ULilac: iindidi, iintlobo, ukulima nokucima (ifoto)

ULilac kwilizwe lethu mhlawumbi uhlobo oludumileyo lwe-shrub yokuhlobisa. Batshala kwigadidi zangaphambili zezindlu ezincinci, kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Esi sityalo esingenakuthobeka asifunanga ukunakekelwa kwaye sibekezelela ngokupheleleyo iintlanu ezinzima kunye nesomiso. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-lilacs. Ukongezelela, kungekudala ininzi yabalimi baye bazalwa ngabalimi. Ngawuphi na omele atyunjelwe ukuhlobisa ididi kunye nendlela yokukhulisa iillacs ngokuchanekileyo, funda kwinqaku.

Inxalenye ethile yembali

Malunga naziphi iintlobo ze-lilacs, masithethe kamva. Okokuqala, makhe sibone apho isityalo esivela khona.

EYurophu, iillacs zakhula kuphela ngekhulu le-16. Ngexesha lokuqala kwiLizwe Elidala laziswa ngummeli waseFransi waseTurkey. Ekuqaleni lesi sityalo sokuhlobisa sakhula kuphela kwiidiya zasebukhosini. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunganakwa, i-lilac isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kweli lonke ilizwe. Ukusuka eFransi, i-lilac yaziswa e-Austria, yaya eNgilani. Kamva, esi sityalo safumana ukuqaphela eRashiya.

Lilacs: iindidi

Phakathi kweentlobo ezidumileyo ze-shrub zemihlobiso yi-Hungarian, isiTshayina ne-Amur lilacs. Iintlobo zokuqala ezimbini azizona ezona zikhangayo. Zihlala zikhulile kwiindawo ezinomthunzi.

Kwimibuzo yokuba zininzi iintlobo ze-lilac zikhona kwindalo ngokubanzi, akunakwenzeka ukunika impendulo ecacileyo. Kuze kube namhlanje, amawaka ambalwa ayaziwa. Kukho iintlobo ezi-30 eziphambili, eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa iindawo zokuhlala kunye nezitalato. Makhe siqwalasele iimpawu ezahlula iintlobo ezidumileyo.

I-lilac yaseHungary inokufikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-3-4 m kwaye ithathwa njengelungileyo kwimpahla yamandulo. Iillacs zasendle zikhula eHungary, eCarpathians naseYugoslavia. Kukho ezimbini iifom zegadi. Zineentyantyambo ezibomvu ezibomvu nezibomvu-violet.

I-lilac yaseTshayina i-hybrid ye-lilacs eziqhelekileyo ne-Persia. Enyanisweni, oku akuyona into eyahlukileyo, kodwa iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezadlulileyo, ngo-1777, eFransi. Ezona ziqhelekileyo ziintlobo ezintathu ze-lilacs: obomvu, obomvu obomvu nelomfusa omnyama. Olu hlobo lokugqibela lubonwa njengelona lihle kakhulu.

Amur Lilac

E-Rashiya, le shrub ephakamileyo ikhula kuMmandla we-Amur, i-Urals, i-Arctic ne-Arkhangelsk. Zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana zasendle zaseRashiya nakwamanye amazwe zikhetha indawo ezibukhali zelanga. Bakhawuleza banike amahlumela kwaye bahlobisa. I- Amur lilac ekhulayo eMpuma Ekude kunye naseChina ayilona mzekelo kulo mgaqo. Imele imithi emininzi yemibhobho, ngokweemeko zendalo zifikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-20 m, kunye nesithsaba esinezintsi. Le ngenye yeentlobo ezimbalwa ze-lilac eziziva zikhulu xa zitsalwa kufuphi nedonki. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-Amur lilac isetyenziselwa kumacandelo eqela kwi-greening yezixeko kunye needolophu.

Kukho ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa kunye neentlobo ezintle ze-lilac: i-drooping, i-small-laaved, i-Preston, njl.

Iintlobo zeLilac

Ababelethi kunye nale shrub yokuhlobisa babenomdla. Ziziphi iintlobo ze-lilac, sele uyazi. Masibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezithandwayo zalesi sityalo. Okwangoku, baninzi ngokwaneleyo. Xa ukhetha abahlali bezona zihlobo ezifanelekileyo zasehlobo kunye nabanikazi bezindlu zokuhlala ngaphandle kwedolophu ngokuqhelekileyo bagxila kumbala we-panicle. Phakathi kweentlobo eziqhelekileyo ngeentyantyambo ezibomvu zi:

• Vesuvius. Le lilac ene-panicles ebomvu i-8x18 cm kunye ne-arom ekhangayo. Imifuno kule ngqungquthela yimalinganiselo, kwaye isiqithi asikho kakhulu kwaye sihambelana ngokwaneleyo.
• I-Violetta - lilac kunye neentyantyambo ezinkulu ezibomvu kunye neziqingatha ezinkulu. Ukukhula kweentlobo zezi ntlobo ze-lilacs ziphezulu kakhulu.
• Ikhefu. Olu luhlobo lwemibala emnyama emnyama. I-Inflorescences kuyo inkulu kakhulu, ebanzi-pyramidal, ifikelela ubude obungama-24 cm.

