UMozart: list. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: ubuchule

Umqambi ebalaseleyo Austrian V. A. Motsart yenye abameli i Viennese yamandulo esikolweni. isipho sakhe wabonakaliswa yabantwana yasekuqaleni. Ngemisebenzi uMozart avakalelwa zibonisa kwiingcamango intshukumo "Sturm und Drang" kunye yiEnlightenment German. Xa umculo, wenza amava bezobugcisa izithethe ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikolo yesizwe. Eyona idumileyo imisebenzi Mozart, uluhlu apho likhulu kakhulu, baye kwindawo yabo kwimbali yomculo. Uye ebhalwe opera ngaphezu amabini, symphony mane-nye, ama ukulungiselela izixhobo ezahlukeneyo okhestra, egumbini umculo kunye nemisebenzi nepiyano.

inkcazelo emfutshane malunga umqambi

Wolfgang Amadeus uMozart (Umqambi Austria) wazalwa ngomhla 01.27.1756, kwidolophu omhle Salzburg. Ngaphezu kokuqamba? yena lwakwazi harpsichordist, umbexeshi, organist kunye violin virtuoso. Yena waba eliphelele indlebe umculo, inkumbulo eliphambili nomnqweno ukuze improvisation. Wolfgang Amadeus uMozart yenye abaqambi enkulu , ixesha lakhe nje kuphela, kodwa isipho. misebenzi kwakhe kubonakala ngemisebenzi ebhaliweyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo neentlobo. Works onjengokaMozart kaThixo kakhulu kangangokuba kude. Oku kubonisa ukuba Umqambi 'uvavanyo ixesha. " igama lakhe kakhulu ngawo umoya efanayo Haydn kunye nguBeethoven, njengommeli Viennese Classicism.

Biography kunye indlela creative. iminyaka 1756-1780 yokuphila

UMozart wazalwa ngo January 27, 1756. Bhala waba kusasa, ngeenxa kweminyaka emithathu. Utitshala womculo wokuqala eyayingamonwabisanga uyise. Ngowe-1762 yena wahamba notata wakhe udade uhambo enkulu zobugcisa ukuya kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo eJamani, eNgilani, eFransi, eSwitzerland, le Netherlands. Ngeli xesha kukho imisebenzi yokuqala onjengokaMozart. Uluhlu kancane yokwandisa. Ukususela ngo 1763 uye waba ahlala Paris. Yenza Sonatas for Violin kunye Harpsichord. Kubomi xesha 1766-1769 kaThixo e Salzburg naseVienna. Ubumnandi sokuvalwa ekufundweni ezaqanjwa kukho iinkosi enkulu. Phakathi kwabo, Handel, Durante, Carissimi, Stradella kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngowe-1770-1774 gg. Oku ikakhulu e-Italy. Wadibana ne odumileyo ngexesha umqambi - uYosefu Mysliveček, ogama impembelelo ingalandwa kumsebenzi elizayo kaWolfgang Amadeus. Kwiminyaka 1775-1780 lokuphambukela eya eMunich, eParis kunye Mannheim. Abafumana ubunzima kwezemali. unina bevalelwe. Kweli thuba imisebenzi ezininzi ezibhalwe Mozart. Dwelisa wabo omkhulu. Zezi:

• Concerto for nembande nohadi;
• Ezintandathu sonatas keyboard;
• engqungqa ngokomoya ezimbalwa;
• Symphony 31 tonality D enkulu, nto leyo eyaziwa njenge Paris;
• amagumbi ballet ezilishumi kunye nezinye iitreki.

