Wobuciko "Matryona" - umba kunye neengxoxo

NgoDisemba 1961, A. I. Solzhenitsyn laqalisa umhleli oyintloko magazini "Yehlabathi Elitsha" ibali Tvardovsky yesibini (ngokuba review). Yayibizwa ngokuba "Hayi ukuxabiseka ilali ngaphandle indoda elilungisa," kodwa phantse nangoko labizwa ngokuba "Matryona". Ingxaki nje kuphela isiqulatho semveliso leyo, kodwa egameni equlethe "elide yonqulo". Papasha ibali kuphela emva konyaka - in umba ngoJanuwari ka-1963, i-kabanzi kunazo ufunde kwi-USSR magazini boncwadi.

Licebo ibali

Nakuba ebizwa obuhle. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngezizathu ezithile nezigidi ezininzi amabanjwa zakutshanje kwiinkampu kuStalin kunye basemfudusweni Wayishiya loo ndawo kunye iqabaka enzima okanye iyintlango lwemozulu wabuyisa yinxalenye ye-European Union - hayi kwizixeko ezinkulu (ayengavunyelwa apho), namagxamesi kunye needolophu webutho ephakathi. Apha, phakathi ngobunono lenzwinini amagqabi ehlathini, kufutshane nemilambo cwaka wavela, dolgostradaltsam zonke kwakubonakala nice kakuhle. Sekunjalo ubomi, nkqu ezi iindawo akuzange kube lula. Ukuze ufumane umsebenzi akayi lula, kulula ngakumbi kutshanje, kwakuhlwa, xa nkqu owayesakuba ibanjwa ikiriva akayi kuthenjwa. Ezi iimeko bangaphazamiseki ngulo mbalisi, egameni mbalisi. Uve imfuneko engxamisekileyo izinto elula, umzekelo abantu bakwazi ukufumana ukusebenza utitshala izibalo kwisikolo emaphandleni, ukufumana indawo yokuhlala. Oku kwakhe "umsebenzi zamabanga aphantsi kunye nemiba ephakanyiswe." In Matryona bamrholela abazana nje, umthengisi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe ubisi. Ezinye izinketho andingqineki ukuba isihlalo engenanto waba kuphela ixhegwazana. Igama lakhe Matryona. Wayithabatha ke abazana wabo.

umhlala-phantsi

Ngoko wangena 1956, eli lizwe litshintshile kakhulu, kodwa ubomi basefama wahlala amahlwempu. iinkalo ezininzi zobomi yamahlwempu post-Stalin era encokola yalikhanyisa uAleksandr Isaevich ebalini "Matryona". Ingxaki umfundi wakhe esasihlala mihla kusenokubonakala engenamsebenzi, kodwa kule minyaka Khrushchev yokuqala wema phambi lali ezininzi lizwe. Kolkhoz pension - ezingenaluncedo, vosmidesyatirublevaya (engange-8 ezitsha, post-uhlaziyo.) - yaye oko wayama umfazi ngokunyaniseka ottrudivsheysya ubomi. Laya kwiimeko, ukuqokelela ezinye isiqinisekiso ingeniso indoda ongasekhoyo, xa bejamelene callousness rhoqo sisiyatha uze ukungakhathali abangenabubele ngokwemimiselo, kwaye, ekugqibeleni, wenza eyakhe. Yena wafaka pension, kwaye kuthathelwe ingqalelo intlawulo eyongezelelweyo efunekayo utitshala kvartirovanie (Ignatyitch, egameni apho ibali libaliswa), ukuba iqhubeke yazuza ngemilinganiselo ezisemaphandleni, ubukhulu omkhulu - (. Emva 1961 18 engange) kangangoko ikhulu elinamanci asibhozo engange - "kufa ayikho imfuneko ".

