UMTHETHO - nto ... Basic software yokusebenza. Ngu Mphathi Wendlela software zibandakanya

Iikhompyutha - amaqabane sizalwa ubomi elishumi yesibini. Zinceda abantu babe fun kunye nomsebenzi, ukunxibelelana nabahlobo kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ngelishwa, asingabo bonke abasebenzisi kungoku imigaqo esebenza ngekhompyutha.

Ingakumbi, kunqabile ukuba bacinge malunga nokubaluleka open source software. Le nkqubo software. Oko kuthethwa ngulo mbono yaye yintoni na ke ukubaluleka kwezi nkqubo? Ukuxelwa kulo mba kwaye umxholo weli nqaku. Ukongeza, siza kuqwalasela ulwahlulohlulo software indlela yomhla yangoku.

Kuyimfuneko ukwazi nokuba kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo, njengokuba xa ufunda amanye amanqaku ulwazi rhoqo zingaqiqi undoqo kubhaliwe kwathiwa. Kwenzeka nje enye ngenxa yokungazi isigama eqhelekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kudla ngokuba Bill of yesono izibonelelo bade ezizodwa.

Intshayelelo

Ngokwembali, siye sisebenzise yonke le nkqubo yahlulwe iiklasi ezimbini:

• izicelo System (UMTHETHO - sisiseko nayiphi na inkqubo yokusebenza).
• iinkqubo zesicelo.

Kukho olunye udidi software yesicelo kakhulu ezizodwa, kodwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye naye waza wafumana nabaphuhlisi bezobuchwepheshe kuphela.

Ukuze izicelo ziquka izicelo ofisi, software ngenxa ekudaleni ukuhlela imifanekiso, kwakunye nezinye iimali ngamnye kuthi ukusuka apho ukujongana yonke imihla. Asinto nzima ukuba baqashele ukuba lesi sigaba eqhelekileyo kakhulu abaninzi.

Yintoni iqukiwe ingqikelelo open source software? Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukulawula DBMS (database) zenzelwe intsebenziswano phakathi umsebenzisi kunye nekhompyutha (DE - inwebu graphic), kwakunye neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuqokelela nokuhoywa ulwazi. ukusetyenziswa yakutshanje (ngakumbi) ababekhwele izithuthi moya kunye ukulwa.

Abaqhubi, njl

Amaxesha amaninzi ukwabela iilayibrari system kunye abaqhubi isixhobo injongo eyenzelwe yona akukho ndlela ezahlukeneyo ukusuka ACT. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ukuba bayikhangele kubo ngokwahlukileyo ayenzi mqondo.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo-software (System Software) kungenziwa ngokuba iseti iinkqubo kunye ujongano ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula nekhompyutha intsebenziswano yabantu. injongo yazo - izixhobo umatshini translation ukubonisa nokuhlalutya kwi eziqhelekileyo ngakumbi kuthi konke umbhalo okanye ifomu graphic. Ukwakhiwa STR (Zifakwe ngokungafaniyo eziluncedo) ngokoqobo akuxhomekekanga iingxaki ezithile isonjululwe ngumsebenzisi computer.

Uyakwazi ukuyila ngayo ekhaya, okanye mhlawumbi imini yonke ukuhlala e networks zentlalo. Kwimeko nganye, le software yekhompyutha yahlukile kakhulu, lo gama ukwakhiwa izicelo inkqubo ivavanywa akukho tshintsho.

Ntoni kwindlela software

Kwaye ngoku ukuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha ukuqeshwa kule hlobo iiprogram. Ngoko ke imisebenzi yazo engundoqo:

• Bona ukudala imeko apho izicelo baleka eluncedo (OS).
• Nika lula kunye automation zophuhliso kwezicelo ezitsha.
• Ukwandisa nokuchaneka kunye ukwanela konxibelelwano phakathi kweekhompyutha networks zasekuhlaleni kunye jikelele.
• Ixilonge (nokulungisa) yokusilela ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo.
• Lijongene ngokwenza imisebenzi abancedisayo (phezulu, kokulondoloza, transfer data).