Biography kunye indlela creative. iminyaka 1779-1791 yokuphila

, Ngo-1779 abasebenza Salzburg kwinkundla organist. Ngowe-1781 eMunich ngempumelelo enkulu leyo iphambili opera yakhe "Idomeneo". Oku ithuba entsha bayahlelwa ubuntu yoyilo. Emva koko siphila eVienna. Ngowe-1783 watshata Constanze Weber. Ngeli xesha, hamba opera ezimbi onjengokaMozart. Dwelisa kubo akukho mkhulu kangaka. Le opera L'oca del eCairo kunye Uyabona sposo deluso, apho wahlala phahla. Ngowe-1786 wabhala yamnandi "Le Nozze di Figaro" kwi mdlalo ngu noLorenzo da Ponte. Kuye owenziwa eVienna kunye nempumelelo enkulu. Abaninzi babekholelwa ukuba le yeyona ilungileyo opera Mozart kaThixo. Ngowe-1787 wapapasha akukho opera ngaphantsi yimpumelelo, nto leyo nayo wadala ngokusebenzisana noLorenzo da Ponte. Yinto "Don Giovanni". Ngelo xesha wamiselwa "kwigumbi mvumi Imperial royal". Kuba athe ihlawulwe 800 florins. Wabhala iyaxhuma for masques kunye opera ehlekisayo. NgoMeyi Ngo1791 uMozart wathabatha isithuba umncedisi umbhexeshi Cathedral of Cathedral St. kukaStefano. Waye ingakhange ihlawulwe, kodwa wanikela ithuba emva kokufa Leopold Hoffman (ngubani ndandigula kakhulu) ukuba athathe indawo yakhe. Noko ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke. NgoDisemba Ngo1791 umqambi buchopho wafa. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini unobangela wokufa kwakhe. Eyokuqala i ezilwenza nesifo samathambo. Inguqulelo yesibini kuyafana ilivo, kodwa ixhaswe musicologists ezininzi. Le Umqambi Salieri ityhefu Mozart.

Mozart Basic. uluhlu lwemisebenzi

Opera - yenye lweendidi ezingundoqo umsebenzi wakhe. Uphethe opera yesikolo zingshpili, opera Seria kunye buffa, kwakunye opera omkhulu. Ukususela lusiba macandelo:

• opera esikolweni: "Ukuguqulwa eseshumi," yaziwa ngokuba "Apollo eseshumi";
• Opera Seria "Idomeneo" ( "uEliya Idamante"), "La Clemenza di Tito", "mitridate";
• Opera buffa "La Finta Giardiniera", "umkhwenyana oqhathaniselayo", "Ukuhlanganiswa Figaro," "Bonke bephela," "Cairo goose", "Don Giovanni", "nabohanahaniso simpleton";
• zingshpili "Bastien und Bastienne", "Zayed", "Le Omhlaba evela Seraglio";
• opera grand "opera The Magic nembande";
• yimidlalo ballet "Knick-knacks";
• Mass: 1768-1780, eyasekwa Salzburg, eMunich Vienna;
• Requiem (Ngo1791);
• Oratorio "ekhululwe Vetuliya";
• cantata "ibithambile uDavide," "Uvuyo neengcibi zeendonga," "Wena, umphefumlo iphela," "Little Masonic Cantata".

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Kusebenzela okhestra

Imisebenzi ngu uMozart for okhestra hit ubukhulu bayo. Zezi:

• symphony;
• iikonsathi Rondo for Piano kunye Orchestra ngenxa yomculo kunye okhestra;
• Concerto for violin ezimbini Orchestra isitshixo C ezinkulu, ngokuba ivayolin, Purple kunye okhestra, ngokuba mbande okhestra kwi isitshixo G ezinkulu, ngokuba oboe, ऑप्टीमायझर isilungiseleli kunye okhestra, Bassoon, Horn, nesabavutheli UHadi (C ezinkulu );
• Concerto for Pianos ezimbini Orchestra (E tyaba ezinkulu) kunye ezintathu (F ezinkulu);
• Divertimenti ne Serenades ngenxa okhestra, umtya, lomculo umoya.