Kwaye ke nja- imoto ...

nja-

Ewe, olu hlobo yesibaso isoloko isetyenziswa ukufudumeza kwiindawo sezulu afumileyo. Kubonakala ukuba kufuneka ngokwaneleyo wonke umntu, kodwa ubunyani ezinzima baloo mashumi angamahlanu Soviet waziva ukunqongophala yonke into efunekayo ukuze abantu. Le meko ubukhulu becala ugcinwe ngexesha leSoviet. I-High Field of isonka hayi esibhakiweyo, imveliso azithengiswa, konke oko kwakufuneka tsala ezingxoweni ukusuka kwiziko lwengingqi. Kodwa, ukongeza kubonelela abemi ezityiwayo, A. I. Solzhenitsyn usixelela ngenye into ebalulekileyo ebomini yasemaphandleni kwibali "Matryona". ukufudumeza umba ubunkokheli kwifama ezidityanelweyo sele kudlule ngokupheleleyo kwi kubahlali elalini, kwaye wagqiba wena, yaye njani: ubusela nja-. Ignatich ngokungazi babekholelwa ukuba ilori amafutha - oko okuninzi, ukuba kuya kwanela ukuba yonke ubusika, kodwa eneneni efunekayo kathathu kwangangoko. Nja- yayiqhubeka bonke abafazi lali - lobungozi ukubanjwa, ifihla yabiwa usihlalo ukuba imfudumalo ekhayeni lakho, Kakade, ukuthatha unyango.

impilo Personal

indlu Matrona yenkampani esihle, kanye ikhaliphileyo, kodwa ukususela amaxesha ngamaxesha kunye nokungabikho kwezandla oyindoda ababeze kurhulumente esihle. Imbali mhlaba lisukela emva kokuba i-revolution. Umnikazi nditshatile, mna ndahlala apha ixesha elide, wazala abantwana abathandathu, akukho namnye kubo asinda. Matrona Umtshana waphakamisa waba yintombi yakhe, wayibamba kwintsapho enkulu ozalana nendoda yakhe. Kwakukho backstory: ukuba umtshakazi, yena wayeza kuhamba ngenxa Thaddeus, "divirya" zakhe ngoku kodwa zange isebenze ngaphandle. Lowo engena elingekho waseJamani, yaye akazange alinde, watshata umninawa wakhe. kamva Thaddeus wabonisa phezulu, waba nomsindo kunene, kodwa wahlala Matrona kunye Efim.

amalungelo ezinto abanazo ukuba imzisele ungquzulwano phakathi nezalamane kufuneka ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba uya kwabelana Matryona. Iingxaki iingxoxo ezisetyenziswa iindlalifa elizayo, iye yabangela ukuphikisana ezininzi kwaye zilahleka kwakhokelela ekufeni bhinqa.

Life nesizungu

Kwilali - ihlabathi ezizodwa, apho amalungelo nemithetho yabo ongabhalwanga. Matrona abaninzi bazive usisiyatha. Asinto ikhaya njengoko bezamkele phantse yonke. iingxaki ezibonakalayo kwaqashwa umsebenzi "Matryona" kuboniswe ukunqongophala inkomo ihagu, ngaphandle apho abahlali abakwazi kuvamise. Wagxeka kuye oko, nangona kubonakala, abanye babone ukuba ube eliqina ibhinqa ulilolo ubomi? Yena ngokwakhe kakhulu uqondakale lichaza isizathu sokuba le yokungakhathali. Ubisi emnika ibhokhwe apho kobuxhakaxhaka omxhesho ngaphantsi kakhulu (oko kukuthi akukho uyancuma nethemba yokondla umalusi, yaye impilo enkenenkene). Zezidalwa eziphilayo kwi mpuku lwakhe bahlala, amaphela iziqhwala cat ewe, apho kukho ezininzi - ukuba wonke "Matryona". ingxaki nesizungu saka yaba, kwaye ziya kubakho.

ukulunga

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula igama inguqulelo yokuqala ebalini. Yintoni indoda elilungisa, yaye kutheni le ngcamango Orthodox usebenza Sasungulwa ezininzi eziqhelekileyo abaphila ubuhlwempu, ubulolo kunye ezahlukeneyo kancinane ukusuka izigidi ezininzi abafazi abafana naye yonke eSoviet Union? Yintoni eyenza kube yahlukile kwabanye? Akumangalisi ukuba uAleksandr Isaevich wayefuna ukubiza kakuhle umsebenzi wakhe? Zeziphi iingxaki kweli bali "Matryona" Ekuvukeni?

