YaMZ-236: iimpawu, ulawulo ifowuni

YaMZ-236 - injini diesel, cishe oveza OJSC "Autodiesel" yangaphambili Yaroslavl Motor Plant. Le V-ezimile "Six" uye waba ithandwa eSoviet Union, yaye emva ukuwa kwayo - yaye yonke ico. I-injini isetyenziselwa xesha lakalokunje ngeelori, iitrektara kuhlangana. Izakufunyanwa kwi efana nezithuthi eyaziwa ngokuba iNtonga yeGunya, KRAZ, phambene, Zil kunye itrekta K-700.

gcinwa eduze kule ndlela YaMZ-238 8 cylinder kunye YMZ-240 - 12 tsilidrovy. YaMZ-236 iye iinguqulelo ezininzi amanani ezahlukeneyo enjini.

History of indalo

Ngowe-1950 isityalo Yaroslavl wafumana umyalelo okhethekileyo urhulumente ukwenza i iinjini idizili enamandla ngakumbi, ezibe endaweni ziphelelwe yaz. Ezi Motors babeza kuba unamandla ngakumbi nenoqoqosho ngakumbi ababengaphambi zabo. Kwelinye icala, urhulumente wayefuna ukufumana jikelele lwangaphakathi injini yokutsha, enokusetyenziswa on brand ezahlukeneyo iimoto.

Phantsi kwenkokhelo umzobi obalaseleyo Isazinzulu USSR Makazizukise Chernyshova GD YaMZ-236 sele yenziwe, kwakunye nabanye yentsapho iinjini diesel elo xesha. Kwakhona waba iiyunithi kungekho ngaphantsi series edume for KAMAZ.

Ngoko ke wazalwa injini ukutshiswa lwangaphakathi, nto leyo nangoku kakuhle ukuze yaziwe ngabantu abaninzi. It sibonisa umthamo omkhulu, ukuthembeka, kulula ukuba lungisa, ulondolozo lula, yaye abaza kuzisebenzisa cheap. ubomi obude kunye maintainability kuvumela ukuba bakhonze ngokuthembeka kangangeminyaka emininzi.

production ngoku

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imveliso uyaqhubeka YaMZ-236, nangona kukho sele ezihlangwini YaMZ-530. Miqulu bathengisa Motors musa awe, kodwa ngenxa izenzo emkhosini Ukraine wayeka nokusiwa kwee-Kremenchug ibandla imoto izityalo, nto leyo wavelisa iilori odumileyo KrAZ. Kakade ke, Yaroslavl mveliso ezilahlekileyo ingxenye yokumaketha injini, kodwa imveliso akazange sehle.

Ukucacisa nezixhobo

YaMZ-236 abe yokusebenza sezingeni eliphezulu. Lixhotyiswe isilinda ezintandathu, apho zicwangciswe ngokunxuseneyo yaye engile ukuthambeka degrees 90. Kwamafutha unikelwa ngqo iziqulathi, oko kukuthi, uhlobo inaliti ngqo. 16.5 Ingcinezelo kwi umoya injini. I-piston unalo ububanzi of mm 130 emazantsi ne-140 mm lwalo ukulungiswa, ukuba ukufuduka-140 mm.

I-injini imvelaphi inyuselwa impompo yamafutha koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye injectors uhlobo ngomatshini, ezo ngqo kwaye enze ziphene kwi isilinda nganye. block intloko nganye isivingco 6 - 3 3 owongozelelweyo iplagi.

inkqubo sokupholisa - ulwelo ngenkani ukujikeleza, oluqhutywa ngokusebenzisa sokumpompa amanzi. Le actuator yi ibhanti yokubolekisana nempompo pulley yi-pulley crankshaft.

YaMZ-236 ngaba inobunzima seelitha ezili-11 Amanzi amandla ukusuka 150 ukuya 420 enjini. Kule ndlela yokugqibela, kuye kwanda ukuya 500 hp Ngokunxulumene amaxabiso aphezulu kubavelisi amafutha YaMZ-236, umlinganiselo ukuhamba leyo Iilitha ezingama-40 kwi-100 km, eli nani lincitshiswe ku-25 l.

Isityalo kwamandla eyinhloko ekutyhidweni yentsimbi de 2010, de kwagqitywa ekubeni ukugqithisela ukuba aluminiyam, kwakunye intloko njengesilinda. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba lula inkqubo ukulungisa uyadika ezintanyeni iisilinda kunye honingovka zibe yechaneke ngaphezulu. Kulo mzekelo iyunithi block bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa owayesakuba amandla.

iimpawu eziphambili YaMZ-236 ibonisa ukuba isithuthi sele ulwakhiwo elula, bavulelele ukuba nokulungiswa lula kunye nenkonzo.

ukulungiswa

YaMZ-236, uhlengahlengisa olungenakwenziwa ngazandla, oko kufuna akukho zixhobo ezizodwa. Oku kuquka emininzi imisebenzi. Cinga zazo ezisisiseko ekufuneka wenziwe:

• Ukulungisa kwemithambo, elenziwe ngokusebenzisa uphenyo ezizodwa ezilungiselelwe YAMZ-236. isixhobo motor likuvumela ukuba wenze lo msebenzi ngexesha kokususa isiciko nesivalo.
• Lungisa bamba, ingakumbi, inkqubo ebizwa balancing. Kuliwa ukwindlela yokuma okhethekileyo.
• Ukulungisa ubonelelo amafutha ngokusebenzisa pump inaliti.

