Umxholo imfazwe e Lermontov. imisebenzi Lermontov malunghana imfazwe

Umxholo lemfazwe Lermontov yenye yeendawo eziphambili. Ethetha izizathu yokuphatha yayo wembongi, akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele iimeko zokuphila kwakhe neziganeko zembali eziphembelele inqubo yakhe waza wafumana intlokoma kwi imisebenzi.

iziganeko ezibalulekileyo evela biography

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov wazalwa ngo-1814, xa imikhosi Russian boyiswa uNapoleon. Xa eneminyaka elishumi elinanye amangqina kwimvukelo Decembrist kwi Yeengwevu Square. Ngu Pugachev ukuvukela abahlukunyezwa kwiminyaka ethile mahlanu. 1830 kwaphawula French Revolution, ukuphazamiseka yamahlwempu waqala eRashiya. iimbongi elizayo kunye ababhali ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu ubudala. Akumangalisi ke, iimfazwe ezimbini - yasekhaya 1812 kunye Pugachev mvukelo - sibekwe nzulu kwimemori nje kuphela Lermontov, kodwa abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe.

Imfazwe kunye kukaNapoleon ngokukodwa ndinexhala imbongi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, kakade, lalibonisa ngamandla nokomelela abantu Russian. 1812 nayo inkcazelo iminyaka imfazwe yaba uhlobo isikhalazo malunga isizukulwana mihla ubomi ngobubi. Ngaphezu koko, uyise Lermontov 'inxaxheba kuyo kunye notatomkhulu owuthandayo wembongi - Athanasius kunye nguDmitry Stolypin - baba amaqhawe Borodin. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba indlu rhoqo kuxoxwe umxholo imfazwe. Lermontov ifana imfunxa iyavuleka incoko.

Imibongo malunga imfazwe

Sasidla ngokuthetha ngayo imfazwe, kwaye kwiYunivesithi eMoscow kwi-School of Guards sub-zamisa kunye kabini amahashe apho Lermontov wayefunda. Imibongo malunga imfazwe ka-1812, waqala ukubhala ekuseni, ngoxa elivisayo.

"Ibala Borodino"

Omnye imisebenzi yokuqala eyahlulelwe ukuba Idabi Borodino, lo mbongo "Borodino Field". Wabhala iminyaka elinesixhenxe. Lo mbongo abalulutsha Lermontov ibonisa ukuzimisela ukulwela kwilizwe labo. Ingxelo kwi umntu wokuqala, ngoko ke umfundi kunzima ukuqonda kunye nguye ukwenza ingxoxo - kunye nejoni elula, igosa, nomkhosi okanye igosa zokudubula. Umfanekiso hero ingeyiyo obungamaxwebhu zembali, kuba Lermontov entsha akakafiki Wazisusa inqubo yothando. intetho yakhe nangoku kude nabantu, usebenzisa incwadi ilizwi, ngokukhuthazwa amazwi ka Zhukovsky. Umzekelo: "abantwana zobusuku", "iikhenopi ingcwaba," "busuku".

"Ibala Borodino" yahluke gqitha kuyo nantoni okuye kwabhalwa malunga edabini ngaphambili. Yaye ukuba lo mbongo ezidityanisiweyo ngokugqibeleleyo fiction umbhali kunye neziganeko yokwenene edabini. Iqhawe Lermontov kaThixo uzele bubomi, oko akuthethi ukuba le kwecala ukuba uphawu amaqhawe kungasentla Zhukovsky.

"Ababini bakaRafa"

umxholo Military - enye engundoqo, apho wabhala Lermontov oselula. The War of 1812 nalo ochaphazelekayo, kwaye kulo mbongo "isigebenga ezimbini." Kulo imbongi allegorically usichaza uloyiso Russian phezu uNapoleon. Usebenzisa Indies amazwi ingoma mibala kunye indlela namnandi, imifanekiso oyindumasi "Knights Russian" namandla phezu ububi.

usukuzwano "nokulinga" "Giant Russian" ingakumbi ngokuphawulekayo eshwankathelwe kumphambukeli sisilumko. Kwezi bangi ezimbini sibona izidubedube yimizekeliso phakathi eRashiya kunye neFransi, Kutuzov kunye uNapoleon, imikhosi ezimbini bezizwe ezibini. One - i "Giant Russian endala" - ibonisa lonke amandla kunye ukuthanda engagungqiyo yabantu Russian, kunye nezinye - "iveki ezintathu-intliziyo oki" - ngokuzithemba ngokungafihlisiyo yi Napoleonic ukholelwa ukuba ngokuthatha Moscow, uya kuphumelela.

Russian Vityaz ngokupheleleyo uzolile, ngokungathi wayesazi ukuba akazange ulahlekelwe. Le ngxilimbela sesibini kwi amaphupha uloyiso ozukileyo, ingqondo yakhe amafu uloyiso bylymi. Kule sibona ubuyatha kwayo, kunye nokuzithemba, nokuba uthe waba nesibindi, nesibindi, womelele. Lermontov imfazwe nje uluvo hlobo: abanekratshi Frenchman. Ngoko ke, kulo mbongo, kwaye kungafanelekile kuboniswa ukulwa, kuba oko kwaye kungabi.

"Borodino"

Ehlaziya imisebenzi Lermontov kaThixo yemfazwe, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungathi amagama ambalwa malunga mibongo adumileyo imbongi - "Borodino", ebhalwe 1837, kule isikhumbuzo amabini anesihlanu War of 1812.

