URhulumente kunye ikomkhulu weRiphabliki besekhaya. Imbali, izinto kunye umdla facts

Russia - urhulumente ngamazwe, imimandla leyo thaca imimandla, unique ngokubhekiselele kwinkcubeko, indalo, nangeendlela ezininzi - kule inkalo intlonipho kunye nokuhlalisana esinoxolo lwezizwana ezahlukahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo - Respublika Altay. Zeziphi manqanaba abadumileyo kwimbali kummandla? Yintoni sisiseko kuqoqosho wayo? Ziintoni iimpawu kophuhliso benkcubeko zeAltai namhlanje?

Cinga ngokuba ekuqaleni ngesakhiwo kwamandla karhulumente weRiphabliki. Ngaba ezahlukahlukeneyo siseko ezivela ukusebenza kwezinye iingingqi Russian?

Respublika Altay: ephehla

I-Government of the Republic of zeAltai - kunye ngenkcazelo yekota - elinye lamaziko eyenza inkqubo karhulumente kwesi sifundo umanyano. Phantsi kwe siseko, ingqalelo icandelo kwezopolitiko, amagama leyo efana ngokubanzi nezibonelelo ahambelanayo yomthetho ezisisiseko Russian Federation, amaziko iqhosha karhulumente asebenza kwi-sikhokelo kokwahlulwa umthetho, kunye namasebe egwebayo.

Ukuba ukuchaza ixesha lokufunda kungekhona ngegunya, kunye nenye intsingiselo, oko kukuthi. E. Njengoko inkqubo yolawulo yezopolitiko, oko mhlawumbi kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i-Government of zeAltai Republic ulungiselelwe ngokuhambelana nomgaqo yokunika amagunya athile kwi Federation kwiqumrhu kwinqanaba kamasipala. Kanye njengokuba kuninzi neminye imimandla Russia.

Igosa aphezulu isakhiwo sezopolitiko kulawulo lwengingqi - intloko zeAltai Republic. Yena ukunyulwa ngokuvotelwa ngqo yabemi. Ngelo xesha intloko elifanayo karhulumente (njengoko igunya lolawulo). It iqulathe zezinkonzo ezahlukeneyo weRiphabliki besekhaya. Sobuhle iziko lezowiso lo mxholo umanyano - iNdibano State. Ngolwimi yabantu bemveli weRiphabliki, zeAltai, kuvakala ngathi El Kurultai. Xa lo Rhulumente le kufuneka ithembeke kwiNdibano State. I INkundla ePhakamileyo the Republic of zeAltai - nkundla iphezulu kuyo wesithathu isebe likarhulumente.

iyunithi yolawulo kunye nezopolitiko Republic of

kummandla isakhiwo lolawulo ezopolitiko 10 ezikhandelwa iindawo, nganye yahlulwe koomasipala, kunye ikomkhulu besekhaya. Le nkqubo lombutho amandla iyafana imifuziselo zolawulo iphunyezwe kwezinye republic yesizwe ye-Russian Federation. umxholo eyinkunzi - isixeko saseGorno-Altaisk.

Kumasipala ngamnye eyenza iyunithi yolawulo zezopolitiko weRiphabliki, iye Charter yaso, leyo compulsorily ebhaliswe nguRhulumente. MO izahluko akhethwa nevoti ngqo. Uninzi zamalungelo ziquka amalungiselelo MO, nto leyo ikhokelwe yintloko Ministry of Defence nayo kugunyaziwe wesigqeba unit indawo. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo apho inani umasipala engundoqo yezopolitiko isenokuba isakhiwo intloko-ummeli ngokomthetho. Umzekelo, kummandla Shebalinsky umntu elifumileyo zentloko yoMphathiswa lezoKhuselo, naye usihlalo kwiBhodi yamaSekela. Intloko kwisithili Ust-Koksinsky, yena, kukhokelela kungekuphela nje umzimba elimele ehambelana, kodwa ulawulo kaMasipala. Imodeli efanayo luyasebenza kummandla Republic Chemal.

Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo kwamandla zopolitiko kwisifundo umfelandawonye xa lulonke uyafana model yamkelwa kwezinye iingingqi Russian. Ngoko ke, ehlola iingongoma yayo engundoqo, sichubeka ekufundweni lweempawu kuzwelonke lenkcubeko kwiRiphabliki, nto leyo, i ngeendlela ezininzi ezizodwa.

kuqamba National

Phakathi kwimimandla ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe of Russia - Respublika Altay. zeelwimi zesiNtu kweelwimi, zibhekisa kwiqela eTurkey. Yena, kunye Russian, - elinye igosa ezimbini Federation. In the Republic of zeAltai nabantu - malunga ne-31% yabemi. Uninzi, malunga-60% abantu Russian. inani Appreciable abantu Kazakh - malunga ne-6%. Ukongeza, kukho inani elikhulu Ukraine zobuzwe baseJamani abahlala kulo mhlaba.

