneka ukuba ube mkhulu ukwenza izixhobo emakhulwini eekhilogram ubunzima. Size lomqolo esandisiweyo kwicala elahlukileyo. moya yaqonda ngekhamera yokucupha kunokwenziwa ezigqunyiweyo yi intaka okanye isinambuzane, umsebenzi kweli cala sele ethathiwe, kwaye umqobo lusetyenziswayo esendleleni yempumelelo - ukungafezeki imithombo yamandla mihla, okufanele kwenze intshukumo-onamacala amathathu isampuli kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa. Okwangoku, "izinambuzane" (lokoqobo) kundize kwexesha, kulinganiswa ngeeyure.

Ekucombululeni iingxaki zoxolo

Baba kwemfuneko, kungekuphela nje drones zomkhosi kodwa emkhosini. Amaxabiso kakhulu aphezulu (ngokuxhomekeke kuqwalaselo kanye amakhono UAVs tehnichsekih zinokubiza naphi na ukusuka kwenye ukuya amashumi amawaka eerandi), kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo kuluncedo ngokwezoqoqosho. Exploration kweemeko zemozulu, ukufuna amaxhoba yalahleka climbers entabeni, uvavanyo iimeko umkhenkce, icala andise umlilo emililweni ehlathini, intshukumo mlilo ngexesha mlilo, kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi basoloko kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa moya. Abaqhubi kunye zikagesi emngciphekweni ukwenza imisebenzi eyingozi, yaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo iindleko zepetroli kunye lixabiso ntaka-moya, kuba umnqweno kwacaca ukusebenzisa esebenza kude okanye aerosistemy iirobhothi.

Kuba ukhuseleko kwemida kunye nokulawula ukuhamba namhlanje kwakhona ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa drones. I-United States inalo umda elide kunye Mexico, apho yelizwe uzama ukuba sneak ngokungekho kungena illegals kakuhle esebenza, yaye okubi - masela zithwele iziyobisi. iingxaki ezifanayo zikhona eRashiya, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi. uncedo olukhulu kule ekulweni kwemvume kwakhona ukuba izithuthi yaqonda emoyeni. Kodwa eziluncedo zabo ezifana ingxolo ophantsi, isidanga aphantsi nokubonakala, ubungakanani encinane, kodwa amaninzi ebulungiselelini yokhuselo eli lizwe ehlabathini.

Properties UAVs

drones Military ezifumaneka esibhakabhakeni nzima ngaphezu moya eqhelekileyo okanye ntaka. Okokuqala, ukuba ingenziwa encinane, yaye okwesibini, bonke ubuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala ezantsi kwi radar screen, isicelo kule qhinga. Kodwa loo nto bonke. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inqwelo-moya ngolo hlobo kunokuba kakhulu kunye nobukhulu kakhulu. Inzuzo ephambili interceptor ukusebenza kwimo zithwala kukuba uyakwazi ukwenza nayiphi na impembelelo abe ngaphandle koloyiko ukuba ilinge liza kuphulukana ezingqondweni ngenxa ingxinano enkulu. Le meko kwenza kubunkokheli be-US Air Force ukuba wenze ubhejo phezu drones. US imali kuphuhliso le hlobo isixhobo eninzi imali, siwenze kunye eyenzwa kwamanye amazwe. Namhlanje kunzima kugweba iziphumo zeenzame kummandla moya fighter, ulwazi malunga ngazo incinane kakhulu, apho kukho izigqibo ezimbini kunokwenzeka, nokuba uvavanyo yimpumelelo kangangokuba kufuneka yimfihlo, okanye ke njalo kakuhle. Xa olu ngobuwena yesibini bha ngakumbi. Malunga zoloyiso eyakho ntlanu lula uthi, nokuba zisoloko exaggerates.

moya ukuhlasela yaqonda "nomzingeli"