Ngako oko, akukho msebenzi ikhompyutha ngaphandle software free akakwazi, kuloo mgaqo, njengoko nkqu yeyona abangekaphuhli operating system - nayo uluhlu izicelo specialist. Ukugcinwa kwezi nkqubo inokusebenza kuphela kubasebenzisi abafanelekayo, kunye nophuhliso - kuphela badwelisi benkqubo kakhulu, ngubani kwezinye iimeko kufuneka ukwazi senkqubo ulwimi umatshini (iingcali ezo kwihlabathi beeyunithi ngokubanzi). Ngokufutshane, ukudala OS yabo bodwa esimbejembeje nje ngeke isebenze.

ulwazi olungundoqo nezakhono

Nangona ukuntsonkotha kweenkqubo ezinjalo, nokuba abasebenzisi zesiqhelo kufuneka aqonde uhlobo umsebenzi wabo, njengoko kuchaphazela imveliso intsebenziswano yabo kunye nekhompyutha. Umzekelo, bengazi malunga iinkqubo umsebenzi imigaqo elawula ukubhala kunye nolwazi lokufunda ukusuka kumphezulu disk, awukwazi yokufomatha ihard diski, ejolise kudidi lwe data abanenjongo ukuba awugcine.

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, isicelo sabo zicwangcisiwe, engaquki ukutshintsha nesele naphakade. Kungenxa yoko le nto uphuhliso open source software zithiwe thaca iimfuneko ingakumbi zingqongqo.

software inkqubo yokuhlela

Ngokwemveli kule zodidi zilandelayo iinguqulelo software:

• izakhi Control.
• izakhi kulingwa, processing kunye nolwazi amaza.

Indlela lula ukuyiqonda, iinkqubo zolawulo ngaxesha iinkqubo eziphambili ngokuvumela zonke izixhobo ukuze isebenze ngokuchanekileyo kwikhompyutha yakho. imisebenzi zazo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

• ulawulo ngqo onke amandla processing le nkqubo.
• Ukusebenza kunye iinkcukacha ezifunekayo nokusebenza kwayo.

Amaninzi, ezi zixhobo rhoqo kwinkumbulo yekhompyutha. Lilungu Ndingumhlali wase izixhobo ezenza undoqo OS. Ukuba iinkqubo zokulawula, eyimfuneko ukwenza eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, zilayishwe ibe imemori ngokukhawuleza phambi kokuba ukusebenza, zibizwa ngokuba transit (ukusuka '). Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, namhlanje ezi zixhobo kufumaneka kuphela njengenxalenye zombini nkqubo kunye nabaqhubi ngohlobo iilayibrari zokusebenza.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, le program processing qalisa ngokwahlukileyo. Amaninzi, zinikelwe kwiphakheji ufakelo izicelo izicelo. Hi ndlela leyi, nomfakeli (i-Windows nomfakeli, umzekelo) Kwakhona ibhekisa kwindlela yokusebenza software.

Enye inguqulelo ye yokuhlela

Amaxesha amaninzi, iingcali zithi software yekhompyutha kufuneka yohlulwe ezisisiseko nenkonzo. Yi isiseko ngabo iinkqubo ipha nokusebenza computer. Ngako oko, a software inkqubo ziquka:

• iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye nabaqhubi kumafa zabo.
• Khumba (DE) kunye namanye amajelo eendaba ukuze kuphunyezwe iinkqubo.
• Abaphathi File.

OS njengoluhlu open source software

Siyaqhubeka ukubona indlela software. Iinkqubo yokuyisebenzisa lukwa yinxalenye yalo.

Ngokubanzi, i-OS ngokwayo angamelwa njenge njengoluhlu lweenkqubo software ukuba zinoxanduva ukwamkelwa, ukwenziwa, ukusetyenziswa kolwazi kunye nolawulo lwazo zonke izixhobo nkqubo. Kwelinye icala, inkqubo yokusebenza lisebenza njenge "spacer" phakathi umsebenzisi kunye computer wakhe, kwelinye icala, inoxanduva kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko zombini software and hardware ugcwalisa yokugqibela.