ZeAltai - abantu bomthonyama weRiphablikhi

History of the Republic of zeAltai umdla ngokuyintloko ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa uphuhliso iqela yemveli uhlanga. Eyona engundoqo amanqanaba ethnogenesis ye zeAltai, ngokunjalo nonxibelelwano lwabo yentlalo nenkcubeko kunye nabanye abantu. Enyanisweni, zeAltai - kodwa igama adibeneyo nezizwe ezininzi ukuthetha iilwimi eTurkey. Le ubuzwe inkulu - na Teleuts, Tubalars, Urynkhay, Shor, Telengits nohlanga ebizwa iyafana isihloko yeRiphabliki - zeAltai, kodwa eyahlukileyo kwabanye ezinxulumene kuyo. Kukho ngaphezu kwekhulu amaqela sub-yobuhlanga, ekuthiwa seok na. Bobakhe imiselwa, njengoko umthetho, umthi intsapho yoluntu. ZeAltai ukunxibelelana iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo. Ulwimi eqela zemveli nobuhlanga weRiphabliki bobabo ukuya Kyrgyz-kypchayskoy iqelana eTurkey neziyelelane.

Imvelaphi zeAltai

Ethnogenesis Altaians kuyahlukana nedlela mmandla. beentlanga Northern abahlala kwiriphabliki, kwakukho izizwe yahlangana Samoyed, Ugric, eTurkey, kunye Ket imvelaphi. Inzala kula maqela eentlanga zithathwa Tubalars. Ngenxa yoko, elingasemzantsi intsebenziswano phakathi zamaTurkic kunye Mongol izizwe. Ngoko kwakukho, umzekelo, kunye Telengits Teleuts. Ngenxa yokuba zeAltai kwizizwe ngasentla nangasezantsi enemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, yaye ngenxa yokungabikho kweendlela zothutho enkulu indlela efanayo ayikho ngokukhutheleyo zoqhagamshelwano ixesha elide phakathi kwabo wahlala umahluko ebalulekileyo imiba yeelwimi, zenkcubeko nezentlalo. Kumaxesha Soviet kwakukho ukuqiniswa okuphawulekayo qela uhlanga.

Noko ke, njengoko kuqatshelwe abanye abaphandi, ikakhulu abaninzi zeAltai ukuchonga ngokwabo kungekuphela njengabemi kummandla kunye yesizwe titular, kodwa njengabantu ethile isizwe, uhlanga okanye seok. Okwesibini, ngokutsho ethnographers, iingongoma ezibalulekileyo - ulwimi, nentsapho kunye nonqulo izithethe, ihlabathi izinyanya. Kwakhona, abaphengululi uqaphele, kuba zeAltai into eendawo ebalulekileyo, t. E. Indawo yokuhlala a luphawu ethile yentlalo kuye.

inkcubeko Contemporary abantu bomthonyama

iinkqubo ingakumbi esebenzayo, ezibonisa ukukhula omnye ubuzwe zeAltai abantu imvelaphi ezahlukeneyo yemfuza, lafika kwi-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Enyanisweni, lo mkhuba, njengoko abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa, ubukhulu becala kwangaphambili isibhengezo sibakala 1991 ngabasemagunyeni zesifundo ulongamo karhulumente kwi kumda, okuhambelana Republic mihla zeAltai Iintaba. Ndafumana ubume esemthethweni ulwimi ethnos lwemveli. Kuye ngumthetho leeholide zikazwelonke, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, uSuku Independence, kubhiyozelwa ngomhla ngoJulayi 3 okanye Folk umkhosi E-Oiyn. lebhunga abadala besizwe, okanye zaisans - Ngexesha lenkqubo, ebonisa ukukhula ubuzwe zeAltai, elinye lamaziko eziphambili zembali zentlalo kubantu saphiliswa. Ngoku indima yabo kuphuhliso lwentlalo weRiphablikhi ungathathwa kubaluleke kakhulu, ukongeza ubume amandla esemthethweni.

