Xa wazalwa waza wafa Tiutchev? Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev: biography

Omkhulu Imbongi Russian Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev uphawu loluhlu olubanzi kakhulu abafundi. Uninzi imisebenzi yakhe eziqhelekileyo iintsuku zesikolo. Kodwa xa yena wazalwa waza wafa Tiutchev, engobomi nokubhalela iinjongo imbongi kaThixo, bambalwa abantu wayesazi, okanye mhlawumbi abaninzi wakhohlwa nje.

Childhood Fedor

Fedor Tiutchev Ovstug wazalwa kule lali, malunga 30 neekhilomitha emantla Bryansk ngo-1803. Le lali eyamisa elunxwemeni le Desna River. Lo mfana wakhulela kwintsapho wathetha kuphela in French. Kwaye ingekuko kuphela kubomi ebuntwaneni Tiutchev ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngokusisiseko usebenzisa olu lwimi. iileta lakhe uninzi amanqaku abhaliweyo kule minyaka ilandelayo, kwaye nabanye isihobe - zonke isiFrentshi.

Xa ndandineminyaka engama elinambini inkwenkwe ubudala yaguqulelwa Horace kwi Russian, waza wabhala umbongo wakhe wokuqala elinesithandathu. Abo ababemazi njengomntwana, ibhiyozelwa wit wakhe ngokukhawuleza, erudition enkulu kunye nesipho zemibongo, esele waba Tiutchev oselula. Ngokufutshane Education of Fyodor Ivanovich, sinako phawula zigaba ezimbalwa esisiseko noqeqesho yakhe. Ngowe-1812, Tiutchev waye anikelwa phantsi kwesa- entsapho likatitshala Semena Raicha. Ukususela 1819 ukuya 1822 wafunda kwiYunivesithi Moscow. Kwaye Ndandineminyaka eyishumi elinethoba wangena inkonzo karhulumente kwiSebe leMicimbi yangaPhandle of St. Petersburg.

Career imbongi, okanye Ukuhlala kwelinye

Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukuba wazi xa wazalwa waza wafa Tiutchev, kodwa ngaphezu koko, kuyimfuneko ukuba sithethe ngobomi bakhe, umsebenzi kunye indlela creative. Fedor soloko imbongi yobungcali. Wayedla Ulibele izicatshulwa yemibongo kwiincwadi. Maxa wambi kwafumaniseka emva kokufa kwakhe. Kwaye rhoqo Tiutchev akazange kukuba imisebenzi yakhe zishicilelwe. Wayengenguye umsebenzi imbongi yakhe. Kungenxa yoko le nto isihobe Tiutchev kungekho ithandwa kangaka, ezifana Pushkin kunye Nekrasov.

Kusekwangoko kakhulu, esemncinane, ngo-1822, wayeka eRashiya waza wahlala becala eJamani, ngoko kancinane eItali, waba ngonozakuzaku. Lonke eli xesha, Fedor incinci ngokwaneleyo kwikhaya wathetha Russian. Wayengenguye imbongi lula zobungcali, kunye nokuba ulwimi Russian isetyenziswa kakhulu kunqabile. Theodore waba ngonozakuzaku kunye nomsebenzi ozakuzo ibiqhagamshelwe, ukuba yonke yobomi Tiutchev, kuba ingxenye ebonakalayo kakhulu kuyo.

umbhali owaziwa zepolitiki

Kodwa Fedor Tiutchev umsebenzi aphumelela ngonozakuzaku khange umxhelo kakhulu. Ngowe-1841 waba wada wagxothwa kwaye bagxothwa iSebe leMicimbi Foreign. mpumelelo ephawulekayo xa umhlobo wakhe. Theodore wayeyindoda, uyakwazi ukunxibelelana kumaziko ngokwasengqondweni eYurophu, nto leyo wathabatha kwi ngokulinganayo kwaye eNgilani, yaye eJamani, yaye France yawona zopolitiko ezingundoqo ixesha.

Tiutchev wayengomnye abahlalutyi banempembelelo yezopolitiko. Kamva, xa iinkumbulo zabantu owayesebenza ngelo xesha kule nkqubo kumasebe zomkhosi amazwe onke la mazwe, kwakukho ukucaphula amanqaku bakhe, leyo ipapashwe koonondaba yaseYurophu. Bathi ukuba baziva ukuba lukhulu malunga ngembali yehlabathi yaye wabona kucacile kwiimfazwe elizayo e-Europe.

Akukho ngonozakuzaku umsebenzi kunye nenye yawona ezinkulu yaseYurophu nembali kunye nezopolitiko. Nantso into imperceptible Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev oko. Kananjalo kufuneka wazi ngalo. Ekubeni oku kwakhona yinxalenye biography wembongi. Kwaye hayi ulwazi kuphela xa wazalwa waza wafa Tiutchev.

Imbongi kunye namazwe

Tiutchev njengommeli Imbongi ngakanye kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba phesheya, waqala ukuzivakalisa iijenali kunye neengqokelela. Kodwa bokuqala kaninzi ngaphezu Fedor isayinwe. Tiutchev wazalwa ngo-1803, yaye ngowe-1822 umsebenzi wakhe nokubhala wachacha, yaye wathi shwaka kwimboniselo ixesha elide umfundi Russian. Nangona kunjalo, lo kwenzeka ngo-1836, apho wagqiba bayahlelwa kwimibongo Russian ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngelo xesha, Alexander Pushkin waseka magazini yakhe "Contemporary".