Kodwa ke ugxininiso - impembelelo ikude. Olu hlobo isixhobo yasetyenziswa ngexesha lokusebenza nxamnye Libya (2011). We wasebenzisa hlobo luqhelekileyo, nomzingeli, ukuba iimpawu ngokwaneleyo okulungileyo. Kungenzeka ukuba athwale imijukujelwa ukuba zokudubula ekujoliswe emhlabeni okanye zibhombu ekhokelwa, phezulu (ngaphezu kwe-7 amawaka. M) isilingi ukuvala ngesantya iphantsi kakhulu. Ezilawulwayo evela kwizitishi emhlabeni, kwaye kutshanje wasebenza ngaphandle ithuba lokuqalwa qelele neziseko kummandla wase-United States, ngenxa links satellite. Olo lwazi zavyazannost ngamanye amaxesha usoloko badlale ezandleni komdla lamazwe phambili zobugcisa umxhelo. Ngexesha mission kwesimo phezu Iraq ngo-2008, enye "irhamncwa" ukunika inkcazelo nje kuphela imikhosi exhobileyo, kodwa amaqela abavukeli. Kwathi kanti loo nto ngengozi, emva kokuba kuthinjwe omnye wabenzi-silwe, lowo wafumana laptop computer kunye nevidiyo. Ukuze ufunde umsinga ividiyo esetyenziswa yi software iphuhlisiwe eRashiya.

Ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni, "irhamncwa" wabandezeleka ilahleko. We ndizihlisele phezu yiYugoslavia, Iraq kunye Afghanistan. eliqela aqhuzulwa ngenxa yokuba ulingo iimpazamo kunye neengxaki zobugcisa. Okwangoku, eli hlobo lokwakha ayikho UAV mfihlakalo. Nabani na nokuba ukuthenga ezi drones. Amaxabiso zixhomekeke uqwalaselo, nangona kunjalo, kunye nenguqulelo kakhulu wayengaphakamanga "zokudlala" singaxabisa kubuthuba bama-mzobo ezisixhenxe imali lwedola (malunga nezigidi ezintlanu).

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Drones onke amazwe

ubunkokheli US izimisele noludumileyo emkhosini nakwezobugcisa, ekholelwa ukuba umlo ubuchule ngxuba, ngoko kakuhle ngakumbi. Oku akusoloko kunjalo, kodwa nokuhlola amandla isampulu technical kufuneka athathele ingqalelo iimfuno labavelisi. Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi abahlalutyi emkhosini , kwacaca ukuba indima UAVs kwimeko imfazwe yokwenene sikhulu, kodwa gqitha kunzima ukubiza, nkqu umgama enkulu. Bona, Kakade ke, ukunceda imikhosi emhlabeni, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo impumelelo akakwazi, apho kuqinisekiswa ngokungangqalanga na isiphumo noloyiso amaphulo i-US umkhosi e Afghanistan kunye Iraq. Noko ke, amazwe amaninzi aye ujoyine ugqatso, injongo leyo ukwenza irobhothi eziphaphazelayo eziphambili kakhulu. Iimpawu drones bendawo kuxhomekeka imisebenzi baya nazo.

Impumelelo enkulu kakhulu eli candelo bobunjineli wawonisa amaSirayeli. Apha, Kakade ke, kukho iinkalo ezibalulekileyo yakuMbindi Mpuma imfazwe yeqonga. Imigama mancinane, umsebenzi wokuhlola kuyimfuneko ngexesha phantse real. Ekuqaleni, iimfuno phezulu kwi drones TTD ukuseka isantya sophuhliso kule klasi yezixhobo, kwaye ngoku bonke amazwe basemngciphekweni iingxabano zasekuhlaleni, zama ukusebenzisa amava kaSirayeli, ukuthenga izixhobo okanye ukwenza uphuhliso yakhe. Ezi ziquka Turkey, India, eBritani, amazwe angamalungu NATO phantse yaseYurophu yonke kunye, kakade, eRashiya.

Adventures of drones e Russia

Kubuhlungu ukuchaza ukuba uvavanyo olufanelekileyo amathuba kule klasi kwezixhobo kwilizwe lethu yaye ngoko nangoko. Uninzi impumelelo onomtsalane ezintsonkothileyo yethu emkhosini-industrial ezingundoqo wayo nangoku uyilo yiSoviet, nto leyo kuba iimpawu zayo zonke bagwetyelwe, njengayo nayiphi na ubugcisa, ukuba iphelelwe. Ngexesha lolawulo iSebe lezoKhuselo Serdyukov phezu drones Russian wasebenzisa imali omhle - engange billion amahlanu (malunga $ 170 million), kodwa ke isiphumo wathobeka. Xa amazwi umlungiseleli, nawuphi kuthelekiswa ngemizekelo amazwe izinto zasekhaya asiphumelelanga. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho kunye drones abangafezekanga ngaphezu ukungabikho kwabo ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha linye (2009) kuye kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuthenga wokuqala kwaSirayeli, yaye ngoko ke intsebenziswano ukuvelisa ezi njongo izixhobo sokuhlola.

