Yabemi eMpuma Yurophu. Inkcazelo emfutshane ye ithi ezinkulu kulo mmandla

Europe - yinxalenye yehlabathi, ibekwe Northern saseNtla kunye wenkunkuma kunye Asia lizwekazi Eurasia. On nommandla wayo ngokusemthethweni ingqalelo 46 ithi 5 asibonakali. Customary ukuba bahlule eYurophu izabelo ezine: East, West, North noMzantsi. Wayo yabemi eMpuma Yurophu kunye namazwe eyenza oko, kuya kuthiwa thaca ingqalelo yakho.

Iimpawu ze Eastern Yurophu

Kuphuhliso eMpuma Yurophu iphenjelelwa ngamandla kakhulu ukuba indawo okuyo abokukhanya. Ngokwembali, kummandla lo mba kwisiphambuka alwayo mabini alwayo. Kuphela kule minyaka ili-100 idluleyo, kucacile ithi yaseYurophu ziye zaguquka izihlandlo eziliqela. Amanye amazwe azisekho, abanye bavele. Zonke ezi nkqubo ekugqibeleni yadala umonakalo kuqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko.

amazwe aseMpuma Yurophu ube kwinqanaba lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho lingaphantsi koko yabo yasentshona "abamelwane." Noko ke, njengoko amazwe luphawulwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu yesazisi isizwe kunye nenkcubeko. Inani labemi Mpuma Yurophu kwesigidi sabantu 135.

Eastern Yurophu

Zokuma kwenziwa phambi kokuba umgca eyahlula eMpuma naseNtshona Yurophu, emdeni ngamazwe Slavic, ngaloo ndlela zichongwe eMpuma Yurophu, i nokuxubana. Kodwa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo wabiza ikhusi entsha kule ngingqi, ngokutsho apho inxalenye eMpuma Yurophu nakumazwe 9 kunye yingxenye Russia.

Amazwe e Eastern Yurophu:

1. Ukraine.
2. Poland.
3. Czech Republic.
4. ERomania.
5. Belarus.
6. Hungary.
7. Bulgaria.
8. ESlovakia.
9. Moldova.

Inani lilonke labemi eMpuma Yurophu sele uyazi. Uninzi nabemi bebekelwa eUkraine kunye Poland. I-avareji Ukuxinana abantu ngo eMpuma Yurophu - 30 square kilometre.

Emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, onke amazwe ezidweliswe ngasentla, ngendlela enye okanye omnye kufika phantsi kwempembelelo yiSoviet Union, enyanisweni, kuba idlale indima ebalulekileyo ukutshintshwa imida mmandla. Kuzo zonke states zeMpuma Yurophu kuphela ezintathu non-Slavic - yi eRomania, Hungary kunye Moldova.

Phantse onke amazwe zeMpuma Yurophu melene yokunqongophala izimbiwa, nangona yommandla lo uphela zibonelelo abahluphekayo. Into yokuba kukho imfuno engxamisekileyo "incompleteness" kwezibonelelo (kwilizwe ngalinye, isitokhwe ezinkulu elinye okanye amabini izibonelelo izimbiwa kunye akukho akukho enye). Musa ukunika ukuzisa imeko ukuya iindlela transit ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho ezininzi kucanda phakathi kuloo mimandla, yaye kukho urhwebo esebenzayo phakathi kwamazwe amabini.

Oburhulumente ngokwawo zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye ngobukhulu, labemi, umgangatho wokuphila, indawo njalo njalo. D. Fumana umfanekiso ocacileyo kummandla, ucinga kuphela abathile kubo, akunakwenzeka.

Czech Republic

Czech Republic - ilizwe elincinane elinabemi abantu abazizigidi ezili-11 (7% yabemi eMpuma Yurophu). Eli nani phantse zingatshintshi phantse iminyaka engamashumi amabini. Incopho Post-kwimfazwe labemi Czech Republic ngo-1991, xa kukho ukuhla ngcembe inani.

Ukususela ngo-2006, abemi urhulumente ebegqwese ukwanda, ubukhulu becala ngenxa abafudukayo ukusuka eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union. Ekupheleni kuka-2008, umzekelo, kwi-Czech Republic bahlala ngokusemthethweni phantse 500 lamawaka. Bolunye uhlanga. Inkoliso yabo abasuka Ukraine (31%), Slovakia (17%), kwakunye ePoland, eRashiya kunye Vietnam. Vietnamese (13%), Russian (6%), nezibonda (5%) kunye German (4%). I-24% - nezinye iintlanga.