Yonke imisebenzi yenziwa uhlengahlengiso kuphela wokulungisa emotweni, njengoko izixhobo ezizodwa kufuneka, apho kunzima ukufumana egaraji.

inkonzo

Mkhonzeni idizili injini YaMZ-236 ilula, ukuba uyazi ukuba wenze njani kwaye yintoni. Khawucinge imisebenzi esisiseko efakwe kule nkonzo:

1. yokutshintsha i-oyile. Kudla kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise kuzakuthothisa injini ye diesel lohlobo M10G2K.
2. Ukutshintshwa izinto lokucoca ulwelo. Le motor iye okucoca eziliqela ekufuneka indawo yonke km-15 000. Esi oil filter, ukuze lidityaniswe filter element kunye amafutha entle zokucoca, remkoplekty wonke amacebo wakho okucoca.
3. Ukulungisa ngenaliti, ukuba nje - bevuthela nemilomo.
4. Ukufaka gasket intloko cylinder lugubungela kunye nentloko njengesilinda. Kwezinye iimeko, ukutshintsha pallet izinto ukunceda.
5. Retaining okanye ufake i namabhanti drive.

Apha, isimiso, yaye yonke imisebenzi yolondolozo, ezo ziqhutywa YaMZ-236. Yonke enye into iyatshintsha kwi wokulungisa langoku izicwangciso.

zokulungisa

ukulungisa injini YaMZ-236 yenziwa kuphela wokulungisa emotweni, ekubeni ke ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo. Ziquka neenqwelwana ezinjalo; ngokuba disassembly kunye nebandla weyunithi amandla kunye nezinto zawo, ukubambelela, ukulungisa kunye nokuvavanywa.

Kwakhona kufuneka nezixhobo ezizodwa:

• umatshini nokuchitha ufunde.
• Izixhobo ukugaya ipolishi le crankshaft.
• Yima nge yangasese ngenxa crimping.
• Scan ukugaya izihlalo izihlalo vana.
• Izixhobo zokufaka kwabakhokeli vana.
• Lathe kunye umshini wokugaya.
• Yima ngenxa yokucoca injectors.
• Cinezela ngokucindezela iibheringi namatywina.
• Argon welding, kwezinye iimeko.
• Esinye isixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa-ngenjongo nolungiso iinjini diesel.

Njengoko kubonakala ukusuka kuluhlu, kuya kuthabatha ixesha elininzi nqwelo kunye nezixhobo abanako ukuhlawula asizizo zonke yokuvasa imoto.

ukulungisa injini YaMZ-236 yenziwa ngokwezigaba eziliqela. Bonke bephela entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kwaye linoxanduva wonke iprofayile elimxinwa zobungcali. Cinga onke lowo amanyathelo ngamnye:

1. Sichitha. Mhlawumbi, ngoko ke kucacile ukuba injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi zezikhali usebenzisa iseti eyandisiweyo nomgangatho izixhobo kunye nompu ukuyilandela.
2. Ulungiso-loxilongo kunye nokumisela uluhlu lwe abaza kuzisebenzisa ekufuneka indawo.
3. Crankshaft ngokugaya kunye nolungiselelo block njengesilinda.
4. Ukucoca zonke iinxalenye kunye neendibano. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba lwenziwa kunye separafini eshushu.
5. Xa ulungele, elibizelwe ndawonye.

Inkqubo disassembly YaMZ-236 wathabatha malunga 6-8 iiyure. Ukulungiselelwa iinxalenye ukuba ibandla kuthatha malunga 16-20 iiyure, kuxhomekeke kubunzima bomonakalo. Inkqubo ibandla ithatha ukuya kwiiyure 36. konke kuxhomekeke kwindlela kunxitywe ngaphandle iiyunithi eziphambili kunye namacandelo kunye nendlela kakuhle balungiselela Inqanaba lokugqibela le-msebenzi.

Izicwangciso elizayo

Ngowe-2020, isityalo Yaroslavl iceba ukuba ayeke imveliso YaMZ-236, njengoko indawo ngokulungiselela entsha YaMZ-660, nto leyo eya kuba namandla ngakumbi 100 enjini, kwaye umthamo liya kwanda ukuya iilitha 12.5. Ngoko ke sihlala ilungiselelo classical cylinder kunye lwezivalo. Isicwangciso Innovation ukwenza pump isitofu elektroniki, nto leyo eya kuba Euro 5 umgangatho, eya kuphuma phezu iinjini zemalike zehlabathi. Kwakhona izicwangciso ukuqhubeka ukuvelisa izityalo amandla diesel ngokusekelwe YaMZ-236.