Esikolweni, safunda ngentloko le migca omlilo. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala uncwadi lemfazwe kuchaziwe ngokwemigaqo ijoni zokudubula eqhelekileyo. I "Field of Borodin kaThixo" Lermontov sele wazama ukubonisa nje ubunzima ukulwa idabi, kodwa oko kwenziwe "Borodino" wakwazi ukuba bazobe umfanekiso luzayo ngokwenene: isiphumo yomlo uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo izenzo zabantu, ubunye nentlalo. Amajoni bezisezilungile kunye nobomi babo ukuze uloyiso, "ngoko siza kuma intloko ngenxa kwilizwe labo."

Le hero of "Borodino" lula "ethandwayo" kuneyokuqala yothando. Lermontov singavuselelwa igama zabantu ukuze asibonise kwingcingane hero, iqhawe esiqhelekileyo, "amehlo vula", "kusasa kunaso ovuthayo", "ibhokisi enkulu". Lermontov wabhala "Borodino", ngokusekelwe izibakala. Eli xesha, wawushiya fiction yombhali, udala umfanekiso kwemfazwe kwimithombo ethembekileyo. Nangona imali encinci, "Borodino" yaba umbongo lonke malunga iimfazwe Napoleonic.

impi abaseAfrika

Umxholo lemfazwe Lermontov akunakwenzeka ukuba nesigqubuthelo ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuchaza eCaucasus. Yena Ngokuqinisekileyo indawo ekhethekileyo entliziyweni imbongi. Apha wayehlala, kuqala wamthanda, walwa, baza bafa.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala eCaucasus, Lermontov kweza umntwana ezintandathu, xa umakhulu wam Elizabeth Arsenyev wamsa ukuba abaphilise. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinanye imbongi eziselula okokuqala waziva ingqiqo enzulu uthando, nto leyo wamkhumbula ebomini.

Ngowe-1837, Lermontov usithe, wothuswa yi iindaba esingalindelekanga kokufa Pushkin, wabhala umbongo "Ukufa imbongi." Ebusuku, lo waziwa, kodwa kudityaniswe udumo kwaye ufumana kubhekiswa eCaucasus. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemizamo umakhulu wam wahlala iinyanga nje ezimbalwa.

Ngowe-1840, emva kokuba Kungquzulwano Ernest Barant, Lermontov waphinda wathumela eCaucasus. Ikhonkco yesibini yahluke gqitha ukusuka yokuqala, nto leyo ngakumbi njenge uhambo ngokusebenzisa ebukekayo. Eli xesha Nicholas okokuqala babefuna ukuba amadabi wathabatha inxaxheba kunye Lermontov. Imfazwe eCaucasus kule minyaka enomfutho mountaineers qhankqalazo.

Edabini, imbongi yaye wazibonakalisa njengegorha onesibindi epholileyo. Akazange woyika abulawe, ngoko ke asikwazi ukuthwala indawo ekufutshane apho iintshaba na. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba mountaineers ngokwabo imbongi elihlonelwayo ngaphandle koloyiko. Iyafuna ukukholelwa ukuba eCaucasus kwasekwa Lermontov sengqondo ukuya emfazweni.

Le mbongi zipeyintwe ukususela ebuntwaneni. Amaxesha amaninzi le mizobo echaza eCaucasus, ubume balo entle, amadabi apho inxaxheba. Ngenxa le mifanekiso, sinokufunda lukhulu malunga iziganeko zomkhosi ezifunyanwa Lermontov. Imbongi wabetha ubuhle ezintabeni eziphakamileyo, izithethe kunye nezithethe zabantu bendawo. Kunoko, oko kuphuma apha njalo bala iincwadi Lermontov.

"Valerik"

Ngexesha kubhekiswa eCaucasus imfazwe umxholo imisebenzi Lermontov zazaliswa imisebenzi emitsha. Omnye wabo umbongo "Valerik". Ukuthatha inxaxheba iimfazwe zomkhosi, Lermontov wakhokela phephancwadi, nto leyo yenza isiseko "Valerik". Lo mbongo ibizwa ngokuba umlambo lowo ujikeleze eCaucasus. Ukuthelekisa "Valerik" kunye Shwankathela esisiqobo, ungabona ukuba angqinelane nje izibakala, kodwa isimbo sokubhala, ziphela imigca.

Ukuqala umbongo - ileta uthando ebhalelwe Barbara Lopukhina iimvakalelo apho imbongi lihanjiswa kulo iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa phakathi ekufeni kubonakala ukuba umthande zobuntwana. Ngaphezu koko, uyazi ukuba intanda ungamthandiyo kuye, yaye ekugqibeleni ukulungele kuthi ndlela-ntle kuye. Inkcazelo iimfazwe kuyimfuneko, ke ngoko, ukuze ubonise onke loo babi, unya emfazweni, loo nto ingamampunge.

isiphelo

Umxholo lemfazwe Lermontov enqamleza wonke umsebenzi wakhe. War Patriotic ka-1812 ngonyaka, uphakamo i Decembrists ', imfazwe abaseAfrika - amaxesha kunzima wawa phezu kwabo kweminyaka engama-27 ubudala owayehlala Lermontov. izibongo imfazwe aphume usiba lwayo Akumangalisi 'ezithandwayo' lobuzwe ezinqwenelwa. Imbongi lubonise amandla, isibindi, isibindi, amandla abantu Russian, zonke iimpawu abangenakuze yayintsha ngaye.