Iintlobo ezidumileyo ze-lilacs ezimhlophe:

• Vestalka. ULilac ngeentyantyambo ezimhlophe ezicokisekileyo, eziqokelelwa enkulu (ukuya kwi-20 cm) mnogoshverinnye panicle.
• UJoan waseArc. Iintlobo zeTerry kunye neentyantyambo ezimhlophe, ngevumba elimnandi kakhulu. Ihlathi likhula liphezulu. Ukuvuna kuninzi.
• Madade uAbraham Shantane. Kwakhona iintlobo ze-terry kunye neentyantyambo ezimhlophe-ezimhlophe. I-Inflorescences inokufikelela ubude obungama-24 cm kunye nobubanzi be-20 cm. Le shrub ephantsi ithathwa njengowona mhle kunoko.

Ukusuka kwiintlobo ezibomvu kunye nezibomvu ze-lilacs, sinokuhlukanisa:

• Belle de Nancy. Iintyatyambo kule mimandla yezityalo zi-lilac-pinki, zine-tinge, i-terry kunye neqholi elimnandi. Eli bakala alikubi ukusika.
• Gaya-Vata. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwesi siqhelo kubomvu-obomvu, obukhulu kakhulu, ukuya kwi-30 cm ubude. Ihlathi lingafikelela eziphakamileyo ukuya ku-2.5 m.
• Ubuhle uNancy kunye neentyantyambo ezibomvu zepinki, ezinomthunzi omhle wesilivere. Olu luhlu lubhekwa njengelinye lezona zimbini ezibalaseleyo zombala ofanayo.
• Uvakalelo. Iintyatyambo zelilac zibomvu, zibe nomda omhlophe ocacileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo abanako ukuvumba.

Iintlobo kunye neentlobo ze-lilacs (ifoto kunye namagama ibonakala kwinqaku) zihluke kakhulu. Umbala we-panicles kule sityalo uhluka ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuye kube mnyama. Iimvulo, kwimibala eyahlukileyo yemifuno ingabaninzi. Kukhetho kuyimfuneko ukuhlawula ingqalelo kubandakanywa nobukhulu be-inflorescences. Kakade ke, xa bebaninzi, i-intle ibonakala ihle.

Ukukhethwa kwezimbewu zezityalo ezinjenge-lilacs, iintlobo kunye neentlobo zazo ezihlukeneyo ngokungaqhelekanga, yinto elula. Unokutshala i-lilac ngemifuziselo yombala ofanayo okanye ohlukileyo kwisayithi. Nangona kunjalo, esi sityalo siya kukukholisa iliso, kwaye entwasahlobo iya kugcwalisa ididi ngephunga elimnandi.

Ukuzaliswa

Zonke iintlobo ze-lilacs zisasazwa okanye zityalo. Kwiimeko zokuqala, izicucu, iireferensi okanye izalathisi zisetyenzisiweyo. I-varietal lilac ingashunyayelwa kuphela ngendalo. Iinqunqa zinqunywe ngokukhawuleza ngexesha leentyantyambo, inqabana encinane. Nangona kunjalo, abalimi basekhaya bavame ukutshala iillacs ngamacwecwe. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshala nguSeptemba-Oktobha. Unokwenza lo msebenzi entwasahlobo, kodwa ukhetha okokuqala - ngasekupheleni kukaMatshi okanye ekuqaleni kuka-Apreli.

Iyiphi indlela engcono yokukhula

Iintlobo kunye neentlobo ze-lilacs (iifoto kunye namagama abonisa ngokucacileyo ubuhle balezi zityalo) zihlukeneyo. Ukukhethwa kweemitha ezihlahleni kufuneka kwenziwe ngokwemiqathango ethile.

Umhlaba we-lilacs ufanelekile ngokuthe tye okanye ungathathi hlangothi, okanye i-loamy enesihlabathi. Awuyi kutshala esi sityalo apho amanzi omhlaba asondele kakhulu kummandla. Akunconywa ukuba ukhethe izityalo kunye neziza kunye nomhlaba onomsoco kule njongo. Kule meko, isityalo asiyi kuvelisa iingcambu kwaye ziyaqhakaza. Ngesizathu esifanayo, i-lilacs ayifuni.

Kwiindawo ezikumantla nakwibala eliphakathi kweRashiya, le shrub yokuhlobisa ivame ukukhula kwiindawo ezinelanga. Kwiindawo ezisemzantsi, i-penumbra ikhethwe kuye. Ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu kwi-lilac kuqala ukutshisa iintyatyambo.

