Valproic acid: imiyalelo ukusetyenziswa, analogs kunye nohlolo

Valproic acid (sodium valproate) bobabo iqela elitsha noko anticonvulsants, ezahlukeneyo kwezo zisetyenziswa ngaphambili antiepileptics zombini isakhiwo kwemichiza kunye siseko ukusebenza.

inkcazo osisiqu

Le khemikhali yaye kuhlelwe ngo-1882, ngo-analogue valeric acid uGqr W. Barton. It iqulathe amaqela 2 aqingqiweyo. Kuba amashumi ezininzi, valproic acid lisetyenziswa kuphela elebhu njengoko isinyibilikisi egalelwe ze-oganikhi khompawundi ezahlukeneyo. Protivosudorzhnye iimpahla zazo esafunyanwa yi ngokuba liphiko.

Valproic acid into elulwelo nengafihliyo kwiqondo lobushushu igumbi. Ngaloo ndlela ikwazi zakudibana isiseko ezifana sodium hayidroksayidi okanye wemagniziyam valproate ukwenza ityuwa, nto leyo into eqinileyo. Le eziphathekayo, enyanisweni, 2-propylvaleric acid kunye netyuwa walo sodium. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye antiepileptics, iluphawu nitrogen-free ezimbaxa. Indlela yokusebenza kwalo acid kunye neetyuwa yayo, ezinxulumene kunye nempembelelo ethile nethe gamma-aminobutyric acid, i inhibitor le enzyme transferase.

Imixube leyo ubunjwe valproic acid, kwaye bewuhlisele asabela iindawo mafutha excitatory convulsive zobuchopho. Oku kungenxa yokuba iziyobisi kwandisa umxholo gamma-aminobutyric acid kwi izakheko luvo. Valproic acid, nto leyo ebonisa amanqaku ngempumelelo yayo anticonvulsant kwi unyango kweemeko ezinxulumene iqela asidi okunamafutha.

Iimpawu valproic acid, analogue yayo

Valproic acid, nto leyo echaza umyalelo neziphumo zayo ezintsonkothileyo phezu kwabantu, iveliswa phantsi amagama ahlukeneyo. Amachiza aziwa kakhulu, nto leyo iquka into kukuthi "Depakine," "Konvuleks", "Konvulsofin", "Orfilin", "Deprakin", "epilation", "Everiden", "Enkorat", "Apilepsin", "valparin XP "," Dipromal ". Amaxwebhu oyidlayo ogqityiweyo mhlawumbi ngohlobo acid okanye isodium yayo ityuwa, eyaziwa ngokuba sodium valproate. Umsebenzi eli chiza akayi lifinyele. Valproic acid, analogue kuzo zidweliswe ngasentla, ezithathwe ngomlomo ngoko nangoko emva kokutya. Onke amachiza eziqulathe oko, kamsinya wendele. Kakade emva kweeyure 2 esiti uvela plasma. Kuhle ingene nge izithintelo zeethishu. khondo intsalela osisiqu imiselwa kulwelo cerebrospinal kunye nakwezinye bume lwangaphakathi abaninzi. ukubonakala kwayo fluid (fluid) kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.

isimiso ukusebenza

Njani izenzo valproic acid? Imiyalelo ukuba eli chiza asisiniki impendulo eqondile umbuzo wokuba yintoni na indlela impembelelo yawo zonyango. Oku kungenxa yokuba iingcali kodwa ngokupheleleyo ayihlola ifuthe layo utshintsho iipropati sodium channel. Kulo mzekelo, valproic acid iqukiwe kuluhlu kumayeza ayimfuneko ephambili zize zibalulekile ebantwini.

Igalelo kwabantu

Ayisetyenziswa kuphela ukuxhuzula valproic acid. ekusetyenzisweni kwesi sikhokelo amayeza kubonisa ukuba ngandlela anticonvulsant kuphela. Iphucula imo kunye nesimo sengqondo yomntu. Iingcali zithi malunga ubukho acid candelo tranquilizing. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iimveliso hlobo, oko inciphise ixhala, ngaphandle ibangela mioleraksantnogo okanye umthomalalisi. Oku kungenxa wesenzo xa ndizayo postsynaptic. Ngaloo zicinezelwa iinkqubo transmission uyibona luvo.

Lweefomu ezincinane sokuwa rhoqo kuphela ekuthatheni valproic acid okanye enye analogs yayo. Kwiimeko kakhulu ngakumbi ichiza kudityaniswe namanye amachiza antiepileptic.

Valproic sokuwa asidi

Le ukulungiselela lusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuxhuzula. Ngaloo reception yalo isekelwe phezu ipateni ugqirha lusekiwe. Valproic acid, imiyalelo zokusetyenziswa ebonisa ukusebenza yawo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo sifo, isetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko ngeedosi ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona, oko kudla emiselweyo, kunye sokuwa focal.

Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Valproic acid, umyalelo apho ukuqeshwa ichiza kufuneka ugqirha wakho kunye nokunamathela ngokungqongqo iirejimeni zamachiza, isicelo kwiimeko ezinjalo:

• Uthintelo yobunzima ezahlukahlukeneyo sokuwa;

• Iimeko convulsive evela izifo ezithile CNS;

• kukho Tic luvo;

• ukugula manic-edakumbisayo, akukho efanele unyango kunye neziyobisi Lithium;

• iimeko convulsive avela ebuntwaneni.

Valproic acid kunye nemixube eziqulathe ngayo, kufuneka kuphela ilawulwa gqirha khona. baya kuphela emva kokuba onke uphando oluyimfuneko kunye nengcali yovavanyo nomonde bakwazi ukukhetha idosi ekhuselekileyo nangempumelelo ichiza.

release Form

Valproic acid, ifomu release into eyahlukileyo, abenzi ezahlukeneyo ezitransparenti ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Amacwecwe, amacwecwe wawutyabeka, enyibilikayo emathunjini. Bathi ziqulathe 150, 200, 300, 500 mg valproic acid (sodium valproate).

• njengezingxobo 150, 300 mg.

• Amayeza (isiraphu) equlethe-50 okanye 300 ml beziyobisi 1 ml.

Ukuhambelana namanye amachiza

Valproic ikwazi acid ukuphakamisa nefuthe kwezinye anticonvulsants kunye iindlela protivoelepticheskih, neuroleptics, antipsychotics, lakhula, kunye notywala. Xa ufumana le iyeza akakwazi ukusela iziselo ezinxilisayo. Valproic analogs asidi ichiza, salicylic acid kunye anticoagulants nesiphumo inhibitory kwi udibaniso (umbutho) ziiplatelets. Xa lesitofu ethunjini le medicament leyo ngokukhawuleza iye yangena egazini. Ngoko ukusetyenziswa valproic acid xa idityaniswe nayo nayiphi na ukutya noko kunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo.

imiphumela emibi

ngamanye amaxesha medicament ibanga iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukungabi namdla, nangokubandezela iintlungu esiswini, urhudo. Ukuze kulungiswe le meko isicelo inwenwa okanye antispasmodics. Valproic acid kunokubangela ukudandatheka jikelele kunye ukudinwa, ngoko ke kunqabile emiselweyo kubantu benza umsebenzi onzima kunye nasengqondweni. Ukwamkela ichiza amaxesha kukhokelela ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo luvo, leyo azibonakalisa ngohlobo eloyikayo kwamalungu omzimba, imifanekiso uphuphu neziphithiphithi ezibonwayo, ukozela, intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ukuphazamiseka, ukungakhathali, kunye nemeko edakumbisayo.

Kwezinye iimeko, ukuthathwa eli chiza kukhokelela neziphumo ezilandelayo: ukuncipha kunye nokwanda ubunzima emzimbeni, ukubonakala negazi, ilahleko iinwele yethutyana, izitenxo sexesheni, utshintsho kwi hemogram. ziphumo bezingalindelekanga Onge kodwa emibi kakhulu kule abafumana kuthetha babonwa ukungasebenzi kwesibindi okanye nepancreas, ukunciphisa ekunqandeni igazi. effect Hepatotoxic Inokuba xa usamkela chiza linye clonazepam, phenobarbital.

Xa usebenzisa valproic acid kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba izigulane seswekile ngayo sinokuwagqwetha ngenxa ekuhlalutyeni umchamo, ukwanda nokuqulethileyo kwemizimba ketone. Kuba ekuthinteleni ingxaki ezahlukeneyo ngexesha unyango ukuqinisekisa rhoqo umxholo negazi yibilirubin, enzayim isibindi, zegazi count.

Izimo

Valproic acid, apho iziyobisi zithengiselwa ekhawuntareni ngaphandle kagqirha, uye Izimo kakhulu. Ezi ziquka:

• kwekhono zepancreas wesibindi;

• porphyria;

• diathesis sophele;

• isici;

• I ezintathu yokuqala ye nokukhulelwa;

• ithuba lokutyisa (ichiza ludlulele ubisi lwebele).

Ngowe-II III senyanga lokukhulelwa, eli chiza kumiselwe ngeedosi ezincinane yaye ngenxa kuphela izizathu ezinzulu, kuba unqumle ngumkhaya yaye zingachaphazela umntwana ongekazalwa.

