Ubutyala Civil - amalungiselelo jikelele kwiifom kunye neentlobo

Njengoko umthetho, luxanduva ukuqonda esemthethweni yabemi lubonakaliswa ngezenzo ezithile, imisebenzi leyo aqinisekiswe ngurhulumente. Njani le ngxelo, ukuba iziko elisemthethweni ezifana nobutyala yoluntu?

Ingcamango yeTyala kuLuntu

Xa uncwadi jurisprudential kukho iindlela ezahlukileyo yintoni na ubutyala yoluntu. Kwaye, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ukwahlukana kwizizathu elihle okanye elibi.

Ngokutsho amagqwetha, phantsi yeTyala kuLuntu ngendlela entle kufuneka ingqalelo imo unetyala, apho uthembisa ukuba ahambelane nezibophelelo zawo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, liability yoluntu ngengqiqo negative, lubonwa kukuzalela izohlwayo unetyala ethile enxulumene ukophulwa kwemithetho yokuziphatha efanelekileyo.

Noko ke, kukho ukuqonda ngcono oko kuthethwa uxanduva yoluntu, kukhuthaza ukufunda iimpawu yayo ephambili, apho isikhundla:

- uhlobo olulodwa sezomthetho;

- a uhlobo uxanduva kuquka impahla kuphela isohlwayo onetyala;

- kulo mzekelo, lowo unetyala njengomntu kufuneka ohlwaywe (umzekelo, ukusebenza ngokuqhutywa ngebhaxa);

- yintoni kuba lungelo iyolala (personal non-mhlaba kunye nepropati), isohlwayo kufuneka kuboniswe kuphela malunga nepropati, okanye lowo elivelayo elikhankanyiweyo ngokungqongqo umba, okanye ibakala elilingana neli imali;

- ngokuchasene onetyala-otyalwayo zisekelwe ngokwemiqathango nokulingana.

Ngenxa yoko, liability aseburhulumenteni okhethekileyo uhlobo olulodwa sezomthetho, leyo ilingana umlinganiswa ubudlelwane phakathi otyalwayo kunye unetyala, kwaye iboniswa kuphela elingana propati.

Indlela yeTyala kuLuntu

Ngokuhlola kubo, sifanele sikhumbule ukuba usoloko ucinga usebenzisa ityala yoluntu kwekota ngengqiqo negative, oko kukuthi, Xa sele wenziwe umonakalo.

Science and nomthetho nesabelo iintlobo 3 yeTyala kuLuntu:

- ukulahlekelwa idiphozithi;

- imbuyekezo for ilahleko;

- yokuhlawula isohlwayo.

Ukulahleka deposit - kusebenza kuphela apho isivumelwano unika ithuba lokusebenzisa ukuba ube ngumlinganiselo ukuqinisekisa lungamkeleki.

Imbuyekezo yelahleko - ithathwa lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo uxanduva. kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba onetyala linyanzelekile ukuba abuyekeze otyalwayo kuphela umonakalo sele ubunzima, kodwa inzuzo kuyalahleka. Igatya esebenzayo leyo ilahlekileyo iingeniso ihlawulelwa kuphela xa ulwalamano labameli into yorhwebo.

Intlawulo ye isohlwayo yi luhlobo "isiqalelo ukhuseleko" kuzo zonke izivumelwano zoshishino. Kulo mzekelo, ujoliso imbuyekezo mali ngqo esithile semali kwiimeko apho efanelekileyo inzaliseko izibophelelo obenziweyo. Kwakhona kule hlobo kuyo kungafakwa unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule isixa esithile semali kunye ukusetyenziswa ngokungekho mthethweni kwemali ngamaqela esithathu.

Types of yeTyala kuLuntu

Ngokuphathelele oluhlobo, oko kulungile ukuqwalasela ukwahlulwa kwayo ngeentlobo ezimbini: non-kwisivumelwano kunye yemvumelwano. Loo ukwahlulwa iintlobo zobutyala civil ezifunyenwe ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo izizathu kwazo.

Nanjengoko igama layo lixela, ubutyala zezivumelwano isekelwe becala ikhontrakthi kunye neemeko zazo. Le nyaniso kubalulekile, ekubeni umbhalo sivumelwano ngokwawo simisela into eyenza ukugxojwa, liability apho amatyala yaye yintoni mali iya kubalwa. kuvela ubutyala Non-yesivumelwano evela tort nokwandiswa nabangalungisiyo.

Kwakhona, kukho ezinye ukuhlelwa:

- inani labathabathi-nxaxheba yi onetyala - Equity, yobumbano kunye subsidiarity;

- umgca amanyathelo kunye exutyiweyo - kuxhomekeke ubani olimeleyo.

Njengoko sibonile, iziko zobutyala yoluntu yindlela esebenzayo lomonakalo pecuniary ngaphandle kokuphazamisa yesazisi sonetyala.