Indlela yokutshala

Ukutshala i-lilacs yinto elula kakhulu. Imbewu kufuneka ibe nenkqubo yengcambu malunga no-25 cm ububanzi. Ngaphantsi kwemba umgodi wesikwere. Ubude becala bube buphindwe kabini ububanzi bepropus. Unokongeza i-peat encinane kumhlaba owenziwe ngaphandle komgodi. Imbewu ihlonyelwe phantsi kwaye ifafazwe ngumhlaba. I-Prestvalny isangqa sanyathelwa ngeenyawo. Emva koko, yenze i-cushion yodongwe uze uzalise ngokucophelela isityalo ngamanzi.

Kwiintsuku ezinamafu, i-lilac inokuhlwalwa emini. Ekhanyeni le nkqubo idlalwa ngokuhlwa. I-Lilacs, iintlobo kunye neentlobo (iifoto ezibonisa eli nqaku, ziqinisekisiwe) ezithandekayo kwaye zininzi, kule meko ziza kuziva zibhetele ngakumbi kwaye ziya kuthatha ngokukhawuleza.

Indlela yokusasaza i-lilac kunye nokusika

Le yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuvelisa. Ubude be-cuttings mazibe malunga ne-15 cm. Amaqabunga aphantsi kufuneka asuswe kubo. Bonke abanye banqunywe ngesiqingatha. Kwakhona, kwinqanaba elungileyo, phezulu kwinqununu nganye isuswe. Emva koko, izinto zokutyala ezilungiselelwe ngale ndlela mazibekwe kwiiyure ezili-16 kwiiglasi ezizaliswe isisombululo esiphezulu se-heteroauxin (150 mg nganye ngeyure). Emva koko ukuhlanjululwa kuhlanjwe kwaye kutyalwe emthunzini kumhlaba olungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo. Okukugqibela kwenziwa ngokuxuba i-1/4 ye- peat moss, 2/4 ye-low-lying and 1/4 ye-perlite. Ngaphambi kokuqala, umjelo ovela kwi-ribble (10 cm) kunye nomgquba (15 cm) ulala ulala kwindawo yesayithi. Ubungakanani bomxube wehlabathi obulungileyo kufuneka bube ngu-5 cm. Awukwazi ukufaka isanti kuwo. I-Lilac, iindidi kunye neentlobo zezona zihlandlo ezininzi zizinzileyo kwaye zithande kakuhle, zineenkqubo zengcambu ezingenayo. Kwi-cuttings cuttings iya kugcinwa kakuhle.

Umgama phakathi kwe-cuttings udla ngo-5 cm, phakathi kwemigca-10 cm. Ukuhlawuleka kuchithwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye kuhlanganiswe i-polyethylene elandwe kwisakhelo. Ventilate the cuttings iqale kwiinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, ukuvula i-hotbed ehlwa. Ukunkcenkceshela akuninzi kaninzi ngaphezu kwesinye ngeveki. Ekwindla okanye kwintwasahlobo ezayo, izicucu zitshintshelwe kwididi okanye kwintsimi.

Ukunyamekela kwe-lilac

Isihlandlo sokuqala esityalwe kwindawo engasigxina, imbewu leyo kufuneka ihlaziywe ngezikhathi ezithile (njengoko umhlaba ubomile). Kwimvula yezulu, akudingekile ukuba unxweme lomhlaba phantsi kwezityalo. Ihlathi liyakhula ngokwalo. Akukho zityalo ze-lilac zifuna ukunkcenkceshela nokutya. Into yodwa - umhlaba kwisangqa se-trunk kuza kuba neyokuqala-de ihlathini ikhule isithsaba esinomsila - ukhula.

Indlela yokunciphisa

Zonke iintlobo ze-lilacs zithobekile. Ukukhulayo yinkqubo engathathi ixesha nonke. Kuphela entwasahlobo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuyimfuneko yokwenza izihlahla ezihlambulukileyo - ngokuqhelekileyo i-lilac inikeza izikhonkwane ezimbini. Izityalo ezinjalo azibukeka zicoceke kakhulu, ngoko ke iteksi yesibini ehlathini iyakususwa.

Empeleni ukubunjwa kwehlathini kwenziwa ngokunciphisa amasebe ajikelezayo kunye akhulayo. Lo msebenzi kufuneka wenziwe entwasahlobo, kungekudala kunomibini okanye wesithathu emva kokutyala. Nceda ususe amagatsha aqhotyoshelweyo, ukuba kukho na, kwaye uphuphe.

I-pruning yesibili yenziwa emva kokutshala. Eli xesha, unqumle yonke i-whisk eyomileyo. Ukuba ushiywe, isiqithi asiyi kubukeka sicocekile.

Njengoko ubona, isityalo esinjalo njenge-lilac asithathi ixesha elide. Ayinakuzinyamekela ngokwabo. Ngexesha elifanayo, zonke iintlobo ze-lilacs zinempawu eziphakamileyo zokukhabisa. Oku kuchaza ukuthandwa kwabo okungavamile.