Inxalenye enkulu yabantu - 70% - kubantu abatsha noqolileyo abaneminyaka eyi-25 ukuya ku-50, 13% abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15, abanye abantu - 16% - abadala. Ngumlingani yomthwalo iyonke demographic kuba Czech Republic yi 42.4%. Oku kuthetha ukuba inani abemi eyomeleleyo phantse kabini inani abo, okanye azikho ixesha elide bakwazi ukusebenza baze ukuzixhasa ngokuzimeleyo. Umthwalo kweentsana (umlinganiselo inani labantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15 ubudala ukuba abantu abadala) lingana-19% ye pension (umlinganiselo inani abadla umhlala-phantsi kubemi eyomeleleyo) - 23%.

nokwakheka kaZwelonke le Czech Republic kwi 95% bubonakaliswe Czechs ngokobuzwe. Oku kuquka ngqo Czechs (81.3%), kwakunye abantu naseSlovakia Moravia (13.7%).

Poland

Poland lilizwe inkolo kakhulu, kungekuphela nje kummandla kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kubantu abazizigidi 39 (leyo yi-29% yabantu, nto leyo yabemi eMpuma Yurophu), 85% bangamaRoma Katolika. Kanye Czech Republic, Poland uthathwa ukuba ibe nomtsalane kakhulu kubakhenkethi. Ukutsala abahambi amaxabiso aphantsi, kukho inani elikhulu iinqaba zamaxesha, neendidi emnandi.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, Poland wayekhathazwa nokuncipha kakhulu kwezoqoqosho, oluphazanyiswa umgangatho wobomi babantu. Noko ke, emva kokuba uzibandakanye neqela lamazwe yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye nohlaziyo kwenziwa 90, urhulumente waqalisa ukwenyuka ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku Poland lelinye lamazwe ezanda e-Europe. Itsala inani elikhulu labasebenzi ummi Ukraine.

Yamanani of Poland aya engaboni kakuhle emva eqale yelizwe kwi European Union. Isizathu yaba amazwe kwenqwaba yabantu abasebenzayo kumazwe aphuhlileyo kakhulu (ngelo xesha) karhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, sinciphise kwesantya sokuchuma, kuye kwakho ukuhla ngonyaka labantu, nangona amancinci (-0.06).

Njengoko ukubunjwa yesizwe, Poland yenye yezona iMono-zobuhlanga ithi ehlabathini. 97% yabantu Bazibona nezibonda nezinye iintlanga imelwe Roma, amaJamani, Ukrainian kunye Belarusians.

Romania

Romania - lizwe mveliso kunye nesimo soqoqosho olusakhulayo. Ugxininiso oluphambili kuqoqosho, urhulumente wenza i oyile (obuthi bubekho emininzi) kunye nezixhobo wokucokisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Phantse i-60% yabemi - abemi eyomeleleyo. Kwezi, 40% abaqeshwe kwicandelo inkonzo,-30% - kwezolimo, kwaye enye kwicandelo mveliso.

E Romania namhlanje waphawula ukuhla kwenani labantu. Isizathu sokuba nesenzeko ezimbi ngokwedemografi ingqalelo lokuphuma ndawonye. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1991, ukuhla kwenani (imfuduko) zenza i-18%, ngo-2001 - 25%, kwaye ngo-2007, emva kokuba eqale ilizwe yaseYurophu Union - 22%. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ilahleko ukuhamba ngandlela kuhlawulwa yi abafudukayo abavela eMoldova, ngubani kakhulu wafika Romania ukubanika ubuzwe. Nangona kunjalo, kunye 2013th lizwe akafumani zendalo ukwanda yokufuduka.

Ukraine

Ukraine - lizwe industrial-kwezolimo, apho abemi nje abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40. Twentieth Century lizwe idibene amazinga aphezulu ukwanda kwabantu e-Europe. Ngomhla ngamandla nempembelelo yayo kwixesha elizayo lokuQala iMfazwe Yehlabathi Okwesibini, i-War Civil, kwawa eSoviet Union kunye ntlekele kwezopolitiko, eyaqaliswa ngo-2014, zange igqitywe kude kube ngoku. Imeko ne labemi akuyona indlela engcono.