Ukupapashwa kwale magazini emangalisayo. Apha Fedor nangoko ivela njenge ubuhlakani imbongi obalaseleyo. Kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu wabona ukuba kwimibongo Tiutchev, esikhulu ohlala phesheya. umsebenzi lokwenene njengoko imbongi Fedor Tiutchev kwaqala ngo-1850.

Buyela ku Russia

Nangona yokuba iminyaka emininzi yobomi Tiutchev zakhe edibene kumazwe angaphandle, ekugqibeleni, kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuba 1850 waphindela eRussia. Abalisebenzisayo, siqulethe eziliqela izikhundla eziphezulu. Theodore wayeligosa izabelo ezikhethekileyo umlawuli, wasebenza kwisebe ukuhlola amazwe.

Kwaye kunjalo, ngeli xesha, bonke kulindixesha efanayo "Contemporary", elisuke laba yintloko Nekrasov waza wapapasha nobuntu ezaziwayo-kakuhle kakhulu eli xesha, kukho inqaku echaza umsebenzi kwezinye iimbongi. Kuquka Fedor kwaye ziqala-inishiyali zakhe.

Ekugqibeleni, emva kokupapashwa kwi ezingqondweni umfundi Russian wangena imbongi omtsha Fedor Tiutchev. Kwaye kakade ngo 1854 wapapasha ingqokelela yemibongo zakhe. Kodwa ke isimo sakhe mgaqweni kwisihobe gqolo ukuqhubeka.

imijikelo abaliqela apho imbongi

Ukubuyela kule mibongo Fedora Tyutcheva, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba bonke umqulu encinane imisebenzi imbongi nokuba uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu alinganayo. Le vesi yezopolitiko ezikhankanya kungafane kwaye akusoloko ukufunda ngokuvakalayo. Ngoko kukho bulumko, leyo eyaziwa kakuhle, yaye kulula kakhulu ukubona. Ke isikakhulu abantu basoloko kwenye nendalo.

Umjikelo lesithathu labizwa ngokuba "Denisevsky" umfazi Civil igama Fedor, unina ka-abathathu abantwana bakhe - Elena Alexandrovna Denisiev. Le misebenzi ziye kwi imibongo Russian yempembelelo kakhulu. Aba uhlobo kwidayari lyrical. Bavame kakhulu ukuba ngumntu othile. Ezi vesi zibe ibali uthando wembongi Elena Alexandrovna.

imbali Family of Tiutchev, okanye iziganeko ezibuhlungu kubomi imbongi

wathandana inkanuko ne Denisiev lathatha iminyaka elishumi elinamine. Yaphelela yabanjwa inkwantyisayo mbongi. Umfazi wabulawa isifo sephepha 1864. Le minyaka ilandelayo badla labasibekela ziziganeko ezibuhlungu. Phantse nangoko emva kokufa Elena Alexandrovna shiya ubomi unyana wabo nentombi ekwabelwana. Emva konyaka, unina wakhe wabulawa Tiutchev, ngo-1870 - Dmitri, unyana omdala.

Mhlawumbi, kwisiqalo ezi ziganeko, ezithi wambu nokulatyuza wembongi, Fyodor Ivanovich impilo yayisiba kabukhali. Kwaye mhlawumbi unako ukuphendula umbuzo abafundi abaninzi ukuba xa wazalwa waza wafa Tiutchev. Wazalwa ngo-1803 yaye waphila ubomi eliqaqambileyo zizityebi kakhulu, imbongi wafa 1873 ukusuka istroke.

Fedor ucinga yamaciko

Eyona nto imangalisayo yemibongo Fedor, kukuba njengenxalenye yobume lokuzazisa gqibezela umntu. Tiutchev imbongi unika kuyo umphefumlo, iimvakalelo kunye nokuthetha. Kuba ngathi ngumntu ngokupheleleyo. Ukunikela ingqalelo ngamaqhekeza ezininzi lwamazwi Fyodor Ivanovich, sinokugqiba ukuba imbongi usoloko esebenzisa amagama okanye iintlobo ngokwegrama uxinezeleko, nto leyo babengayazi kakhulu ukuva umfundi elula. Eyona nto kukuba akukho Tiutchev kuphela akudala amaxesha mihla, kodwa ngokwemiqathango kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.

Ubomi Tyutcheva Fedora Ivanovicha asizange sibe sifutshane, xa kuthelekiswa ne iimbongi, owafayo kusasa, ezifana Pushkin kunye Lermontov. Kodwa ke, nangona kunjalo, bonke bephela ebhalwe zingoma ngokuqhelekileyo zibekwe ngumqulu omnye. Kodwa oku unentsingiselo enzulu. Tiutchev ucinga isihobe, ngoko ke umfanekiso efanayo okanye ingqiqo yokuya ngenxa yemisebenzi ezahlukeneyo.

Kwaye umkhondo lyrics Fedor Tiutchev kukuba umfundi akanako ukuqonda intsingiselo yegama esekelwe kwindinyana enye kuphela. Kufuneka ufunde ezinye apho elo lizwi, uze kuphela uya kubona indlela ukunyuka ixabiso amandla, uze ethile sigqibo. Tiutchev ichaza kuphela uhlobo, ngokungathi ekuphuhliseni ulwimi ngokwayo okanye ukucinga in Russian.

"Ukucinga" isihobe Fedora Ivanovicha Tyutcheva similise yonke inkcubeko Russian. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wakha wathi umsebenzi Fedora Tyutcheva ayikwazi siphikisane. Ngenxa yokuba lowo akanako ukufumana imisebenzi umbhali, akukho ngqondo kwimibongo.