Not ubuncinane ekuphuhlisweni iqela zeAltai uhlanga abahlala inkqubo yokufuduka. Xa ngamaxesha awohlukeneyo ngembali bomthonyama mmandla zaye ihamba phakathi kweentaba nelasesithabazi. Ukuba iminyaka zophuhliso Soviet, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, abantu bomthonyama ukuba eziphumela sokungena ezintabeni, kodwa ngoku ethnos uqalisa ukuqonda ngokwabo njengenxalenye yoluntu yasekuhlaleni, ahlala emizini akhiwe emathafeni. A indima ephambili kule ndawo edlala ingqukuva yeRiphabliki - ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba, emva kwethuba ntlekele 90 apha wahlala kubaluleke ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi, ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho lwembono, izibonelelo zeziseko zophuhliso.

ZeAltai and Russian

Imbali zeAltai Republic nayo umdla kule inkalo yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu bomthonyama kunye Russian. Omabini amaqela izizwe ndawonye kwindawo eqhelekileyo, ngokwesiko nokuxhasa uxolo ubuhlobo. Kubomi benkcubeko weRiphabliki befumile njengoko umlinganiswa wesizwe imisebenzi, kunye nemibhiyozo Russian. Ezinye kwimisitho yabantu ezahlukeneyo abe oludla yenkcubeko abasenyongweni. Umzekelo, iholide kazwelonke Dyylgayak efana kakhulu ukuya Russian Maslenitsa.

Njengoko abaphandi uqaphele, intsebenziswano kunye zeAltai izizwe Russian yaqala ngenkulungwane ye-17. Kulo mzekelo, malunga phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-18 ibe inxalenye enkulu kummandla weRiphabliki mihla yinxalenye Jungar khanate, apho uBukhosi Russian, bungaba ezinobungozi kakhulu. Le meko ke, njengoko mbali bakholelwa, isithintelo elibonakalayo abafowunelwa phambili kunye namaqela Russian zemveli nobuhlanga mmandla. Noko ke, zeAltai wahlala na iimeko kuFeliks kwezentlalo nezopolitiko. Babengqongwe izizwe ubukhulu becala nobutshaba Mongolian and Chinese. Ngenxa yoko, zeAltai Zaisan - ngelixa ubume azo kubahlali kazwelonke saphantse yababephethwe ngabalawuli Russian - ukumkani wabuza ngummi. Ngoko ke, Meyi 2, 1756, loo mmandla zeAltai yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha, iintlanga zomthonyama loo mmandla baye baba ngakumbi ukuba basebenzisane kunye bakhaya Russian. Abahlali inxalenye yaseYurophu yoBukhosi, ukuba bafudukele kwiindawo ezintsha, endinomdla, ngokutsho abaphandi, amathuba uphuhliso lomhlaba olimekayo. Kunye abahla- waya kubabingeleli zeAltai Russian Orthodox abo benza umsebenzi wobuvangeli.

Omnye umzekelo umanyano lwabantu Russian kunye bomthonyama kummandla nga ozakuthathwa umhobe wesizwe weRiphablikhi besekhaya. Ungoyena ukhethekileyo ukuba thaca kwiinguqulelo ezimbini - ulwimi esizwe kaRhulumente kunye Russian. Noko ke, le vesi yesibini kubhaliwe kwathiwa kuphela besekhaya. Ngokusesikweni, umhobe weRiphabliki zeAltai yamkelwa kuthelekiswa kutshanje, ngo-2001. Le ngoma ubuzwe, abaphengululi bakholelwa, ubukhulu becala kubonisa ukubaluleka kunye nempembelelo ubuhlobo kwiinkulungwane ubudala phakathi kwezizwe ezimbini uxolo lwabo macala kunye friendly ukuphilisana, kwakunye amathuba ukwenzela uphuhliso oluqhubekayo zeAltai Republic kwiikota kwezentlalo nezopolitiko kunye nezenkcubeko.

capital

Yintoni umdla malunga ikomkhulu zeAltai Republic? Khawuqwalasele izibakala ezisisiseko. Gorno-Altaisk ise emantla-ntshona weRiphabliki, phezu kummandla kamasipala Mayminsky weSithili. abemi abaninzi beso sixeko - ngaphezulu kwe-61 amawaka abantu .. Imbali olusemthethweni Gorno-Altaisk, njengoko abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa, ikhutshwa phandle ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngelo xesha, le site elizayo kweengqukuva indawo yokuhlala encinane yasekwa ngomnye amaqela eentlanga zemveli le ngingqi, Teleuts. Noko ke, abembi ndikumisile inkcazelo ukuba saseGorno-Altaisk indawo abantu abaye baphila ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.