Zamagxa orchestra lomculo

Abaninzi abhalelwa orchestra lomculo Mozart. imisebenzi Famous:

• Galimathias musicum (1766);
• Maurerische Trauermusik (1785);
• Ein musikalischer Spa (1787);
• Ikhombise (abathile kubo wajoyina i misindo);
• dances (imidaniso ilizwe, Ländlers, minuets);
• ibandla sonatas, quartets, quintets, Categories, ezivunywa ezahlukeneyo.

Keyboard (Piano)

Imisebenzi yomculo onjengokaMozart ukuba esi sixhobo zithandwa kakhulu phakathi pianists. Zezi:

• Sonata 1774 - C major (K 279), F ezinkulu (K 280), G ezinkulu (K 283); 1775 G. - D ezinkulu (K 284); 1777 - C major (K 309), D ezinkulu (K 311); 1778 G. - Minor (R 310) C ezinkulu (K 330) A ezinkulu (331 K), F ezinkulu (332 K), Cu ezinkulu tyaba (K 333); 1784 - C Minor (K 457); 1788 - F ezinkulu (K 533), C ezinkulu (K 545);
• Ishumi elinesihlanu nguqu imijikelo (1766-1791);
• Rondo (1786, 1787);
• nabakwaziyo (1782, 1785);
• Iingqokelela ezahlukeneyo.

Symphony № 40 ngu WA Mozart

symphony uMozart kaThixo zadalelwa ukususela 1764 ukuya 1788 zokugcina ezintathu zibe nempumelelo kakhulu olu hlobo loncwadi. Total Wolfgang wabhala symphony-50. Kodwa ke inani musicology zasekhaya kuthathwa yokugqibela 41 Symphony ( "Jupiter").

I-symphony best onjengokaMozart (№ 39-41) ukuba indalo ezizodwa ayikwazi ifakwe ngelixa uchwetheza. Xa ngamnye kubo iqulethe ingcamango ngokwesiseko omtsha ke lowo wengcibi yokuluka.

Inombolo symphony 40 owona msebenzi uthandwayo uhlobo. Inxalenye yokuqala iqala elugcwabevu lwengoma violin isakhiwo imibuzo neempendulo. Ekhaya Party ukhumbuza bendlela Cherubino ukusuka opera "Ukuhlanganiswa Figaro." isihloko yamabanga ombambazelayo kwaye ukudangala, kukho umahluko omkhulu. Development iqala a bassoons kancinane uncuthu lwengoma. Kukho isandi emnyama ezilusizi. Iqala inyathelo okumangalisayo. Reprise icacisa ombane.

Inxalenye yesibini esilawulwa imo ezolileyo nzulu. Kwakhona ifomu Sonata kusetyenziswa. Cula mxholo uphambili violas, yabe isithatha ivayolin yakhe. Isihloko yesibini njenge "likhona".

Eyesithathu - ezolileyo, nokuthantamisa kunye emnandi. Development kusenza sibe emva mood elugcwabevu ngumsindo, ixhala ibonakala. Reprise - uphinda ingcamango eliqaqambileyo. Isahlulo sesithathu - le minuet kunye iimpawu hambo, nangona kunjalo, xa le mali yeekota ezintathu. Eyinhloko - inkalipho nokuzimisela. Oku kwenziwa ivayolin nogwali. Le trio luvakala ngumshumayeli ngaphaya.

Le owazisa rapid gqolo ukukhula okukhulu, ufikelela indawo yayo ephezulu - kuvuthondaba. Anxiety nochulumanco ezendeleyo onke amacandelo inxalenye yesine. Kwaye ke imivalo yokugqibela kuphela benza ingxelo encinane.

V. A. Motsart lwakwazi harpsichordist, umbexeshi, organist kunye violin virtuoso. Yena waba indlebe ngokupheleleyo umculo, inkumbulo eliphambili nomnqweno ukuze improvisation. imisebenzi yakhe emihle zenzekile yabo kwimbali yomculo.