Umzimba - instrument amabini anesibhozo eminyaka

Umzimba - isixhobo somculo, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "ngukumkani umculo." Ziqhele isandi sawo luboniswa ibe nempembelelo emphefumlweni kumphulaphuli, ayinazo ngokulinganayo. Ukongeza, inkulu isixhobo ehlabathini zomculo - umzimba, kwaye inkqubo yolawulo ogqibeleleyo. kwiholo yecawa okanye ikhonsati - ukuphakama kwakhe kunye nobude elingana ubungakanani iindonga ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kwisakhiwo esikhulu.

igunya resource ekhululekile kungadala umculo kuye umthamo ebanzi umxholo: ukusuka ukucinga ngoThixo yonke lokuhlambulula vangama kakuhle umphefumlo womntu.

Ilungu - isixhobo somculo elikhethekileyo kwimbali yayo emide. Yakhe yobudala - 28 eminyaka. Kwelinye inqaku akunakwenzeka ukuba ukulandela indlela enkulu isixhobo kwimizobo. Siye mda mzobo elifutshane ngokusekwa umzimba ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuya iinkulungwane xa fumene imbonakalo kunye neempawu, makwazeke oku namhla.

umzimba kuneyokuqala Historical nto isetyenziswayo isixhobo nelembande Pan (igama emva uthixo yamaGrike, ngubani owadala oko, njengoko kuchaziwe kwi intsomi). Ukuvela ngoqalo umhla BC ngenkulungwane wesi-7, kodwa iminyaka yangempela mhlawumbi kakhulu ngakumbi.

Ngoko ke isixhobo somculo kuqulethe nkqo ebekwe kufuphi ingcongolo zohlobo lwe ubude ezahlukahlukeneyo. Imiphezulu icala ezikufutshane enye kwenye, yaye simanyene ngaphesheya enombhinqo material esomeleleyo okanye weMahalati ngamaplanga. Artist uvuthela umoya ovela phezulu nge kwimibhobho umngxuma kwaye bekhalisa - ngalinye ukuphakama kwayo. Le wezandla midlalo ukusebenzisa rolls nje emibini okanye emithathu ngaxeshanye ukufumana isandi kwaye ufumane lokuphumla ilizwi ezimbini-okanye kwisakhono esithile, ngentambo trohgolosny.

nelembande Pan imele umnqweno yanaphakade umntu fyabo, ngokukodwa kumacandelo ezobugcisa, kwaye umnqweno ukuphucula amandla ezibonisa umculo. Phambi kwesi sixhobo wabonakala oliliso, xa ukulahlwa iimvumi zokuqala ibizezamandulo ngakumbi nelembande longitudinal - imibhobho ezilula imigodi ngeminwe. izakhono zabo zobugcisa ayemancinane. Ngembande longitudinal akunakwenzeka utsalo ngaxeshanye izandi ezibini okanye ngaphezulu.

Xa bekekhetha ngoqalo isandi ugqibeleleyo ithi mhaka elandelayo. Indlela ukuvuthela air kuyo - licwecwe, umoya jet wondla imilebe ukusuka komgama kwenza impembelelo yamagama isandi twisiseka ezizodwa. Bonke uhlobo umzimba nobhedu, ie usebenzisa alawulwa ukuphefumla eqela labasebenzi ukwenza imifanekiso wobugcisa. Emva koko, ezi mpawu - polyphony nangeyonyani waseMelika "nomoya" imvakalo - zaye ilifa kwi isandi kwiplanga elimcambalala le omzimba. Bona isiseko ubuchule ekhethekileyo isandi - umphulaphuli ukuba angene phantsi, etyhilwe amehlo.

Ukususela imbonakalo ngoqalo ukuya kokusungulwa unit elandelayo njengomanduleli ukuba sele kwiinkulungwane ezintlanu. Ngeli xesha, iingcali nobhedu musicianship wafumana indlela ukwandisa ngokungenammiselo ixesha elilinganiselweyo ingumphunga yabantu.

Unikezelo entsha air isixhobo yenziwa usebenzisa imfutho yesikhumba - njengalawo esetyenziswa yi ingcibi ukuba isitofu umoya.

Kwabakho ithuba ukugcina ngokuzenzekelayo zeeveki trohgolosie. Elinye okanye amabini amazwi - emazantsi - ngaphandle kokuphazamisa barhuqe izandi, ukuphakama nto leyo ayikatshintshi. Ezi izandi zibizwa ngokuba "Bourdon" okanye "fauxbourdon" kufunxwa ngaphandle amazwi ngqo evela imfutho ngokusebenzisa mingxuma avulekileyo kubo yaye isuntswana kwisiqalo. Kamva, baya kufumana igama "namafutha indawo".

Ilizwi lokuqala, ngenxa indlela sele eyaziwa ukuvala imingxuma i "fleytoobraznoy" separate kufakwa iintsuba, ndafumana ithuba ukudlala iingoma ngendlela ezahlukeneyo nkqu virtuosic. Le faka artist abethe umlomo moya. Ngokungafaniyo lwengoma bourdon kufunxwa ngokudibana. Ngoko ke, kwakungekho nobugqi nebhodi - ithathe abalindi Bourdon.

Esi sixhobo onelungelo ithandwa enkulu, ingakumbi lobuciko, ngokunjalo phakathi iimvumi abhadulayo, waza wabizwa ngokuba nelogwali. Ngenxa Ukusungulwa yakhe umzimba elizayo izandi ezifunyenwe iyalibala phantse mda. Nangona imvumi iimpompo imfutho umoya, isandi ingaphazanyiswa.