Xa ufumana valproic acid kufuneka esweni ngenyameko ukusebenza ulawulo isibindi igazi ekunqandeni kunye zegazi udibaniso. Ngexesha unyango, eli chiza abafazi baba neentlobano zesini, kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuthintela ukukhulelwa, indlela inokuthenjwa yokucwangcisa.

isicelo kohlelo

Amalungiselelo eziqulathe le acid, zithathwa ngokuba nezikmu ezininzi nezahlukeneyo. ngeedosi ezingcono zikhethiwe ngamnye. Ukhetho idosi kwirejimeni kuchaphazela yesigulane imeko, ubunzima kunye nobudala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ekuqaleni ngethuba kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana abanobunzima ngaphezulu kwama-25 kg, yayisalawulwa 10-15 mg / kg ngosuku. Kamva ithamo ngeveki beziyobisi linyuke 5-10 mg / kg, lwalizisa ubuninzi - 30 mg / kg. Le idosi yemihla ngemihla yabantwana - 20-50 mg / kg. Xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba unyango kunye nonyango valproic acid kunye namanye amachiza anticonvulsant na licuthwa ngokucuthwa. Ithamo ubuninzi valproic acid akufuneki ibe ngaphezulu kwama-50 mg / kg ngosuku.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo yokukhululwa beziyobisi. ulawulo efakwa kubandakanya ukufumana 400-800 mg sodium valproate ngosuku. Ukutyhubela unyango kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kweziyobisi egazini. Ngokutsho analyses, uhlengahlengiso zinokwenziwa kwirejimeni yonyango.

Kombisa le nkqubo:

• Abantwana abaneminyaka yobudala eyi-3: Kwiveki yokuqala zesiselo 150 mg 1 p. ngosuku, elinesibini - mg 150 ka-2 p. ngosuku, kwaye eyesithathu - 150 mg-3 p. ngosuku.

• Abantwana 3 - 10 iminyaka: kwiveki yokuqala ukuthatha 450 mg, elinesibini - 600 mg, kwaye eyesithathu - 900 mg ngosuku. Ngokutsho kwenye ekufumaneni zeesekethe 300, 450, 600, 900 mg ngosuku, ngokulandelelanayo, kwiiveki 1, 2, 3 no-4.

• Emva kweminyaka 10: kwiveki yokuqala nakwisiselo 600 mg, elinesibini - 900, nangowesithathu - 1200 mg ngosuku. Ngokutsho kwenye ekufumaneni zeesekethe 300, 600, 900, 1200 mg ngosuku, ngokulandelelanayo, kwiiveki 1, 2, 3 no-4.

Yezigulane ngayo ngaphambili kunye nezinye anticonvulsants, valproic acid elawulwa ngeedosi ezincinane. Ngelo xesha elinye inani kwezinye iindlela lifinyele. Ukugcinwa uwadle abadala - 900-1200 mg. Valproic Acid, tablets kunye njengezingxobo leyo emiselweyo kwiminyaka kuphela emva 10, ubanjisiwe 2-4 ngeedosi. Kubantwana abaninzi njalo emiselweyo amayeza okanye isiraphu nalo eli chiza.

"Depakinum" (valproic acid)

On sale kukho iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo kunye acid, kodwa omnye ethandwa nguye "Depakine." Ezikhemisti, kukho iindidi ezininzi amayeza: "Chrono", "300 Enterik", "granules Hrononosfera" kunye nabanye. bonke bephela isiqulatho ezahlukeneyo kancinane esisebenza kunye ifomu. "Depakine" emiselweyo njengento anticonvulsant kunye neziyobisi mood-ozinzileyo. It imiswe kakuhle kunyango sokuxhuzula, ukuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo, ukuxhuzula indihlaziya-clonic ngokubanzi, myoclonus, ukudakumba, yintloko ebuhlungu. Kwakhona isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlungu neuropathic. Kutshanje, ichiza ziyaphandwa ichiza kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza nosuleleko yi-HIV.

Valproic idepho asidi

Phakathi iziyobisi acid valproic "Depakine" kunye analogue zayo ebezifunwa kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba asinto ibe nafuthe elide. Ukusetyenziswa kwale yokulungiselela kukhokelela ekuthotyweni nezihlandlo kukuvela sokuwa convulsive. kwakhona kwehlise namandla abo yaye kube lula ukuhamba. "Depakine" kunciphisa ingozi yokuba iingxaki ezininzi kakhulu.

Iinkqubo metabolization valproic acid wathwala iiseli zesibindi. Xa ekufumaneni izinto wesiNtu isiqingatha-ubomi malunga 6-8 iiyure. Amachiza Modern uyakwazi ukugcina xi konwaywa into esebenzayo emzimbeni iiyure ezili-16. Izinga kukhuthaza valproic acid kuxhomekeke kakhulu umsebenzi isibindi. Valproic acid, nto leyo ngokutsha malunga nefuthe ngakumbi entle isigulane ngasinye eyedwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba wonke umzimba wahlukile kwaye ubenakho ukuthatha le nto ezinye izinto ezinxaxhileyo kwisiqhelo.