Umiselwa ukuba kwilizwe imvelaphi ikhowudi bha iimpahla?

Kukholelwa ukuba ilizwe imvelaphi iimpahla ezicaciswe ikhowudi lika lokuqala imibala yawo bar. Oku kuphela iqiniso. technologies Ukuphucula ukuveliswa, ukuncitshiswa iindleko zothutho, iinkqubo jikelele kukhokelela ukubana kwimveliso okanye iiyunithi yayo ngamnye kwimimandla aphesheya, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo nzima ukuphawulwa kwilizwe ngawo. Ngoko ke, njani wagqiba ilizwe lokuzalwa? Zama ukuqonda.

Ukuba technology lokuvelisa imveliso kuphela kwisigaba enye okanye yonke inkqubo chain senziwe ngaphakathi lizwe linye, ukuqingqwa kwilizwe lemvelaphi ingabangeli iingxaki. Olu didi ibhekisa iimveliso zezolimo kunye neemveliso ziqulathe amacandelo ngaphandle.

Ukuba iimpahla ababandakanyekayo ekuveliseni amacandelo eziveliswa kumazwe amabini okanye nangaphezulu, eli gama libhekisela processing eyaneleyo okanye kakhulu. processing okwaneleyo kunye nenkqubo nokubala, ukunika imveliso iimpawu zalo ezisisiseko.

Kwezinye iimeko, ilizwe imvelaphi bangathunyelwa iyuniyoni amasiko, iqela lamazwe, kwakunye njengenxalenye lizwe okanye ummandla yayo eyahlukileyo.

Ngokutsho Convention Customs International, ilizwe imvelaphi na kumiselwa ngomnye ngeendlela ezintathu.

Indlela One - ukutshintsha ikhowudi. Le nto iya kuqwalaselwa kuveliswa kweli lizwe, ukuba ikhowudi yokuhlelwa yahlukile izinto kwamanye amazwe iikhowudi ezisetyenziswa umenzi wayo (mazwe ezimakhulu mabini ehlabathini lonke uxhaswe yinkqubo esibumbeneyo nemvisiswano of zokuhlela iimpahla).

Indlela Two - inkcazo ad valorem share. Ukuba ixabiso imveliso yokugqibela inxalenye ebalulekileyo (ipesenti esisigxina) ziquka izinto okanye ixabiso kwilizwe elithile, le nto - kwilizwe imvelaphi impahla.

Indlela yesithathu - eminye imisebenzi zemveliso. Kukho uluhlu lwemisebenzi yokuvelisa olulawulwayo; ukuba zenziwe kweli lizwe, loo nto ithathwa kuzalwa impahla eyenziweyo (babizwa ngokuba "HIV criteria"). Kwelinye icala, iqela imisebenzi zobugcisa musa ukuvumela ukuba siqwalasele indawo awazalelwa kuyo iimpahla lizwe (uvavanyo negative). Le ndlela isebenza ngayo izinto. Ngokomzekelo, njengoko feedstock ekuveliseni impahla i-EU isetyenziswa kuphela ntambo. Impahla ezenziwa ngelaphu, mayingabi sakhululwa ekuveliseni EU.

Umvo yokuqala kwebhakhowudi ukuchaza umbutho wesizwe GS1. Umenzi unelungelo ukungenela umbutho wesizwe enye karhulumente kunye ubonise ikhowudi ukulabhula imigca enqamleze esiqwini iimveliso zabo. Umzekelo, ukuba inkampani Italian kukhutshwe ifanitshala kwaye ithumela kuyo eRashiya, eJamani, yaye uthengisa kurhwebo lwasekhaya, ukuba lilungu GS1 Russia, Germany nase Italy, ngokulandelelana, isibabula isiqu imveliso yawo kunye nezimaphambili ezintathu ezahlukeneyo.

Ilizwe imvelaphi ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni imisebenzi kurhwebo lwangaphandle ukwenzela eli ummiselo lweerhafu, ukumisela ubukhulu imisebenzi amasiko, kwakunye inzaliseko iimfuno ezisebenzayo ukuya kophawu impahla.