Ngenxa yoko, kwabonakala ezintathu iimpawu ezine elizayo isandi "Ukumkani izixhobo": polyphony, imvakalozwi unique eyimfihlakalo kunye kwekhompyutha epheleleyo.

Ukuqalisa ukususela BC ngenkulungwane 2 kukho zoyilo kusiba isondele umfanekiselo umzimba. Inaliti Air Umsunguli Greek Kteseby kudala actuator ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi (impompo yamanzi). Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba andise amandla isandi nokubonelela isixhobo sondo asakhasayo ixilongo imide ngokunjalo. Akusiva organ ngamanzi lube elikhulu kunye elibukhali. Ngempahla isandi esinjalo lisetyenziswa kwi ubunzima izimvo (lemidyarho siphinda- ibonisa isekisi, imfihlakalo) ukuya amaGrike namaRoma. Nokufika ubuKristu bokuqala wabubuyisela ingcamango anyanzele imfutho moya: ". Enobuntu" isandi mshini uyaphila yaye

Enyanisweni, ngeli xesha na kuqwalaselwa ukuba ukujikelezisa iimpawu ezingundoqo isandi omzimba: polyphonic texture, ngamandla etsala ithoni ingqalelo, iyalibala kwamandla ibonwe yaye ezizodwa, ezifanelekileyo ukutsala nobunzima enkulu yabantu.

Eminyaka alandelayo 7 baba izigqibo umzimba ngengqiqo ukuba ukuze achaphazelekayo, baza ke ngokuqinileyo "lokunikezelwa" yaye yaqulunqa ibandla lamaKristu. Body wabumisela ukuze sibe njengesixhobo iintshumayelo abaninzi, njengoko ikhona unanamhla. Ukulungiselela le njongo, inguqu yawo wafudukela iindlela ezimbini.

Kuqala. Imilinganiso emzimbeni kunye namandla isixhobo ive yafikelela amaxabiso engakholelekiyo. Ngokungqinelana ne-ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwezakhiwo yetempile inkqubela ngokukhawuleza umba yezakhiwo kanye umculo. Lo umbutho waqala ukwakha eludongeni lwetempile, kunye nesandi umfundisi of subordinated kwaye eyothusayo ibandla.

Inani lemibhobho omzimba, leyo ngoku eyenziwe ngomthi kunye nentsimbi, ifikelele amawaka. timbres zomzimba umzuzile uluhlu olubanzi ngokweemvakalelo - kwathabathela embonakalweni Ilizwi kaThixo isityhilelo cwaka ungubani zonqulo.

Ukuba nokwenzeka isandi, ngaphambili ezifunyenwe endleleni wembali ezifunekayo ebomini kwecawa ngemihla. abasemagunyeni Polyphony kuvumela umculo letiya abonisa isenzo ezininzi zokomoya aziluki. Iyalibala nethoni injectability lungisa umba live umbutho yokuphefumla wasondela kakhulu uhlobo isandi namava appanages ubomi babantu.

Ukususela kweli nqanaba umzimba - isixhobo esikhulu lomculo amandla.

Le indlela yesibini kuphuhliso isixhobo balandela indlela yokomeleza izakhono zalo virtuosic.

Ukuze ulawule senkulungwane yokugcina imibhobho kwakufuneka indlela ngokwesiseko entsha, eyenza igcisa ukujongana nalo butyebi engenasiphelo. Imbali ngokwayo wacebisa isisombululo ekunene: kwakukho keyboards. ulungelelwaniso mbono keyboard zonke ngumsindo ngokugqibeleleyo malilungiselelwe isixhobo uluhlu "umculo uKumkani." Okokugqibela umzimba - keyboard-zezobhedu.

Ulawulo isigebenga iqwalasele ukuba ulawulo ekhethekileyo ekude, edibanisa mkhulu ubuchwepheshe amathuba clavier nezi luli umbutho iinkosi. Phambi organist ke ngoku egcinwe ngendlela izame - enye ngezantsi enye ngasentla - ukusuka keypads ezimbini ukuya ezisixhenxe. Phantsi emgangathweni phantsi kweenyawo zakhe yaba pedalboard enkulu xa utsala ngezandi eziphantsi. Wayedlala phantsi. Ngoko ke, le ndlela organist efunekayo ikhono elikhulu. Seat artist yaba kwesitulo elide, ibekwe phezu kwe emoto yezitshixo.

pipe Union wabaleka abhalise indlela. Ehlabathini ikhibhodi amaqhosha abazinikeleyo okanye nezibambo ezaphukileyo, nganye iqhutywa ngaxeshanye ngamashumi, amakhulu okanye amawaka imibhobho. Organist ukuba kuphazanyiswa yi kwishifti, waba iqabane - idla umfundi kwafuneka ukuba baqonde izisekelo umdlalo kwi-organ.

Authority iqala hambo woloyiso inkcubeko yehlabathi. Kwinkulungwane ye-17 iye yafika eziphakamileyo ibonwe elityebileyo emculweni. Emva ugcino yelungu yobugcisa imisebenzi uJohann Sebastian Bach, ubukhulu kwesi sixhobo kuhlala nanto unanamhla. Namhlanje umzimba - isixhobo imbali somculo yakutshanje.