Ukuthatha ukuhlola ikomkhulu elizayo zeAltai Republic imi- 20-ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngokukodwa, ngowe-1824 apha baqalisa ukususa nabafiki Biysk. Bona waseka lali, ogama lakhe ngomhla olunye lweelwimi zemveli izandi ngathi ulala. Yaba yinxalenye Biysk kwisiphaluka Tomsk kwiphondo. uphuhliso lwasemaphandleni, ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, kubangelwe ikakhulu kwimisebenzi Mission zeAltai Spiritual. Kumashumi eminyaka posleduschego ulala abarhwebi baqalisa ukuhamba, ngoko ke dolophu yaba liziko yorhwebo ebalulekileyo Bijskogo County.

Ngo-1917 kwakukho revolution, waya bamandla qumrhu. Kuye kwagqitywa ukwenza kummandla apho lali ibekwe ulala, Biisk kunye nabanye abaliqela elime kule ngingqi, ukuhlaliswa kwabantu, ngokunjalo kwiNgingqi Ukuzilawula Oirot. Ngowe-1922, ulala waba iziko yayo yolawulo, yaye ngowe-1928 dolophu unikwe isimo sixeko. Ngowe-1932 kokuba uqambe Oirot Tour. Ngowe-1948 Oirot izimele, kwagqitywa ekubeni igama Gorno-Altaisk. Itshintshe igama layo kwaye likomkhulu. Ekubeni kuthiwa Gorno-Altaisk.

Gorno-Altaisk: uqoqosho

Cinga, njengoko ikomkhulu zeAltai Republic ulungiselelwe ngokwalo kwezoqoqosho. Kweli xesha yiSoviet, Gorno-Altaisk yaba liziko mveliso enamandla. It kwaku lweshishini amashishini ezahlukeneyo kakhulu - yokwakha, umatshini-isakhiwo, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, ukutya, ushicilelo. mveliso ifanitshala textile eziqhutshwa. Noko ke, emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR isambuku kwimveliso lavalwa. Omnye ambalwa aseleyo abo ngoku idlala indima ephambili kuqoqosho esixeko kwaye ubukhulu becala neempembelelo uphuhliso zeAltai Republic - iimveliso eziphathekayo yezityalo.

Ngoku ke ugxininiso kwi imali kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho isixeko obekwe kwi kushishino lwezokhenketho. Republic of inkcubeko zeAltai unembali ende, enyanisweni, idibanisa impucuko ezininzi. Oku kwenza lo mmandla yindawo enomtsalane kummandla ethno-tourism. Kukho uphuhliso esebenzayo kwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo ezifunekayo ukuze umbutho kweenkonzo zolonwabo. Yakha iihotele, iindawo zokutyela, amaziko imfanelo evulekileyo.

ukhenketho

Enye yezinto eziphambili umzi - phecana Elanda, ibekwe musa ukuba kude saseGorno-Altaisk. Kukho wadala indawo yolonwabo enkulu. Kukho izicwangciso zokwakha okwetyeli ekhephini, izibonelelo zemidlalo samahashe, uhlobo ezahlukeneyo kwezemidlalo ebusika. Amalinge anxulumene inguqu mmandla yaba liziko babakhenkethi, sele iziphumo nengqiqo. Kukho ubungqina, umzekelo, ukuba ukususela ngo-2010 kuye ukunyuka okuthe flow yabakhenkethi. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba imeko yezoqoqosho enzima apho elisaseleyo Russia, Respublika Altay kakhulu ukwazi ukuqala ekutsaleni abakhenkethi baqhele ukuba iiholide zasebusika eninzi nezinye iingingqi Russian kunye namazwe angaphandle.

ZeAltai - endaweni ekhethekileyo, kwaye ngokubhekiselele geography ngokwemigaqo kwiinkulungwane yophuhliso kunye interpenetration zeenkolo, amasiko kunye nezithethe zesizwe. Abantu abaninzi abaye batyelela apha, phawula ulwalamano olukhethekileyo abantu bomthonyama nendalo - kwaye oku ubumnandi kunye nehlabathi jikelele Altaians ngandlel ukuphatha ukudlulisela kwabanye, kunye namaqela abo angabamelwane yobuhlanga, kuquka iindwendwe. Republic of zeAltai Iintaba, nangona weqondo ebonakalayo kukwanda kweefektri kumaxesha Soviet, sineenkalo esikhulu ezingachazwanga kakuhle ngumntu. Apho, kwindawo ecocekileyo, ummi sixeko mihla Russian kukuba ukulibala malunga nemiba ethile nokucofa, ikhefu ukusuka sixeko simaxhaphetshu kangaka yasemzini. Yizani Mountain zeAltai!