Vera Davidova - eSoviet opera: engobomi, olunomdla, ubuchule

Singer Vera Davidova waphila ubomi elide kakhulu. Ngelishwa, ibali phantse igcinwe ilizwi lakhe, kodwa kubonakale uhlala abaphulaphuli ababekhe ukwazi ngazo. Igama lakhe ngoku rhoqo kukhunjulwa ecaleni ukukhankanywa Stalin, nangona kakhulu ubulungisa. Vera Aleksandrovna Davydova waba yimvumi ebalaseleyo ufanele ukuhlala kwimbali zobugcisa.

ebuntwaneni

Wazalwa opera star elizayo Vera Davydova Septemba 17, 1906 ngo Nizhny Novgorod kwintsapho unguwo. hlobo yomama anyukele Pozharsky, nayo entsatsheni babengabarhwebeli, kodwa akukho namnye wakha nayiphi ngokunxulumene zobugcisa. Usapho wayenabantwana abahlanu. Uyise isoloko yalahleka Nizhny Novgorod Fair, nabo bonke balondolozelwe kuzo abantwana babeke phezu emagxeni nonina. Ekugqibeleni, umama nako ukumelana Ukholo, liye laqokelela abantwana yaye wafudukela eMpuma Ekude, apho watshata. It Utata wabona i amantombazana musicality engaqhelekanga kwaye wanyanzelisa ukuba waqalisa ukufunda umculo.

Ngowe-1912, uVera waya esikolweni kwaye ngaxeshanye izifundo ipiyano kunye nomculo. Esikolweni, yena kuqala kwamfikela ndawo. Xa East Far wahlasela War Civil, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Vera e Blagoveshchensk. Kukho diva elizayo waya kufunda umculo kunye nomdlali L. Kuksinskoy. Wahlela Ukholo odlala ekwayaleni komzi yecawa.

iminyaka yokufunda

Kweempumelelo abasetyhini nomculo mkhulu, xa weva ukuba esixekweni kunye utyelelo kwi edumileyo opera A. Labinskiy yaye bekwacelwa ukuba aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe. Yaye ngowe-1924, Vera Davidova wathumela iLeningrad ukuze ufumane imfundo. Glazunov, esenza nokuhlola kwi iLeningrad Conservatory, yahlaselwa ngamandla kunye nobuhle nelizwi Ukholo, ngoko uye walungiselela inkxaso ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kwaye ekwindla ka-1924 Davidov wabona igama lakhe kuluhlu abafundi somculo. NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Wafunda eklasini E. Devos-Soboleva, waya kwiiklasi eziqhutyelwa opera studio ka I. Ershov. Ngenxa ikhosi yokuqala yayo zidluliselwe nangoko kwesesithathu kuba nempumelelo ekusunguleni inkqubo yoqeqesho.

ekuqaleni wendlela

Emva ngemihla yakhe umfundi Vera Davidova wangenela eqongeni edume laseKirov Ballet. Enza umsebenzi page umdlalo e-Urbana opera "Les Huguenot." Emva kokuphumelela somculo ngo-1930 Ukukholelwa kwiminyaka emibini wasebenza athile kwi laseKirov Theatre, apho wayenza iindima uMarta "Khovanshchina" kunye Amneris kwi "Aida" kwaye wayecula kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo seemodyuli ezininzi iinxalenye opera zakudala.

opera career

Ngowe-1932, uVera Davidova, i-opera kunye unique mezzo-nezendlela, wamenywa ukuba Bolshoi Theatre. Bt iqela lo oculayo eqongeni iphambili lizwe yaba Amneris kwi opera "Aida". Emva koko, omnye emva komnye, ilandelwe onke amaqela ukutyeba yaba nkulu opera ehlabathini: Lyubava ngo "Sadko", Lyubasha ngo "I Tsar xa uMtshakazi", Marfa ngo "Khovanshchina" Aksinya ngo "Makube aqukuqela i Don", Marina Mniszek ngo "Boris Godunov". Kodwa iqela yayo engundoqo kunye ezibalaseleyo waba uCarmen. Ukugxeka iingcali opera wavuma ukuba Davidov Yayi ngamaxhesha Carmen eqongeni eSoviet.

Ngexesha lemfazwe, imvumi iye babalekela Tbilisi, apho wayecula endlwini opera, kunye kule minyaka waquqa e Azerbaijan, kwi kwizibhedlele kuLwandle Black, eArmenia. umsebenzi wakhe kuye kwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu akabanga okhuphisana. Davidov wayesebenza kule Bolshoi de 1956.

Uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wahambela kumazwe angaphandle, igama layo wayesaziwa kakuhle Finland, Norway, iHungary, Sweden.

Kuba ukubulawa Davydova yaba idibanise efanelekileyo emangalisayo ingoma ethi olibambela. Abahlalutyi wabhala ukuba Vera Alexandrovna akazange kuphela ubuchule obubalaseleyo, kodwa data omdlali obalaseleyo kaThixo. amaqhawekazi bayo wambetha amava enzulu ukuqhama engakholelekiyo.

egumbini umculo

Ngaphandle opera Davydova bachitha ixesha elininzi kwimisebenzi abulawe egumbini. Ngowe-1944, wayenza umjikelo "romance Russian ukusuka imvelaphi yalo namhlanje", eziquka imisebenzi 200, ukusukela amaculo kwenkulungwane ye-17 kunye nesiphelo kunye noluntu omncinane-Ndiyayazi imisebenzi Glier, Myaskovsky, Shaporin. Kwakhona kufakwa ekwakhiweni inkqubo Rimsky-Korsakoff kunye S.Rakhmaninov.