Imali iyonke isivumelwano nenkampani Aeronautics yoKhuselo Systems wenza ngaphezu $ amahlanu ezigidi (iziqwenga 12). Le UAVs "Orbiter" alandelayo ezintlanu yayahluke ukusuka uqwalaselo eyandisiweyo edlulileyo, ngoko ke imali eninzi kakhulu, kwi-600 lamawaka. Ukuze ngamnye.

Yintoni enokwenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo amava kumazwe amaninzi yimpumelelo, kufuneka mazingabhidaniswa nezinye iingxaki isonjululwe kuphela ngokusebenzisa zasekhaya. iiyunithi Intelligence of-mbini ukusetyenziswa, luvelise joint venture anganika kuphela umfutho soqupho ye imveliso Russian. Kwathabatha phezu inkampani "Tupolev", leyo ijolise kanye ekudaleni isakhiwo lwefuthe moya Tu-300. Kukho nezinye iziganeko, isigqibo malunga nokuthengwa leyo yamkelwe yi iSebe lezoKhuselo ngokwesiseko kukhuphiswano.

Isixa-mali mali yabelwe le nkqubo kunye kwinqanaba uzobe olwenziwe kushishino wokhuselo yasekhaya ukuvumela ukuba nethemba lokuba kungekudala drones Russian kuya kuba ngcono ehlabathini. Okanye, ubuncinane, akayi bayavuma into nucleoside amazwe. Of umdla ezithile koomatshini eziyilelwe imfazwe elektroniki.

Nokuba ukusebenzisa njani na?

Management UAV ngendlela ekhethekileyo njengesiqhelo pilot umsebenzi. umatshini imali eninzi kunye nezintsonkothileyo kube lula yaphulwe phantsi emhlabeni, ukwenza kwendiza angenzi. Kuyenzeka ukuphulukana ngenxa kushenxa okanye utshaba umlilo akuphumelelanga. Njengoko-moya eqhelekileyo okanye ntaka, moya kufuneka azame ukugcina Imveliso esuka kwindawo eyingozi. Ubungozi, Kakade, hayi efanayo kwimeko "live" yi le nqanawa, kodwa kuphosa izixhobo ezixabisa ayikho imfuneko. Namhlanje, ezininzi izinto kumazwe, umhlohli kunye noqeqesho olwenziwe yabaqhubi abanamava ufumene kolawulo UAV. Ludla ayikho ngootitshala abaqeqeshiweyo kunye neengcali khompyutha, nangona kunjalo, le ndlela akunakwenzeka ukuba iqhubeke ixesha elide. Iimfuneko "pilot yenyani" zahlukile kwezo ezisebenza ngodaba elizayo isicelo sokwamkelwa esikolweni yokubhabha. Kokuba kucingelwa ukuba ukhuphiswano phakathi zicelo kwi elithile "umqhubi UAV" iya kuba elide.

Amava okubuhlungu Ukrainian

Ngaphandle kokuya kwi imvelaphi zopolitiko imfazwe kwimimandla esempuma Ukraine, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ezi nzame aluphumelelanga kakhulu ukuphumeza umoya kwesimo moya An-30 kunye An-26. Ukuba lokuqala kwezi sele ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ufoto lwasemoyeni (ikakhulu noxolo), okwesibini - kuphela ukuguqulwa sithwala An-24. Zombini ndiza adutyulwa phantsi ngumlilo militiamen. Kodwa kuthekani drones e Ukraine? Kutheni ke ukuba zisetyenziswa ukufumana ulwazi kwindawo abavukeli? Impendulo elula. Abekho.

Ngokuchasene imvelaphi sentlekele zemali osisigxina kweli lizwe kuthetha kuyimfuneko ukuba indalo kwezixhobo mihla, hayi wafunyanwa. Ukraine drones Nohlala nqanaba uyilo lokuqala, okanye izixhobo ezilula zasekhaya. "Deck" Abanye kubo eziqokelelwe-moya model elawulwa radio-, ezithengwe evenkileni. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenza kunye ngabavukeli. Hayi kudala kwi umabonwakude Ukrainian waboniswa kuthiwa waphu- ikude Russian. Photo, nto leyo ibonisa umfuziselo encinane hayi eqolo (ngaphandle nawuphi na umonakalo) ukuya ikhamera yevidiyo abasakhasayo indlela eqhotyoshelweyo, unako ukukhonza njengoko umzekeliso wamandla ndlongondlongo wamajoni "ummelwane esemantla."