Ukuzimela komzimba

Amasosha omzimba akhusela umzimba womntu kwiipasasites, ii-virus, ii-pathogens, iimveliso zetyhefu zomsebenzi wazo obalulekileyo kwaye kungekhona kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuchasana kwendalo kunye nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yokuzalwa (engabonakaliyo) ukusuka kwindawo efunyenweyo (ethile). Ukukhuselwa kwama-congenital against bacteria ngenxa yokufa. Iinkqubo ze-non-specific (okanye i-innate) ezikhuselekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi ze-pathogenic ziyi-phagocytosis kunye ne-inflammatory process.

Umzimba okhuselekileyo yindlela efanelekileyo yokuqaphela umzimba. Isenzo saso sijolise ekufundeni ulwazi kwi-anti-pathogenic-antigen, kunye nokuzikhumbula. I-intracellular efunyenwe ukuchasene nezifo isebenza ukukhusela indawo yangaphakathi yeeseli. Ukuzimela komzimba Kuqhutyelwa kumanzi angaphezulu.

Okokuqala, ukuthelela umzimba ngeeseli ezikhuselekileyo, ii-macrophages ezifudula zifudukela kwi-intercellular fluid, zibophe kwi-antigen, zichonge. Ukufakelwa kwempendulo yokukhusela, ii-T-helper zeeseli ezixhasayo zixhunyiwe kunye ne-B-lymphocytes isebenze. Kungekudala, i-lymphocytes mutate, iguqulwe ibe ngamaseli e-plasma avelisa i-antibodies. Le yindlela yokuphendula ngayo imilingo yomzimba ye-humoral yenziwa ngokubunjwa kweeseli ezithile zememori ezigcina ulwazi malunga ne-antigen. Xa ukuhlaselwa okwesibini kolunye uhlobo lwee-antigens emzimbeni kubangela impendulo enamandla yamagciwane, uvuselela, umz.

Ukuzikhusela komzimba kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo we-T-helper kunye ne-T-suppressor eyenziwe ngethambo lomongo, kwi-2: 1 ehlukile. Lo mgangatho uphulwa kwisifo seGawulayo ngokubhekiselele kwi-1: 2, ngenxa yokuba u-T-helper osulelekileyo unesifo sesifo. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na intsholongwane ayihlali engaziwayo, yintoni ebangela ukufa komzimba.

Ukwahlula kwamanqindi e-environmental interlarlular yomzimba

Ama-antigens endalo ahlukeneyo kangangokuthi ukulwa nawo inkqubo ye-humoral iyakwazi ukuvelisa kuma-antibodies ahlukeneyo angama-108. Zininzi iinxalenye ze-DNA zamaprotheni zihlukile kwizakhiwo zazo, zichonga iindidi zamanqindi.

Ii-immunoglobulins zeeklasi ezintlanu zinika impendulo ekhuselekileyo kuma-antigen.

1. Iklasi G.

Iklasi ye-Immunoglobulin G emzimbeni womntu mkhulu kunabo bonke abanye (ukuya kwi-18 g nganye ngeyure). Ig G ilwa ne-toxins, i-bacteria, ii-virus, zisegazini kunye ne-lymph.

2. Iklasi A.

Ii-immunoglobulins zeklasi A ziyi-serum, ezo zijikeleza egazini, nakwi-secretory, kwi-fluids ye-glands. Iiprotheni ze- globular ze -serum yegazi zixanduva lokuzikhusela ngokubanzi. Ukukhuselwa kwe-immunoglobulin kunika ukhuselo lwengingqi lomzimba kwiintsholongwane, kwiibhox, ukudala umqobo ekungeneni kwabo. Ukuzikhusela komzimba, okubonelelwe ngamagciwane okulwa ne-IgA, kubonakaliswe kwizifo zokuphefumula, i-pneumonia, kunye nomonakalo ochaphazelayo kwiinkonzo nakwiinkonzo.

3. Iklasi E.

I-Immunoglobulins yeklasini E ithatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwimiphumo yeesxibisi, kwi-phagocytosis yamaqhekeza angaphandle, ukubambelela kwabo kunye ne-neutralization, ukutshabalalisa iindawo eziphezulu zamaseli ebhaktheriya. Umxholo we- Ig E kwi-intercellular fluids ukwandisa ngezifo ezichaphazela abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Iqela le-Ig E lidibanisa i-antibodies kwi-erythrocytes yangaphandle.

4. Iklasi D.

Iiklasi ze-D ze-immunoglobulins zijikeleza ikakhulu kwiimbumba zeeseli ze-plasma zegazi, kodwa kwi-serum ukuxinwa kwazo kuncinci. Umsebenzi wama-protein ye- Ig D ukucacisa i-l-lymphocyte yeB-b ngeemfuno eziyimfuneko, zibandakanyiwe kumsebenzi weenkqubo ezizenzekelayo.

5. Iklasi M.

I-Immunoglobulins Ig M ijikeleza ngaphakathi kweenqanawa, iguqulwa kwiiplasmocytes kwiimeko zokungena eziphambili ze-antigens emzimbeni. Iprotheni ye-Ig M ibandakanya i-immunity immoral immunity in bacteremia.