Kule ncwadi, indlela yokusebenza ukwabizwa ngokuba software esisiseko nkqubo. Kutheni bathatha lo isigama, sibheka ngezantsi.

Management File - umsebenzi ebalulekileyo KOMTHETHO

Abaphathi File ziyilelwe ukufikelela lula idatha ebonakalayo kwi disc, ukubonisa nabo ukumelwa lomzobo. Ngenxa yoko, ungasebenzisa kuphela enengqondo igama lefayile, kunokuba indawo yayo ngqo kwi-hard disk.

Okubalulekileyo! iinkqubo File kunye nabaphathi ifayile musa ayisekho ngokwabo, ngenxa yokuba ziphuhlisiwe iinkqubo ezithile zokusebenza kunye nezisombululo kwiingxaki ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, abanye bayavuma ukuba software kwindlela yakho ziquka ezi zicelo.

Kodwa kukho ezinye iinyani ezibonakalisa sengqondo ukuya inkqubo enjalo ngokwemiqathango izixhobo zokulawula ulwazi ezizimeleyo:

• Iindlela ezininzi zokusebenza (besithembe ixesha elide kwaye phantse yonke) ingaba ngaxeshanye (!) Ukuze ukusebenza phantse zonke iinkqubo lwefayile.
• Ezinye bubonke (kodwa inkqubo yokusebenza) angenza ntoni ngaphandle kwezi zicelo.

Yintoni na le nkonzo UMTHETHO

Olu didi lubandakanya iinkqubo ukwandisa kakhulu izakhono yenkqubo ACT, eyenza kube lula ngakumbi ukuba umsebenzisi ekupheleni. Kananjalo zihlelwe, kwaye ufumane eninzi lamanqaku:

• abaqhubi divayisi akubekwe kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwinqanaba kwendalo yayo.
• iinkqubo zekhompyutha self-sifo, nto leyo akubikho mfuneko umsebenzisi ukufumana unobangela iimpazamo kunye nokusilela.
• Isimanga, kodwa software anti-virus abakwasilungele kwenkcazo "inkonzo". Qaphela ukuba akusoloko.
• Izicelo inkonzo drives zikuvumela ukuba ukukhuphela kunye data archive, ukucima ngokusisigxina okanye ukubuyisela iifayili zedatha nokwandisa inkqubo zokurekhodisha disc.
• Eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yogcino ukunciphisa kakhulu ulwazi indawo ahlala.
• Eluncedo sokulawula izibonelelo womnatha kunye inethiwekhi ngokwayo.

Ngokufuthi le iklasi lweenkqubo ekuthiwa eziluncedo nkqubo. Nje qaphela ukuba iinkqubo antivirus musa ukubiza. Namhlanje, kakuhle ezaziwa kuthetha ukusuka Symantec, Touch Stone, kwakunye nezinye iinkampani ezinkulu unikezele software. Iintlobo software ukuba ezinye izehlo ngokutsha, kodwa kuhlala imibuzo ingasonjululwanga eliqela.

UMTHETHO ukusebenza iprotocol yenethiwekhi

Nanjengoko igama layo lixela, ezi izicelo inkqubo banoxanduva ukufikelela kwi web. Qaphela ukuba zonke ezi magama alandelayo kusebenza ngakumbi ezo nkqubo ezilungiselelwe ukwenza iintshukumo ezithile ezithile (imeyile iseva ifayile iseva). Ukuze uhlaziye isoftwe yalo myalelo, kaninzi kuye kufuneke ukuba iinguqulelo ezintsha lweenkqubo zokusebenza.

Undoqo ekuqondeni umsebenzi yonke algorithm inkqubo server eyodwa uyayamkela izicelo ukusuka kuthungelwano kwaye ngokwawo ithumela iimpendulo. Ngezidingo ukuthi zenzelwe ukuthumela izicelo, ebizwa abaxhasi. Qaphela ukuba isicelo sithunyelwa ngokohlobo ngendlela esemgangathweni, elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba protocol. Impendulo kwakhona kuthunyelwa kwifayile ngendlela ethile equlathe zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko (lwepakethi).