Hungary

Hungary - lizwe encinane kuqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ingqwalasela karhulumente ephambili yenzani zobunjineli ngoomatshini kunye noshishino. Inani labemi ngo-2013 yaba 9 million. Kwinani labemi likhula ngokuthe ngcembe, nangona kukho ukwanda negative yendalo.

mono-yobuhlanga Amandla inani eyahlukileyo, ngenxa yokuba uninzi abahlala Hungarians. amanani ebalulekileyo ye-Hungarian zokuphila zoluntu kunye namazwe yayo angabamelwane.

Bulgaria

Bulgaria - lizwe encinane kuqoqosho obuthathaka, abemi kancinane ngaphezu kwe-7 million (5% yabemi eMpuma Yurophu). uqoqosho Bulgaria uye bafumana amathuba amaninzi kakhulu kwaye okwangoku lehla. Eli lizwe oovimba amalahle negesi, ngokubanzi, ngaba izibonelelo ezinqabileyo kakhulu. Bulgaria yenza ugxininiso olukhulu kwezolimo (ingakumbi icuba kunye newayini).

Inkoliso yabantu uhlala ezidolophini, nangona inani abahlala ezidolophini ngaphambili Wakhula ngokucothayo kakhulu. Inani kakhulu kwabemi abaqeshwe kwicandelo inkonzo, ngaphantsi kancinci - kwicandelo mveliso. 10% kuphela yabemi abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo.

Slovakia

Slovakia - lizwe encinane elinabemi kwesigidi sabantu kuphela 5 (4% yabemi boMzantsi-Mpuma Yurophu). Ilizwe lithathwa kakhulu kuphuhliswa ngakumbi. amazinga nzile yophuhliso karhulumente kubonakala labemi - izinga lokukhula zendalo-2016, umzekelo, yaba 5.2 amawaka abantu ..

Ukongeza , eli lizwe yahlukile, kunye nokwakheka yesizwe: eSlovakia kwizithili ngaphezulu kwe-15 kunye enamandla eliphezulu labemi isiHungary, yaye abemi Russian abathetha bahlala ikakhulu kummandla Prešov. Slovaks ukwenza i-85% yabemi, ezinye iintlanga zimelwe beentlanga:

• Hungary (10%);
• Roma (2%);
• Czechs (0.8%);
• Russian kunye Ukrainian (0.6%);
• nezinye izizwe (1.4%).

Moldova

Moldova - ilizwe kunye nani eMpuma Yurophu. Ngokoqikelelo zamvanje, likhaya kubantu nje kwezigidi ezi-3. Kuyinto% 2 kuphela yabemi eMpuma Yurophu. Noko ke, kweli lizwe ezixineneyo kakhulu kwabantu. Ngabantu 131 square kilometre. Oku kokona kuxinana inabantu abaninzi eMpuma Yurophu.

Kwinani labemi lifinyele ukususela ekupheleni koo. Nangona, Ngokwezibalo, 15 12 wazalwa ufile. Inani labahlali Moldova kunciphisa ngenxa yokufuduka - abemi abaninzi isigqibo ukuzama ithamsanqa labo phesheya.

Uqoqosho ubuthathaka kakhulu kweli lizwe, ugxininiso iphambili kwezolimo, apho lithathe inxalenye enkulu yabantu (65%). Kwezimbiwa zikarhulumente kukho kancinane, kangangokuba izibonelelo kufuneka zingathengwa ikakhulu kumazwe angabamelwane. Nangona inani elikhulu ezinika, ukhenketho kangaka luyalambatha.

Belarus

Belarus - lizwe ubungakanani medium of elinabemi abantu abazizigidi ezili-10. Power Uqoqosho yakhiwe ngokusekelwe orientation lwentlalo. Kugxininiswa ukukhanya kushishino, ezolimo kunye nezobunjineli.

Abemi beli lizwe ngoku umi abantu abazizigidi 9.5. Inani labantu abafa likhulu kune nani lokuzalwa ixesha elide. Yabemi Belarus liye lehla kancinci ukususela ngo-1993. Inxalenye enkulu bakhona abahlala ezidolophini (67%), namhlanje eli nani eliphezulu - 76%.

Umlinganiselo ubomi lizwe eyi-72. Oku iphezulu thile kunaleyo elingummelwane eRashiya Ukraine, kodwa asezantsi kakhulu kunokuba kumazwe aseYurophu.