Isibakala sokuba Marya ine phawu ebalulekileyo zabantu. Akazange uyala ukunceda abanye, ngaphandle kokwenza umahluko phakathi "ezilungileyo" "nokubi." Weza umfazi predsedateleva, eli nenekazi kubalulekile, kwaye aplomb ezifunekayo (ezingacelwanga) ukuya emsebenzini, "ukuze ancede efama." Akazange nokuba ungambulisi kuphela esazisa ukuba izixhobo ekubetheleleni kufuneka ukuba uthathe. Isigulane ixhegwazana kwaye ufuna kubonakala ukuyeka, kodwa wayezibuza ukuba yintoni ixesha elizayo. Ke zona abamelwane, ngoko, yaye akuyomfuneko ukuba sicele Matrona - kusoloko ekulungele zokubangela, nkqu siyihlole, nasenkonzweni yayo inxalenye besala nawuphi na umvuzo eziphathekayo, nangona oko kuya kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba buhlungu. Ignatich zange weva kukugweba wakhe umntu amanyathelo umntu, umnini wayo akazange ehleba.

ukufa Matrona

I "Ingxaki yezindlu" notorious ngokwenene emaxhobeni zethu, e, abantu abalungileyo ngokubanzi. Kwaye imisebenzi yabalinganiswa nayo ubunzima kule ngxaki. Kwibali "Matryona" Thaddeus endala Solzhenitsyn kaThixo waba Osisithethi ukunyoluka simaxhaphetshu kangaka kunye Need ngokugqithiseleyo. Yena akanako alinde ukufumana yinxalenye yelifa ukudlulisela, kwaye ngoku. Kunye nokwakha imiba ehlathini: ukwandiswa ixhegokazi akazange mfuneko, ufuna ukuthatha silahlukanise, uye kuye. Ngokwayo, ukuba umnqweno akukho nto imbi ngokungabi ngayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela apha ukuba Thaddeus wayesazi ukuba Matrona ayikwazanga ukwala. Ngemiba ephakanyiswe ebalini "Matryona" ezikhoyo ekuhlaleni, nokuba kwinqanaba yengeniso. Stinginess nikhawuleze, ekugqibeleni, kungakhokelela kwingozi embi. Kokubonisa sleigh nekhabhoni izinto zokwakha ndinqumle ekudibaneni kaloliwe, abaqhubi Uloliwe musa qaphela oko, waza wasecicini kunye itektala. Abantu bayafa, kuquka Matrona, yazeka njengesiqhelo ukunceda.

Imingcwabo kunye nezikhumbuzo

psychology ezichuliweyo, isigqebelo nkqu uburharha nezibuhlungu ezikhoyo kule ndawo ntle kunye umlinganiswa oyintloko kweli bali "Matryona". Iingxaki iimpikiswano ngokufihlisa kwiNcwadi yesiJwili yomngcwabo, nesijwili, abalinganiswa ezahlukileyo decoded yi nokucacisa injongo yawo. Umfundi akanako ukunceda abe lihlazo ukuba phezu ibhokisi kalukhuni, ndoxelelwa ngubani elixholwe Matrona, abasetyhini ngexesha ubomi okulungileyo ongenabubi, ayitshayele ulwazi kangaka ephucukileyo kunye intriganskie kwemali. Kukho, ngoko ke, nabantu bonke abamthandayo lowo ungasekhoyo, bayakhala ngokunyanisekileyo. Thaddeus kweso uxakekile: yena ngokukhawuleza kwakufuneka ukuba ipropati de loo nto, waza "uyayisombulula le ngxaki", ukugcina up ngumzila, apho, njengoko kudla kunjalo, yagqitywa isidlo phantse evuya. Konke oku kule ndawo yokuqala ityhila iingxaki yokuziphatha.

Kulo bali "Matryona", njengoko kwezinye imisebenzi A. I. Solzhenitsyna, umbhali bahlanganisane ingcaphukiso kokungelutho, isimo sengqondo self-bakhonza ebomini kunye ukukholelwa nje isiqalo esihle.