Hi ndlela leyi, IE, Firefox, Opera ne Google Chrome - abathengi efanayo, ezo zisekelwe kumgaqo ukuba kuphela ebekwe.

indawo Programming kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo

Ezi nkqubo zinxulumene kwiindlela ezithile, kodwa ukuqonda esisiseko kubo kuyimfuneko, kuba ngaphandle oku akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuqonda imigaqo yokusebenza kwenkqubo yokusebenza kunye nekhompyutha ngokubanzi. Kufuneka ukudala nje kuphela, kodwa debug ne yokwazisa amacebo.

Iingcali zithi kule meko kwindlela software ibandakanya:

• Kuthetha ukuba ukuchwetheza yohlelo yokubhaliweyo.
• Translator okanye itoliki (ukuba ulwimi olulula).
• Le linker, ebizwa kwakhona i linker.
• Debuggers.
• iilayibrari isicelo Full onegunya le program.

Qaphela ukuba isicelo wadala (phantse) phantsi kwazo naziphi na OS ethile. Kodwa izixhobo nkqubo zilungiselelwe ukuba siyiphuhlisa ngaphakathi kuphela, unako ukusebenza kwinkqubo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo (kuba oku kwaye udinga ezinye iilayibrari system). Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ayikwenzi bona ababhekisi phambili ekukhetheni indlela ekhethwayo umsebenzi.

Yintoni abaguquleli

Ekubeni le nkcazo ngokucacileyo ukuba wonke, khangela lo mba ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

Oku ingcamango ebalulekileyo ibhekisa inkqubo ajika ulwimi lokuprograma Iyaqondakala loo nto abantu, zibe ngolwimi kumatshini. Kakade ke, ulwimi umatshini ziyalandeleka kunye ndoda, kodwa ke ezi iingcali unit ehlabathini lonke. Le program ngokwayo abhalwe kulo naluphi na ulwimi lokuprograma, ekuthiwa umthombo imodyuli. imodyuli lwento ebizwa ulwazi olusisiseko okubhankisha kumatshini ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi. Ubume bale imodyuli ibandakanya isicatshulwa inkqubo sele iguqulelwe kulwimi kumatshini, kwakunye nolunye ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze ukusebenza kwayo echanekileyo USB.

Zonke izicelo kule klasi zahlulwe abacwangcisi kunye neetoliki. Eyokuqala ukuguqulela ngoko nangoko umthombo itekisi ibe module kumatshini. Le itoliki yenza kuphela carrier, kodwa emva koko uzama ukuvavanya inkqubo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iye ethile enye enkulu: ukuphunyezwa kade kwenkqubo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusetyenziswa iindlela ezinjalo kuphela phakathi lwimi ilula kwaye uninzi nobu-, ezisetyenziswa ukufundisa iziseko kweenkqubo.

Linker, okanye linker, libandakanywe processing of iimodyuli into izinto wesiqalo. Ngamnye kubo sele usiwe kwinkumbulo kwaye abulawe.

Debugger, kunye namanye amacandelo

Le debugger wenza umsebenzi kubalulekile, njengoko ivumela ukulawula ukuhamba lwenkqubo, ngaxeshanye ekhangela iimpazamo kulo. In basic isethi yayo phawu luquka:

• Ukuze step ngokusebenzisa lo mnqongo into kwixesha lolayisho, kukho iziphumo yokuzalela esisigxina.
• Misa kwindawo ngozi lomphuhlisi.
• Ukuba kukho imfuneko, i debugger ayeke ngokupheleleyo nkqubo uqondo.
• Bonisa zonke izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

iziphumo

Ngoko ke, masikhe ukubeke up. Kubonakala ukuba ezi zinto zilandelayo zifakiwe kwindlela software:

• Ngqo OS (indlela yokusebenza).
• Khumba (DE) kunye nokusingqongileyo inkqubo ukubulawa.
• Abaphathi File, kunye nezinye isixhobo solawulo ifayile.
• Developer Tools.
• Zonke izixhobo network.
• Ezinye izicelo.

Apha siye sahlolisisa isakhiwo sendlela software.