Abahlalutyi waphawula ukuba intsebenzo Vera Alexandrovna ezahlukeneyo capture umlinganiswa yodidi, nomoya walo umculo ezintsonkothileyo. ingoma nganye, wenza Davydova, kuyacaciswa ngenyameko i-encinane ibali apho ilizwi imvumi elikhulu ugxininise intsingiselo umsebenzi. A impumelelo enkulu phakathi abaphulaphuli lanele uVera Alexandrovna program, kuquka imisebenzi yi Grieg, Sinding, Sibelius kunye nezinye abaqambi evela yaseScandinavia.

Ubomi Georgia

Emva kokuphuma Bolshoi Theatre ngo-1956, Vera Alexandrovna kunye nomyeni wakhe bafudukela Tbilisi. Apha, yena kuye ukusebenza ukususela ngo-1959 e Tbilisi State Conservatory. Kule minyaka zokufundisa Davydova luvelise kwabeMi amagcisa ezibalaseleyo, kuquka Maklavu Kasrashvili, odlala le Bolshoi Theatre, Artist Abantu ngayo USSR. Ngowe-1964, Davydova wawongwa kwisihloko uprofesa e Conservatory. Usebenze kunye nabafundi Chinese, ngubani ngokukodwa weza eSoviet Union ukuba bagqwese ndifane esikolweni opera Soviet. E Tbilisi, Vera Alexandrovna waphila de ukufa kwakhe.

Lona kanye memory

Ngelishwa, ukuba wasinda kancinane yelizwi magic orekhodiweyo Vera Davidova. Namhlanje uyakwazi ukumamela urekhodo ngo-1937 opera Bizet kaThixo "Carmen" opera ngu Tchaikovsky "Mazepa" (post-1948), Verdi kaThixo "Aida" (1952), NA Rimsky-Korsakov kaThixo "Sadko" (1952).

Imvumi akazange awulibale ilizwe lwakhe lweenkobe. Xa imbeko 105 lokuzalwa ku Nizhny Novgorod sokunikezela ngokuhlwa kwinkumbulo ka Vera Davidova, ngowe-2012, emva kokuba ibibanjiwe ikonsathi yakhe, apho wacula kwiindima opera ozithandayo kunye bothando.

Awards kunye namagama

Vera Davidova anikezelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo italente yakhe ebalaseleyo. Uye wawongwa Stalin Prize izihlandlo ezithathu. Ngowe-1937, uye wawongwa isihloko "Artist abazukileyo RSFSR," ngowe-1951 wathi wawongwa isihloko "Artist Abantu ngayo RSFSR". Xa siphila e Tbilisi, waba umnini kwesihloko "Artist Abantu ngayo Georgian SSR". Vera Alexandrovna bawongwa iimbasa ezininzi, iLabour Red Banner kunye "njengebheji yobuqhawe".

impilo Personal

Vera Alexandrovna watshata xa wafundiswa iLeningrad Conservatory, kunye imvumi abanetalente ukususela eGeorgia nguDmitry Mchelidze. Kunye isibini baye bahlala phantse iminyaka engama-60. NguDmitry Semenovich bass obalaseleyo, wacula kwi Mariinsky Theatre, kwaye ngoko ke sibini beza ndawonye Bolshoi Theatre. Ngowe-1950 waba yintloko qembu lwe yeqonga. Ngowe-1951 nguDmitry kudluliselwa ukusebenza e Tbilisi, waya emva kwakhe kunye Vera Alexandrovna. Esi sibini wafundisa ndawonye Tbilisi Conservatory. Xa umyeni wakhe wafa ngowe-1983, izalamane wanikela Vera Alexandrovna ukubuyela eMoscow, kodwa yena akazange abe nobuganga ukushiya ingcwaba umfazi lowo.

Vera Davidova and Stalin: inyaniso nangeyonyani

Namhlanje, igama Vera Davidova amaninzi abamkhumbulanga nje ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, kwaye ngokunxulumene nomntu Stalin ngayo. Nokuba ngexesha umsebenzi umculi kwi nabagxeki Bolshoi Theatre elisebezayo emva kwakhe, yonke impumelelo yakhe zinxulunyaniswa kwabakhweli eliphezulu.

Ngowe-1993 incwadi yapapashwa eLondon ngu L. Gendlin "bavume oyinkosikazi Stalin", ebhalwe ubuso imvumi leyo. Xa Vera Alexandrovna wafumanisa ngale ncwadi, oku kuvele bekhanyela bonke izibakala ezaqhutywa apho. umzukulwana wakhe Olga Mchelidze ithi yintoni le ncwadi iye yabangela ukufa uninakhulu, ngubani na athwale i sisithuko enjalo. Olga, ngokutsho imvumi, ubanga ukuba akukho unxibelelwano phakathi Stalin kunye Davydova wayengekho. Ukuba kanye oko kuziswa dacha yakhe, apho kwakukho kwincoko emfutshane, kwaye kolu lwalamano ngonaphakade yaphela. Abantu ababehlala kuloo maxesha, bathi, akuthandeki ukuba yimvumi wayeza kuba nako ukusinda ukuba ayiphumelelanga inkokeli. Kodwa ke ubungqina obubhaliweyo kunye nobungqina ngokwenene unxibelelwano phakathi imvumi kunye Stalin no.

anika umdla

Vera Davidova waba ibamba of the Supreme yiSoviet le intlanganiso yesibini neyesithathu. Ngexesha Second World War, imvumi wanikela iikonsathi ezimbalwa, imirhumo apho bathunyelwa Defense Fund. Davydov akazange afumane isihloko "Artist Abantu ngayo USSR", bathi igama lawo yezintlu ewonga wambetha yi Stalin ngokwakhe.